高考复习专题之状语从句.doc

高考语法复习专题之状语从句1. 定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 2. 状语从句一般分为九大类时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句考点一 时间状语从句 时间状语从句通常有连词when, as, while, before, after, since, till/ until, as soon as等引导。 引导时间状语从句的还有其他连词，如the moment/the minute/ the instant, immediately/ directly/ instantly, whenever, the first time, every time, by the time, next time, hardly when, no sooner than等。（一）when, while, as1.when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 When he knocked at the door, I was sleeping.名师指津when还可表原因，意为“既然”。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.(2012江西七校联考)2while引导时间状语从句，意为“与同时，在期间”，从句必须是延续性动词或状态动词, 侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比 。Father was cleaning the car while I was doing my homework.3as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边一边；随着”等意思，表示两个动作交替进行或同时发生。As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks.4如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词，表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while, as 可以互换。When/ While / As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(二) as soon as, immediately/directly/instantly, the moment/the minute/the instant和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 _（我一听到那个声音）, I knew father was coming.The boy burst into tears _ (一见到他妈妈).注意no sooner .than ., hardly/scarcely .when .(一就)的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011辽宁高考) No sooner _ his speech than the students started cheering.英译汉1. They phoned immediately they reached home. _2. No sooner had she seen Tom than she smiled. _3. I want to see her the moment she arrived. _(三) the first time/ every time/ next time/ last time/ any time这些名词短语引导的时间状语从句，表示“第一次/每次/ 下一次/上次/任何时候。_（每次我处于困境时）, he would come to help me out._ (下次你来的时候), do remember to bring your son here._(上次她看见詹姆斯的时候), he was lying in bed.(四) before/since(1)表示“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及就”。The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.(2010福建高考)(2) It will be一段时间before . “多久之后才” It wont be一段时间before . “用不了多久就”。John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(2010陕西高考)(3) since的常用句型：It is (has been)/was一段时间since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时)Its three years since the war broke out. 自战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不吸烟有三年了。c.f. It is three years since I began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。英译汉1. It is three years since she was in our class. _2. It is three years since he lived here. _（五）until/till1. 主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。We wont start our discussion until he comes.We waited for him until/till six oclock yesterday afternoon.Until she arrived he remained there.2. notuntil句型中的强调和倒装用法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.句型转换I didnt leave until she came back . _ she came back _leave._ not until she came back _ I _. 题组训练 用before, since 或until填空。(1)Few people will pay full attention to their health _ they get certain incurable disease.(2)Let me take down what you have said _ I forget.(3)It will be ten years or more _ the scientists can find a cure for AIDS.(4)It is several weeks _ my father got drunk last time.(5)Three years had passed _ I knew it.考点二 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由连词where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等引导。 where 在地点状语从句中， 除了指地点外， 还可指处境等。1. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后；表示抽象的含义时， 从句需放在主句之前。He lives where the climate is mild.You are free to go wherever you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 无火不生烟。（无风不起浪。）2. 注意区分where引导的状语从句和定语从句。你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. _Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. _ 题组训练 单项填空(1) After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when(2) I have kept the portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. A. which B. where C. whether D. when考点三 原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由连词because, since, when (既然)，as, now (that), in that, seeing that, considering that（鉴于） 等引导。 _ 语气最强，述说直接原因，说明因果关系，常回答以_开头的问句，_ 被强调。 now that, since, as 引导的从句用法相似，表示_的原因。Mum, could I go out to play now? Let me see. Yes, since you have finished all your school assignments.Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as possible. Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it. 题组训练 单项填空（1）_ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. A. For B. Now C. Since D. Despite (2 )Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.Auntil Bbefore Cas Dunless (3) You cant complain of being left out _ you dont make any effort to share your happiness and sorrow with others.Awhen Bunless Conce Dthough考点四 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that, so that, for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以防”等。从句中常用may, might, can, could, should等情态动词。 He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. (2011山东高考)In order that fresh air might come in I opened the window . Mary didnt want to get out of bed, for fear that she might wake her baby up.考点五 结果状语从句1. 引导结果状语从句的连词主要有so that, sothat, such that。在非正式文体中， 由sothat, such that引导的句子that可以省略，注意其结构形式：so + adj./ adv. + that so + adj. + a/an + 单数可数名词+thatso + many/much/few/ little + n. + thatsuch + a/an+ adj. +单数可数名词+thatsuch + adj.+ 复数可数名词/ 不可数名词+ thatsuch + a lot of/lots of + n. + that Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is _ that we all believe him. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. He earned _ little money that he couldnt support his family. So clever a student _ that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 题组训练 用so或such填空(1) It is surprising that _ little worms eat _ much grain.(2) Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be many poor people?(3) We left in _ anxious a rush that we forgot the airlines tickets. 2. 结果状语从句可与tooto,enoughto,soas to等不定式结构进行转换。 He got up so late that he missed the bus. 他起床太晚了， 没能赶上那班公共汽车。= He didnt get up early _ _ _ the bus.= He got up too _ _ _ the bus.= He got up so _ _ _ _ the bus. 题组训练 句型转换He is so young that he cant join the army.= He is _ _ _ to join the army.= He is _ _ to join the army.= He is so young _ _ _ join the army. 考点六 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词主要有: if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that)“如若，万一”，once“一旦”, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that)“倘若；假使”， suppose/ supposing (that), 。 You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.(2012江西高考) You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank. Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? In case there is a fire, what will we do first?考点七 方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词主要有: as“像一样”， as if (though)“似乎，好像”等。 The house was greatly damaged by the truck. Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.He acted as if nothing had happened.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.考点八 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有: although, though, as, while, even if (though), whatever (wherever, whoever .), whether . or ., no matter who (when, what .)等。（一） although/ though, even though/ even if 引导的让步状语从句although / though 两者意思相同， 一般可互换， 都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用， 但不与but连用。He is unhappy, though/ although he has a lot of money. Although/ Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.Even though/ if it is raining, well go there. (陈述语气)Even if I were busy, I would go. （虚拟语气）注意：though 还可作副词，“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come; he didnt , though.（二） as/ though 引导的让步状语从句倒装的情况Child as/ though he is, he knows a lot.Much as/ though I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.Try as/ though you may, you wont be able to persuade him. as/ though 引导的让步状语从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序：把从句的_、_或_ 置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要_ 冠词。（三） whetheror(不管还是), wh-+ -ever与no matter + wh- (不管，无论)引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.Whatever (No matter what) you say, he wont believe you.Whoever you are (No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可引导名词性从句。You can take whatever you like.（四） while也可以引导让步状语从句while引导让步状语从句常放在主句之前。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 题组训练 选择正确的答案填空(1) Ill be your true friend, _ happens.A. whatever B. no matter what (2) _ I see him, he is busy with his research work. A. Whenever B. No matter when (3) He liked reading very much. _ he went, he took a book with him. A. Wherever B. No matter where (4) _ difficult the problem may be, Ill work it out by myself. A. However B. No matter how (5) I wont let you in, _ you may be. A. whoever B. no matter who (6) _ leaves the room last should remember to turn off the light. A. Whoever B. No matter who (7) Im too busy to buy yo