非谓语动词(过去分词).doc

非谓语动词过去分词学习目标：1. 了解过去分词的基本形式 2. 掌握过去分词作定语，表语，状语的用法3. 能够分辨过去分词与-ing形式的区别及用法4. 能够在习题中正确判断并运用非谓语动词学习重、难点： 过去分词与-ing形式的区别及用法学习过程： 首先，了解非谓语动词的各种形式及其句法功能；其次,理解并掌握过去分词与-ing形式的区别及用法；再者，通过一定量的练习，来巩固、深化这一常考语法项目；最后，小结本节课内容，强调本节课重难点一、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，它所表示的是一个被动的或已完成的动作。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成份。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.警察在上周找到了那辆被盗的车。（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，如：The glass is broken. 这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来完成的而不是句中主语自己来完成的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，分词前通常可加when, if, while, though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.二、过去分词与-ing形式的区别：（1）语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众。（2）时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：the developed country 发达国家 the developing country发展中国家 试翻译： the the changed world _ the changing world _ the lost time _ some used books _ encouraging words _the fallen leaves _; swimming pool _sleeping car _ the sleeping boy _三练习1. The new shopping center _ now will be put into use by the end of this year. A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built2. -“Have you had supper?”-“Not yet. The meal_.” A. are being cookedB. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked3. Im afraid I cant make myself _ in English. A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood4. I think this story is _ . A. worth being read B. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading5. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _. A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal6. Strictly _, it isnt worth the price you are asking. A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoken7. Time _, theyll come here to watch us _ football. A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play8. The man was seen _ into the courtyard. A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen9. Bob should love _ to the party tomorrow evening. A. taking B. to be taken C. to take D. being taken10. Tom had no choice but _ the classroom with his classmates. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleans11. Mr. Brown said that his car needed _ A. to be repaired B. being repaired C. be repairing D. to repair12. The noise of the desks _ could be heard in the next classroom. A. being opened and closed B. opened and closed C. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed13. She was noticed _ the shop. A. to enter B. enter C. having entered D. entered14. _, she burst into tears. A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving15. The problem requires _. A. studying with great care B. to study carefully C. to be studied without carelessness D. taking great care of studying it16. _carelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there. A. being written B. Wrote C. Write D. Writing17. The boy had his leg _ while _ football. A. broken, playing B. break, play C. broken, played D. broke, was playing18. He is ill. He has kept_. A. coughing all along B. to cough at night C. cough since yesterday D. being coughed day and night19. It is no use _ without _. A. to talk, doing B. taking, being done C. talking, doing D. being talked, being to do20. _, she felt quite shy at the party. A. As she a stranger B. Being a stranger C. According to a stranger D. She like a stranger21. While _ football on tin playground, I found my keys _. A. playing, lost B. play, losing C. played, being lost D. having played, lost22. Dick made it _ to all his friends. A. to know B. known C. know D. knowing23. This soup is cold; it needs _. A. to heat B. to be heated C. being hot D. heated24. Anna is often heard _songs in her room. A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sin