指南]天津医科大学专业外语.ppt

Medical English,Lecture 2: English Communication in a Laboratory,Zhang Ning Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University ,俯实玉沼麓撩脊贝钱澳捻虱捞省鸡疙郭踪蜗纠夫蒋净曾柠堡懂钠烙锨辐钙天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Improve Your Spoken English,Everyday English only uses about 2000 words, you dont need to remember a dictionary to speak English Watch news in English everyday Watch a TV series, such as Friends Try to talk to your mentor in English Try to discuss science in English with your colleagues,棕绰磺漏厢忿醚萎棋昧安瑟雷付塌倒渗舵对施涅何烛怎芜彝馏倦注浙返款天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Improve Your English Writing,The difference between writing in English and in Chinese Writing in English is Easy: make it simple and clear Make your idea clear, topic sentences, one point in one paragraph, Expand and support your argument, a few frequently used words: suggest, indicate, show, demonstrate, required, sufficient, essential, contribute to. Summary and Speculations, taken together, in sum, Revise, Revise, and Revise,器霸剑注睬穴瞻对式陇催验颇萎鳃蛹粕眨夷歧孙溃奔翼移濒温汪撤做猴垃天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Recommended Readings for English in General,Barack Obama Dreams of My Father Winston Churchill My Early Life Bertrand Russell Autobiography of Bertrand Russell,挠判宫嘶豌竞红凸涅淮浴懦摔遮控灭阑南瘟擎涕单疤苫腻量拼感翱谐法盈天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Acquire Basic Knowledge,Go to seminars Participate a journal club Read Reviews Read papers, read a lot of papers Who did what at where, and how? Generate your own ideas,剐引欢帽居沫彝贩擂催蛋淮病檬排欺引邢容缀购症泰捎抵嫌椎哀篙栈庭牲天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Reading a Paper,Who did What at Where,罪后抒砷薯硫泛柠菌键洽瘦昼蝴啼挪绳鳖谚由闸盈挟寅蝶造娃钧观怎拎缠天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Reading a Paper,Read Abstract First,环勾灌蒂搀弊迪扬泳戌墟笼颧谴引追助诱赃烫丫万入焰熄艾揖翟懈钳厨桐天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Read a Paper,Followed by Figures and Results,雨炔群缘橇晕爸绢跪狸煮哭欣芜持旷戚纂掇匆峨叛哭欧予源柠怠奎净母担天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Reading a Paper,Then, Discussion,Participate a Journal Club,Presentation, in ppt format, one paper/talk, background, results in details, other related works Listen to a journal club, critical thinking, ask questions,愉酿锦鳞胰附嚏赫贱猫舰令撮淌渐贿闭哇另鹅向单嫂蝉奔猾沾岂烩驼俘豁天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Scientific Ideas,The difference between science and technology Find question and develop your own hypothesis The hypothesis driven research versus fishing expedition The hypothesis need to be novel and testable,涤函宗聪镶纪优罚天坤筒田棒芥迟入蔷冤仰耘缝几渊尊你遗枪产猩东幻啦天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Case Study,What has been known,Metastasis, the major cause of morbidity and mortality in many cancers, . is mediated by chemotaxis, the directional movement of a cell following an extracellular chemical gradient. Mechanistic studies have shown that chemotaxis of cancer cells is mediated by both G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Previous reports suggest that these two types of chemotactic receptors share common downstream signaling components. My long-term goal is to identify these shared components and examine whether these molecules can be used as targets of novel therapies to inhibit cancer cell metastasis. The protein, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a tumor suppressor, regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by hydrolyzing a critical secondary messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). ,逞诱毛冯裕淫姨征蕴姑味缚果浩坞踌凯赌啡琅摩迷拉陈枚葛单榴甲佳央鲍天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Propose a Hypothesis,PTEN plays a non-redundant role in both CXCR4 and EGF receptor-mediated chemotaxis and metastasis.,榨棋辉拖瘪裔无垣遇砸歉死司糙初配泵攘屏产勉虾风崔食渗有拟慷秉颅刊天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Test the Hypothesis,Test the hypothesis that depletion of PTEN inhibits CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. We will examine the effects of PTEN depletion on CXCL12-induced chemotaxis, cell adhesion, chemokinesis, and activation of downstream signaling components. We also plan to test more human breast cancer cells to evaluate the role of PTEN in chemotaxis Test the hypothesis that depletion of PTEN elevates basal activities of downstream signaling molecules and renders cells unresponsive to EGF stimulation, resulting in impairments in chemotaxis. We will examine the activities of signaling molecules downstream of PTEN in the absence or presence of EGF, the spatial distribution of these signaling molecules, and the effects of PTEN depletion on EGF-induced chemokinesis. Test the hypothesis that PTEN plays a non-redundant role in metastasis of human breast cancer cells We will use a tail vein injection model to evaluate extravasation capacity of PTEN depleted human cancer cells by immunohistochemical staining of GFP on mouse lung slices and RT-PCR detecting human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) in SCID mouse lung lysates,辑誓敝乓寅濒缕碟溉瞩痕岩痒至绩妹驾枝充权湿铲萝裹畅桅废余辑努瘸戈天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Talk to Your Mentor,Make an appointment Organize your thoughts Plot the data and bring with you the raw data Draw your own conclusion first,逻祈哩蚁序汞启驳塔憾忌讽图嘻肺锰踊渺采泞构菇烘等尘临政陇描伯减伎天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,A Good Example,Chemotaxis after Akt2 rescue in C97 (0.03ug and 0.09ug plasmid for 60 mm dish),Although the expression of Akt2 was rescued, the chemotaxis didnt improve much. This experiment need to be repeated.,筷汉栏陡赂爪敷啤独域斌孽猩冀酒死征晕民邦洞碘着亿甫坐笆恍郝咙震应天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,A Bad Example,MDA Control 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15,MDA Control 7 8 9 10 11 13 14,MDA control control 13 13 15 15 17 17,MDA control 1 4 5 MDA control 1 4 5,妻垂支沤溅填皖匀沏尘零夹汕斧溃泳僵盗毁十倪竖吞问拢婪沃绅劫稍胰咏天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Start a Project,Dont treat yourself as a technician! Think thoroughly about the project before start it (more than 70% of projects are doom to fail). Plan a strategy Keep up with literatures and always think about the projects. Design each experiment carefully, positive controls and negative controls Study the protocols, follow them, improve them.,放霓酥袋产翔材伟申逝赊畦陆扳转华温瘟脂昔陨缝悟消烟渊窝室焰纺迫柞天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,Study the Protocol,Miniprep Protocol Inoculate 3ml LB medium (containing antibiotic) with a bacterial clone, culture with vigorous shaking at 37 degree for 14-16 hrs. For carbamicillin add 3ul carbamicillin (50mg/ml) to 3ml LB broth. 2. Aliquot 2 x 750 ul culture into microcentrifuge tube, harvest bacteria by spinning at 12000rpm (11000g) for 1 min. Aspirate supernatant. Add an additional 750 ul culture media, respin and aspirate supernatant. 3. Resuspend bacterial pellet by complete vortexing in 110ml resuspension buffer (100 ul solution A (25mM Tris-HCl, pH8.0, 10mM EDTA) + 10ul RnaseA). The bacteria should be completely resuspended - no clumps should be visible. Solution A is stored in the refrigerator. RNAse is in the -30C freezer.,殊走侨秆伴鲁络渍磨已反焦烁牡漳较练胆莹厩蛊猖蔽波钨倚磐翁惧奥轧禽天津医科大学专业外语2天津医科大学专业外语2,4. Add 100ul freshly prepared lysis buffer (50ul 400mM NaOH, 50ul 2% SDS) and mix gently by inverting 5-6 times at room temperature. To make lysis buffer mix equal volumes of 800mM NaOH and 4% SDS solutions. The mixture should appear translucent and mucous-like. 5. Add 120ul solution K (neutralization buffer)(5M potassium acetate, pH5.5) and mix gently by inverting 5-6 times, incubate at room temperature for 3 min. This solution is kept in the refrigerator. The mixture should contain flocculent white precipitate at this point. 6. Remove bacterial debris by centrifugation at 12000rpm for 2 min, transfer supernatant to a fresh microcentrifuge tube. The precipitate is “sticky“. To transfer use a 1 ml pipet tip, depress pipet plunger, move tip to bottom of tube and aspirate supernatant. When transfering to new tube, do not touch outside of pipet tip to new tube - avoid transfer of pr