药学英语复习题及单词.doc

翻译1. 化学家感兴趣的是物质的成分和性质，以及他们在化学反应中所发生的变化。The chemist is interested in the composition and properties of substances and the transformations they undergo during a chemical reaction.2. 如果没有麻醉，今天外科大夫所施行的精细手术是不可能的。The delicate operations performed by surgeons today would not be possible without anesthetics,3. 化疗是通过施用化学物质来杀灭体内病原体或阻止其生长的治疗方法。Chemotherapy is the treatment of disease by the administration of chemical substances which kill or prevent the growth of pathogenic organisms within the body.4. 由药物产生的奇怪的思维状态对理解精神病的病因或治疗精神病并没有多大帮助。The strange mental states produced by drugs did not help much towards understanding the cause of, or finding treatments for insanity.5. 在医院，许多新药正在使用，预期这些药品产生一些特定的效果，并且从总体上希望尽可能少的副作用。In hospitals a number of new drugs were being used. These drugs were intended to have specific effects and on the whole it was hoped that they would have as few side-effects as possible.6. 由于采用了现代分离和药理试验方法，新的植物药通常是设法制成提纯物后应用于医疗的。As a result of modern isolation and pharmacological testing procedures , new plant drugs usually find their way into medicine as purified substances.7. 生药学所采用的有关植物学、化学和物理学方面的许多技术，也可用于对食品、调味品及化妆品等其他商品的分析。Many of the botanical, chemical and physical techniques employed in pharmacognosy are also applicable to the analysis of other commodities, such as foods, spices and comsmetics.8. 有些在民间传统中用于治疗癌症已有相当历史的植物，经过近年的植物化学检验，结果确实常分离出具有抗肿瘤活性的成分。Recent phytochemical examination of plants which have a suitable history of use in folklore for the treatment of cancer has, indeed, often resulted in the isolation of principles with antitumour activity.9. 生物化学和生理学知识的增加，对于药理学已具有特别重要的意义，因为它使生物过程导入了化学控制的概念。The growth of knowledge of biochemistry and physiology, which led to the concept of the chemical control of biological processes, has been of particular importance for pharmacology.10. 既然人体从本质上讲是一台化学机器，那么，有关人体功能的化学知识对医生来说就显得至关重要了。Since the body is essentially a chemical machine, a knowledge of the chemistry of bodily functions seems essential to the physician.11. 人们从活体分离出越来越多的纯净的物质，并认识到它们都含有碳元素，这样便诞生了有机化学。Isolation of increasing numbers of purified materials from living forms and recognition of the fact that all contained carbon gave birth to organic chemistry.12. 在有机化学的学习中，希望学生用他们熟悉的符号构成二维或三维空间的分子结构式。In the study of organic chemistry, students are expected to use familiar symbols which are constructed into two- or three-dimensional molecular formulas.13. 许多疼痛都有一个可明显标识的局部痛源（local origin），因此，往往采取局部用药来控制它们。软膏和擦剂自有其古老的历史（ancient origin），但在19世纪却采用了更保险细致（subtle）的方法。率先用氯仿作为通用麻醉剂使用的辛普森（Simpson）在实验中将氯仿用于局部麻醉，但未获成功。理查德森（Richardson）也试用了各种材料，包括亚硝酸戊酯（amyl nitrite）以及包括寒冷和电力在内的物理方法。那时一种已取得预期疗效的药物已为人所知，只不过，要充分认识它的潜能还需假以时日。Many pains have a local origin obviously shown so people adopt local drugs to control them. Ointment and liniment have their own ancient origin, but they adopted more subtle way in 19th century. Simpson used chloroform as anesthetic first of all. In experiment he used chloroform for local anesthesia, but failed. Richardson also tried many substances including amyl nitrite as well as some physical methods including cooling methods and electricity methods. At that time, a drug with intended effect was known by everybody, but the potential of fully recognizing this medicine still requires some time.14. 药物研制策略包括偶然发现、分子随机组合、有计划的研究某一特定化学成分的合成方法。Drug development strategists involve serendipity, molecular roulette, programmed basic research with synthesis of specific chemical, etc.15. 大多数药物都有一个安全剂量上限，超过这一限度，便可能产生毒副作用。Most drugs have a safe upper limit of dosage; beyond this toxic effects may be expected to occur.16. 增加对生化机制知识的了解将使得对新药的研制更为理性。The increase in knowledge of biochemical mechanisms results in a more rational approach to the development of new drugs.17. 新药只有经过广泛的正规毒性试验之后才可用于患者。Extensive formal toxicological tests are required before a new drug can be used on patients.18. 现在，化学家和生物学家非常重视分子生物学和生化药理学等研究领域。Chemists and biologists have now attached great importance to such fields of research as molecular biology and biochemical pharmacology.19. 新药研制的根本依据应该是提供更好的药物，即更有效、更安全或更便宜。The rationale for the development of new drugs should be provided better drugs; better in the sense of being either more effective, safer or cheaper.20. 新药的临床评价必须在动物研究证明有效之后方可进行。Only after animal studies have proved efficacy can clinical evaluation of new drugs be undertaken.21. 第三阶段的大规模临床试验将确立新药的功用以及毒副作用的频率。Large scale clinical trials in Phase 3 are to establish new drugs profile of action and frequency of adverse effects.22. 药理学家不仅要了解人体内进行的正常反应过程，还应懂得机体功能是怎样受疾病影响的。Pharmacologists should not only understand the normal processes that take place in the body, but know how the functions of the body are affected by disease. 23. 病人（特别是老年病人）经常性使用一种以上治疗药物的话，往往会发生导致毒性的药物相互作用。With the frequent use of more than one therapeutic agent by a patient, particularly the elderly, drug interactions that result in toxicity are likely events.24. 临床医生感兴趣的主要是那些对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有效的药物。The clinician is interested primarily in drug that are useful in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases.25. 药效学作为一门边缘学科，大量借鉴了生理学、生物化学、免疫学、病理学等学科的理论和实验技术。As a border science, pharmacodynamics borrows freely both the theories and experimental techniques of physiology, biochemistry, immunology, pathology, etc.26. 研究表明，毒品依赖是一个双向的健康问题和社会问题。它不仅影响到个体的健康。同时也影响到公众的健康。使用毒品对人的大脑和身体健康有着显而易见的很严重的负面影响。Studies show that drug dependence is both a healthy and a social problem. It affects the health not only of individuals also of the public. Taking drugs produces obvious side effects on the brain and health severely.27. 由于药瘾是这么一种既复杂又广为涉及的健康问题，我们必须在我们的总体战略中义不容辞地包括进公共卫生方面的措施，开展广泛的教育、预防、治疗及科研。Since drug addiction is a so complicated and wildly-involved social problem, we are bound to involve measures of public health in our general strategies and conduct extensive steps such as education, prophylaxis, treatment and research.单词第21页（P21）1、 addict2、 addiction3、 addictive4、 analgesic5、 analgetic6、 anesthesia7、 anesthetic8、 carbon9、 drug10、 ether11、 induce12、 membrane13、 mucous14、 potency15、 sodium16、 syntheticP4117、 adrenaline18、 anatomical19、 cerebral20、 cirrhosis21、 clinician22、 distillation23、 ferment24、 insanity25、 intoxicant26、 pharmacologist27、 preparation28、 spinal29、 spiritsP7830、 cosmetic31、 fermentation32、 identity33、 impurity34、 intake35、 microbe36、 modification37、 nutritional38、 pharmacopoeia39、 physiologicalP8940、 acetate41、 cyanide42、 ion43、 potassium44、 valenceP10645、 analyst46、 automate47、 biopharmacy48、 chromatography49、 microbiologist50、 rationalize51、 spectrophotometer52、 tablet53、 ultravioletP11154、 colorimetric55、 quantitativeP12256、 acute57、 agonist58、 antagonist59、 antibody60、 beta-receptor61、 deformity62、 efficacy63、 adverse64、 enzyme65、 genetic66、 hypertension67、 inhibitor68、 in-vitro69、 marrow70、 monoclonal71、 pharmacological72、 synthesize73、 toxicologicalP12874、 analytical75、 authorize76、 double-blind77、 indication78、 nonsteroidal79、 placebo80、 supervision81、 vigilanceP17282、 biotransformation83、 botanical84、 chemotherapeutic85、 clinician86、 diagnosis87、 ethical88、 excretion89、 genetics90、 immunological91、 intensity92、 microbiology93、 preclinical94、 renal95、 therapyP17896、 bioavailability97、 systemic98、 equilibrium99、 plasma100、 administer101、 intravenous102、 pro-drug103、 venous104、 arterial105、 permeation106、 hepatic107、 capsuleP190108、acute 111、cytotoxic109、nausea11