情态动词教学案1.doc

英语高考专题复习讲与练情态动词情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答+have donemust必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have towill意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWilldo?Yes,will. No,wontwouldwould not/wouldnt doshall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺命令shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shantshould应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定疑问句中）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do Maydo? Ye,may.No,mustnt/cantmightmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.dare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare. No,darent.need需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,needntused to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Yes,used. No,use(d)ntDiduse to do?Yes,did. No,didnt.下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使 用 场 合mustmust + 动词原形must have done肯定句may / mightmay / might + 动词原形May / might have done肯定句、否定句can /couldcan / could doCan / could have done否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句 例如：It must have rained last night.She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.She cant be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.They should be there right now. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It _ true because there was little snow there. （02北京）A. may not beB. wont beC. couldnt beD. mustnt be3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：（1）should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.（2）ought to have done也表示“本应该”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该”。如：You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.（3）neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.（4）could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。如：I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.1. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (NMET1993)A. have toldB. tell C. be tellingD. having told2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. (NMET1994)A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it outD.ought to write it out3. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. Ita comfortable journey. (NMET1995) A.cant beB.shouldnt be C.mustnt have beenD.couldnt have been4. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. (NMET1998) -Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. （2000北京春季）A. might B. should C. can D. will 2. I was really anxious about you. You_ home without a word. （01全国） A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave二、精典名题导解选择填空1. I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET 2001)A.mustnt have B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt have解析：答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”，因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。2.Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I_ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)A.must B.would C.should D.might解析：答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“Im not sure”,表明我可能去Jeffs party，也可能去音乐会，故用might。3. Will you stay for lunch?Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99)A.I mustnt B.I cant C.I neednt D.I wont解析：答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表示一种请求和意愿，是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你，好吗”，对于这种问句的肯定回答是：Suree! Gertainly! Yes, of course. Id be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：Im sorry, I cant. No, Im afraid I cant. Im sorry, but Id like to, but 等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。情态动词1I thought you 1ike somethjng to read，so I have brought you some books Amay Bmight Ccould Dmust2There was plenty of timeShe Amustnt have hurried Bcouldnt have hurried Cmust not hurry Dneednt have hurried3The plant is deadI it more water AWill give Bwould have given Cmust give Dshould have given4You return the book nowYou can keep it till next week if you like Acant Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not5Tom ought not to me your secret，but he meant no harm Ahave told Btell Cbe telling Dhaving told6He you more help，even though he was very busy Amight have given Bmight give Cmay have given Dmay give7He at the meeting this morningHe was in hospital at the time Acouldnt have spoken Bmustnt have spoken Cshouldnt have spoken Dneednt have spoken8He must be in the classroom， he? Amustnt Bcant Cisnt Dcan9You were driving at 100 km an hour，sir But officer，I My car cant go more than 80 Amay not have been Bcouldnt have been Cwouldnt have been Dneednt have been10Did you visit the famous museum? NoWe it，but we spent too much time shopping Acould have visited Bmust have viste Ccant have visited Dshouldnt have visited11When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon They be ready by 12：00 Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed12You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to doAneednt to come Bdont need comeCdont need coming Dneednt come13Put on more clothesYou be feeling cold with only a shirt on Acan Bcould Cwould Dmust14There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well It a comfortable journey Acant be Bshouldnt be Cmustnt have been Dcouldnt have been15I think all drivers seat belts Ashould wear Bhad better wear Ccan wear Dhave to wear16Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow .AI dont B1 wont CI cant DI havent17I to1d Sally how to get h