词语填空的解题思路.doc

词语填空的解题思路：词语填空要所考查的语言点较全面，是一个综合性的题型，在解题时，可分为两个步骤进行NO.1选择单词一、根据意思选词做题前不要急于填空，首先细看方框中提供的词，知道每个词的含义，尽可能地想出它的各种含义。然后通读全文，对文章内容有个初步了解。如果是记叙文应先了解故事大概过程，说明文就了解说明的是哪方面知识。发现文章中所设的伏笔或前后呼应的内容，因为有时答案就藏在其中。接着再细读文章，先从最容易的词入手，如介词、冠词、连词等，这些词的词形变化少，有些是固定搭配，所以相对容易些，然后再由简入难，逐一突破。在填词时一定要注意词不离句，句不离篇，全面考虑全文语境。二、根据句子结构选词有时只根据意思选词，容易出现连环错误。为避免这种错误，还可从句子结构上来考虑选词。在一个简单句中，基本结构是主、谓、宾、定、状、补。如果句中缺少主语，这就把目标锁定在名词或代词中或有些可以变形为名词的词上，如需谓语则找动词，需宾语找名词或代词，需定语找形容词，需状语找副词等等。还可能会有从句，如宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等，则应选择关系代词或副词。NO.2变化词形词语选好后，还应全面考虑词形变化。用名词填空时要考虑可数和不可数，可数名词考虑用单数还是复数，如用复数要进一步考虑复数变化，特别是不规则变化；另外还有名词所有格，名词作定语等。用动词时先考虑用作谓语还是非谓语，如用作非谓语则考虑是用现在分词、过去分词还是不定式形式，如用作谓语则考虑语态、时态和人称。形容词和副词填空需考虑它们之间的相互转换，用原级、比较级还是最高级以及变化规律。用代词填空要考虑人称代词和物主代词的转换，人称代词的主、宾格形式，反身代词形式；物主代词考虑其形容词性和名词性形式等等。全部填完后再把全文连起来阅读一遍，看看上下文意思是否连贯，词形是否考虑周全，调整到最确切。( 1 )well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, house We cant stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they dont destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earths plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. Third, you must make the houses as 5. _ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _ . . Scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山) . They call it “ The Big One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. _ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. _ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. _ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.1.good 2.two 3. may 4.sand 5.strong 6. stay up 7. afraid 8.houses 9.now 10.if 【剖析】这是一篇科普类文章，要求选填的词汇都是浅显易懂的常用词，且都是大纲范围内的词汇。因此，学生要通读全文，了解大意。只要能够理解文章上下的内容，对短文语境中有用的信息进行分析、推敲、结合整篇，就可以确定所需词汇。值得注意的是，题目提供的词中有两组形容词、副词的同根词，这就要求我们既要明白文章的意思，还得善用所学的综合知识。 第1题选good。依句型这里需要形容词，看全文应是 “好”。第2题选two。文章一开始就说，我们虽然不能阻止地震，但可以采取措施减少地震对城市的破坏程度。如果那样的话，那么在地球板块与板块交界的地方建造房屋肯定不是好办法。 （这是一个跨学科的问题，世界上已经发生的地震多数发生在地球板块与板块交界的地方，科学家们称之为地震带。 由此可见，要学好英语，还要学好其他学科。）第3题选 may。在这里表示猜测、假设，意思是“可能”。第4题选 sand 。 “沙地”与前面的rocks 一词对应。这句话是说，如果你认为某个地方可能要发生地震，最好是将房屋建筑在地质比较坚硬的地带，而不能建在地质松的地带。 比如像沙漠这样的地带就不能建造房屋。第5题选strong 。除地质条件外，将房屋建得strong“牢固”些，也是减轻地震灾害的一项重要措施。第6题选stay up 。在这里是“站立、矗立”的意思，与前面的 fall down 一词相对应。第7题选afraid。因为旧金山这个城市就建在太平洋板块与美洲大陆板块交界的地带（环太平洋地震带），所以说科学家们感到担心、害怕。第8题选houses。科学家们之所以感到担心和害怕，是因为那里的人还在那里建造房屋，这正好与前面说的减轻地震灾害的方法相反。第9题选now 。与前面的1906年相对比。第10题选if 。文章最后小结提出假设：旧金山如果依旧那样的话，一旦有一天发生地震，后果将不堪设想。( 2 )forget, bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently, I ，every , stop，each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 _ there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _ by the man. He said angrily, “Thats 7_ !” Mr. Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _ of them, he said, “Youve mended them very well.” In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 _ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “Youve had a 10 _ day,” he said.( 3 )not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat , name, sayA farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river.The farmer 1. _ out to him, “ What are you growing , Grandpa? ”The old man 2 . _ for a moment, then said, “Swim over 3. _ Ill tellyou.”The farmer didnt like the 4. _ of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5. _ the old man was doing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. _ in his ear, “ Im planting peas in my 7. _ .”“ You should have shouted. I would have 8. _ quite clearly on that side.” Said the farmer.“ Oh, no, I wouldnt 9. _ that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. _ my peas.”( 4 )telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, at Mrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cats first winter. One evening it was 1._ when it began to snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2. _it everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find it, 3. _ she telephone the police and said, “ I have 4. _ a small black cat. Has 5. _ found one? ”“ No，madam, ” said the policeman at the other end, “ But cats are really very 6. _ animals. They sometimes live for days in the snow, and when it melts (融化) or somebody finds them, they are quite 7. _ .” Mrs Andrews felt 8. _ when she heard this. “ And ,” she said, “ Our cat is very 9. _. She almost talks. ”The policeman was getting tired, “Well then, ” he said “ Why dont you put your 10._ down? Maybe she is trying to telephone you now. ”( 5 ) tell, hear, listen to , guard, drum, much, fly , army, with, other, way , instruction Here are some old ways to sending messages. An Egyptian(埃及人) put his ear to the ground. He 1 . _ the horses coming this way. He ran to 2. _ his people . He was a 3. _ . That was one way for Egyptians to send messages.People in 4._ countries sent message, too. When enemies came, one man beat his drum. In the next village people heard the drum and beat their drums, too. The messages went from village to village by 5._ .Much 6. _ , some armies (军队)