宾语从句英语语总.doc

宾语从句英语语法初中英语宾语从句小结我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点: 一、引导词的使用1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:Do you know what we can do on the island?I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning.二、语序的陈述化宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:When did he leave? I want to know. I want to know when he left.Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?宾语从句要点盘点二、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应。 主句是现在或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时，从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。但如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，则从句应用一般过去时，不用过去完成时；如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时，用一般现在时。如：He said he had finished his studies when the war broke out.他说战争爆发时，他已经完成了学业。He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他说他将在大连度假。 She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。三、如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。其句型为：“主语+谓语+it+补足语+宾语从句”。如：We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。注意：(1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如： He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生，只不过有点粗心。 See to it that children dont catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。(2)that引导表语从句时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，不可省。if引导宾语从句。(1)宾语从句是肯定句时，whether,if可互换；但whether常和or not连用，宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导。如： I dont know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。 I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。 I dont care if it doesnt rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。(2)作介词宾语时，只能用whether,不能用if。如： Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。五、that引导宾语从句时不可省的几种情况：1.that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。 I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。2.当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。 Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.亚伯拉罕林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。3.主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。 When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。4.当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。Then he said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.他说，法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须坚持说法语，永远也不要忘记它。5.宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。(直接宾语：在英语和其他一些语言中，句中用来指出接受及物动词发出动作的事物的词或短语。 例如，在mail the letter（寄信）中的letter，就是直接宾语。 一般情况下，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。 双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。它和直接宾语组成双宾语。) I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。6.宾语从句的主语是this/that，或用this/that修饰主语时。 He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好主意。7.在直接引语中，主句和宾语从句被隔开时。 Im sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didnt watch carefully enough what I did.” 我很遗憾的告诉大家，你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。8.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。 The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。八年级英语宾语从句练习【答案】：一、1、C 2、A 3、C 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、B11、A 12、A 13、A 14、A 15、C 16、A 17、C 18、C 19、A 20、D二、1、havent finished 2、stopped 3、will come 4