被动语态讲解与练习.doc

动词的语态（1） 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现 出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them.(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词(三)被动语态的用法1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done（五）不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn . It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life . She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her.二、复习时需要注意的要点（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语；把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动词make, let等。注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。- I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。- He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。 12.1 let 的用法 1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。- The strange was let go.2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如： The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。 - I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.12.2 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 12.3 表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信 It is hoped that大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知 It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议 It is taken granted that 被视为当然It has been decided that 大家决定 It must be remember that 务必记住的是12.4 不用被动语态的情况 1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如： After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。 比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 （错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen. （错） The accident was happened last week. （对） The accident happened last week. （错） The price has raised. （对） The price has been raised. （错） Please seat. （对） Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。 3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。 4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。 5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如： （对） She likes to swim. （错） To swim is liked by her. 12.5 主动形式表示被动意义 1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如： The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。 This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。12.6 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。He got married to a rich girl. 12.7 need/want/require/worth 当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如： Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。典型例题The library needs_, but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned答案A. need （实意） +n /to do，need （情态）+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。巩固练习答案I、1. A recorder is often used in our English class. 2. A new film will be shown by then next week.3. When was the house built by them? 4. The boy was seen to enter the room.5. Will a new film be shown by them next week? 7. He is often seen to help his classmate.8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed. 9. Who is the bike being repaired by?(By whom is the bike being repaired?) 10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.II、 DBCBAABCBC1. speak2 is spoken 3. has been shown 4. are made5. turn 6. is being built 7. Has returned 8. is grown 9. wasnt broken 10. was told didnt com.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1 We often use a recorder in our English class. 2 They will show a new film next week.3 When did they build the house? 4 I saw the boy enter the room.5 Will they show a new film next week? 6 Have they posted the letter yet?7 We often see him help his classmate. 8 You must turn off the light before you go to bed9 Who is repairing the bike? 10 The student should learn all the texts by heart.选择填空:1. The reading room _ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2. The workers were made _ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3. Food _ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4. His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5. The pen _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6. Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place7. Our compositions must _ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing 8. The child will _ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9. _ his work _ yet?A. havebeen finished B. has been finished C. has finished D. havefinished10. The classroom _ nowA. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:1.Can he _ (speak) English?2.What language _ (speak) in that country? 3.The film _ (show) many times since last Sunday.4.These TV sets _ (make) in SiChuan.5.It has got so dark. Would you please _ (turn) on the light?6.A new hospital _ (build) in this area now.7._ the book _ (return).8.Rice _ (grow) in the south.9.The window _ (not break) by the boy.10.I _ (tell) he _ (not come) just now.被动语态练习题( )1.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes. Our classroom _ every day. A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning ( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology_in the school hall next week. A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give ( )3.His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published ( )4.Did you go to Jacks birthday party? No,I_. A.am not invited B.wasnt invited C.havent invited D.didnt invite ( )5.Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack? When your homework_,you can. A. is done B.was done C.does D.did ( )6.Twentyyearolds should not_to drive in China. A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed. ( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what_. A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened. ( )8.The book Businessthe Speed of Thought _in 1999. A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written. ( )9.Trees and flowers_every year to make our country more beautiful. A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted. ( )10.Chinas sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang_Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai. A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named. ( )11.The earth is our home.It _well. A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected. ( )12.In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested. ( )13._a new library_in your school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built. ( )14.An accident_on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened. ( )15.Cotten _in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow. ( )16.So far, the moon_by man already. A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited. ( )17.How many trees _this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted. ( )18.A lot of things _by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done. ( )19.Neither of them _ in China A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made.( )20.Look! A nice picture_for our teacher. A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws. ( )21.Your shoes_.You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn. ( )22.The doctor_for yet. A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent. ( )23When _this kind of computer_? Last year. A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used ( )24.The Great Wall_about all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known. ( )25.I_in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born. ( )26.He says that Mr Zhang_to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent. ( )27.Who _this book_? A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written ( )28.Mary _show me her new dictionary. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )29. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us ( )30.The monkey was seen_out of the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump 2、 单项选择 1( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- _.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am6( ) 1 The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B.will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often_up near a f