新世纪研究生英语复习.docx

第一单元1 What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2 How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3 How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4 How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5 What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.1.Only twenty-seven new members had been _ since the Leeds Congress, and the total membership still stood at less than one hundred.A.cededB.enrolledC.fadedD.departed2.You could go for advertising _, the catchy floor displays or the flashy packaging.A.designB.descriptionC.hypeD.propaganda3.The desk was _ with files, but the chair behind it was vacant.A.clutteredB.depictedC.definedD.represented4._ is a meal typically eaten late in the morning as a combination of a late breakfast and an early lunch.A.DinnerB.BrunchC.BanquetD.Feast5.The improvement of the highway will _ pressure on the trains to some extent.A.ensureB.relieveC.protectD.guarantee6.Johns hands were _ as he put down his papers and started his speech at the first time.A.quiveringB.wavingC.shakingD.lifting7.His mood was an explosive mixture of _ self-pity and forced gaiety, the latter predominating as he got drunk.A.maudlinB.nastyC.painfulD.outright8.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to _ revenue by limiting commerce.A.disregardB.challengeC.diminishD.reject9.In womens magazines and educational material the apple _ good food and health.A.anticipatesB.conjuresC.designatesD.presupposes10.It is the opinion of a (n)_ tourist that no price would be too great to pay, the novelist declared.A.affectionateB.sensitiveC.appropriateD.sentimentalTask 5.我静静地躺着，等待着。突然，窗外的生机引起了我的注意：昆虫在合鸣；邻居坐在阳台上，直到深夜，他们说话的声音有些模糊，那声音让我平静下来。我闻到了新割的青草的气息。还有一种说不清的声音-可能是树枝扫过隔壁店铺的屋顶吧。Lying still, waiting ,I suddenly notice the life outside the window. The bugs sing in chorus .neighbors, sitting on their verandas until late ,speak in hazy words with sanded edges that soothe me . I catch the scent of fresh grass clippings .then I hear something I cant decode perhaps a tree branch raking the shop roof next door. 第六单元1.Advocates of organic foods frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.A.announceB.denounceC.pronounceD.renounce2.If I may venture an opinion, Id say the plan needs closer examination.A.exposeB.eliminateC.expressD.export3.These photographs capture the essence of working-class life at the turn of the century. A.describeB.prescribeC.inscribeD.ascribe4.There was a preponderance of female teachers in the English department. A.dominationB.dominanceC.occupationD.regime5.Clarence had only a few fuzzy memories of his grandparents.A.ambiguousB.brightC.obscureD.blur6.What he has achieved is an extraordinary feat that would be impossible to duplicate.A.photocopyB.equalC.praiseD.describe 7.Hes stopped taking drugs now, but he may revert to taking them again. A.resortB.reduceC.restoreD.recover8.As often as not, people tend to scream under such circumstances. A.Not oftenB.VirtuallyC.RarelyD.Quite often9.What is even more important is the fact that the astronauts photographs have uncovered many things not evident at close range.A.venturedB.uploadedC.declaredD.revealed 10.The disposition of the troops on the battlefield is of paramount importance. A.arrangementB.characterC.dismissalD.recruitingTask21. What are the disadvantages of paper according to the author? Paper takes up precious space, can be in only one place at a time, is extremely hard to index or search through, and lacks all the interactivity and linking ability of hypertext.2. What are the major categories of files in an office? In the office, files can be mainly classified into hot files, documents to be acted on immediately; warm files, still active but of less urgency and cold files, documents that dont need immediate attention .3. Why is it unpleasant to read something on a computer screen? Because there are such annoyances as the relatively fuzzy type, glare , the need to scroll repeatedly, the screens relatively fixed position and so forth.4. What are the essential problems in using computers in police departments? First, the police found they spent so much time dealing with the computer interface that they fell short in listening and talking to victims, an essential activity both for offering comfort and for picking up subtle clues to what exactly had happened. Second, the goal of prompt reporting was compromised by the fact that police kept revising their reports after filing them. 5. What are the reasons for peoples chimera of going paperless according to the author? Firstly, people who can profit from the idea keep selling it to us. Secondly, all technologies come down to our trying to get what we want, what we desire . And much of what we desire comes down to talking control of our lives, doing what we please without being overwhelmed by what we dont please. 6. Why cannot computers replace paper in an office? (Use your own words) First ,paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspects reading ,writing and personal satisfaction in delivery . furthermore ,computers cant replace paper completely in some activities as air-traffic control and writing up police reports. Task 5在很长一段时间内，电子化的媒介是不可能取代纸张这样的传统媒介的。首先，由于经济条件、地理条件等各种因素的限制，不是任何人在任何地点都有电脑，都能够上网。其次，一些重要合同文书的验证，要求其独一无二的真实性，任何拷贝复制再生都是无效的。另外，文字笔迹具有独特的信息，是数字化手段代替不了的。Over a long period of time ,electronic media is unlike to replace such traditional media as paper .first of all ,not anyone can afford to have a computer and can log on the internet at any place due to financial factors ,geographical conditions and various other factors .in addition ,the verification of some important contracts requires unique authenticity .any photocopy and duplication is ineffective. whats more ,one persons handwriting contains particular information which can not be replaced by digital media.第七单元Task 21. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3) According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermine self-esteem poisons relationship and hold us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6) The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8) The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player work with and is encouraged to feel toward only half of those present.4.Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12) a)First of all, people dont know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative. b)Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes selfdoubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5.Who is to blame for competition? It is structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals , since it sets competition at the very beginning.1.She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races.A.got outB.taking awayC.got rid ofD.driving away2.One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution.A.usefulB.spitefulC.harmlessD.cheerful3.They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly.A.characterizeB.confineC.fixD.limit4.Roberts poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons.A.troublingB.followingC.complainingD.accompanying5.Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all.A.evilB.not productiveC.unfavorableD.hurting6.For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding.A.praisedB.felt maliciously satisfied withC.felt sorry forD.expressed great pleasure7.In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot.A.goodB.suitableC.fitD.favorable8.Its a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.A.state of movementB.political forceC.competing or conflicting systemD.social system9.Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions.A.overallB.directC.obscureD.ambiguous10.My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone.A.graveB.sorrowfulC.uglyD.pitifulTask 5 不管是在运动场上、商界、政界还是其他领域，人们都力争成为本领域最为优秀的人，这是竞争通常展示的人的最好的一面。事实上，公平、友好的竞争常常会产生新的体育运动成果、科学发明或者解决社会问题的有效方法。而当竞争充满敌意或是很残酷时，就可能产生对抗这就会显现出人的最恶劣的一面。“competition”usually brings out the best in people ,as they strive to be top in their field ,whether in sport ,community affairs ,politics or work.in fact ,fair and friendly competition often leads to new sporting achievements , scientific inventions or outstanding efforts in solving a community problem. When competition becomes unfriendly or bitter ,though ,conflict can begin and this can bring out the worst in people . 第九单元Task 21.What does raising their black-gloved fists in a Black Power salute in paragraph 1 demonstrate?It shows to the public that they are against Vietnam War and the racial discrimination in America.2. Why did Mossolini leave such a message to his national team in 1938 Win or die?Because he was so furious with peoples increasing resistance to his fascist regime.3.What example does the writer use to illustrate the argument nationalism going with sport can be positive?The example of a famous footballer who was supported by his religious enemy in the field.4.What does (!) in sentence1 paragraph 5 indicate?It likely hints that although fair play was originally set as one of the requirements of industrial capitalism，it never exists ,as suggested in the last sentence. 5.Can we take sport as something that transcends unfairness or inequality? Why (not)?No ,we cant .because using drugs in sport spoils one of its foundation stones fair play .1.GOES-9 will back up Japans Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5 (GMS-5), which is operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency.A.bake onB.hold backC.go back onD.support2.To understand how desperate the PC industry is to whip up buzz-and therefore sales-for its products, one need look no further than the marketing bonanza put on by Intel today in New York.A.exciteB.defeatC.beatD.urge3.In this website we call on consumers who oppose any or all of Bushs activities to boycott the brands of these companies until they undertake to cease all political funding of the current administration.A.refuseB.braceC.cancelD.give up4.It is the custom to salute the Queens birthday with twenty-one guns.A.acknowledgeB.give thanksC.honourD.respect5.People in Massachusetts are outraged by DSS agents who take children and intrude into their lives with no due process and no accountability.A.offendedB.arousedC.attackedD.defended6.A good politician always knows when to play down the tune in order to win more backup.A.turn downB.restrainC.hold upD.carry on7.The military government declared its intention of cracking down on all political activity.A.splitting suddenlyB.punishing severelyC.breaking upD.blowing up8.She has been staying up at night busting a gut over the work she has to do.A.failingB.defeatingC.trying hardD.breaking9.To possess by self-mastery the sources of love and hate is to transcend good and evil.A.go beyondB.be superior toC.exceedD.be higher than10.We liken the archaeologist to a detective searching for ancient clues.A.comparewithB.prefertoC.praiseasD.compareasTask 51.一名足球裁判因在执法比赛时射入一球而被停职。在艾塞克斯郡足协认定他的行为使那场比赛极不光彩之后，他引咎辞职。萨维尔去年执哨一场比赛时因对一支以1比18惨败的球队同情过了头而上了头条新闻。他对泰晤士报说：他们没有幽默感。我的行动给大家的生活带来了乐趣，它表明裁判工作可以是轻松愉快的，而我们也不总是吹着哨子满场飞奔的希特勒。A soccer referee suspended for scoring a goal while taking charge of a game has resigned after being found guilty of bring the game into disrepute by the Essex County Football Association .savill hit the headline last year when his sympathy for a team getting beaten 18-1 went too far .”they havent got a sense of humor ,” he told the times newspaper .”it brought enjoyment to everyones lives ”.it shpws refereeing can be enjoyable and that we are not hitlers running around blowing whistles all the time. 第十单元1.What is the writers attitude in the sentence The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health? (para. 2)The author takes a negative attitude. Usually ,the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.2.How do you understand the sentence If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn? (para. 4)If the relentless one-upmanship were only limited within very few sample groups ,it would be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception that we learn. 3.In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.4.What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners whereas men who are just unemployed may lose their marriages as well as self-esteem. 5.In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan?Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status ,but different in that modern men tend to rule consent and try to avoid fighting .6.Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?Not necessarily ,for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoid fighting.Task 21.The man amassed a great fortune during the war, but later lost all of it almost overnight. (ansSheet1)A.collectedB.obtainedC.madeD.got2.Ten federal researchers were listed as contributors, but seven of them quickly disavowed any connection with it.A.refusedB.refutedC.confusedD.denied3.Industrial labour was at last being regulated , water supplies purified, hospitals sanitised and prisons reformed.A.changedB.consideredC.fixedD.controlled4.The investment remains beyond reach for many, but the choices today are much broader and more viable than 10 years ago.A.controversialB.dirtyC.flexibleD.feasible5.There is no resolution to this conflict and two sides seem to go to war.A.decisionB.disagreementC.actionD.condition6.The small island is now visited by millions of tourists for its natural endowments of white sandy beaches and clean water.A.donationsB.qualificationsC.giftsD.quantities7.Indeed, the logic of commercialism may lead the enterprise to pursue activities at odds with other government objectives.A.go intoB.run afterC.strive forD.carry out8.First introduced in 1989, Adopt-a-Pet aims to highlight the plight of abandoned animals and encourage more responsible pet ownership.A.brokenB.desertedC.run-downD.stolen9.As the King got older, he became convinced that his family were scheming against him.A.plottingB.planningC.orderingD.arguing10.The chinese football team outscored its opponent by two balls.A.overcameB.outsetC.succeededD.wonTask 51.成吉思汗出生于1162年。他的父亲是一个很小的蒙古头领，给他取名铁木真，这是一个战败了的敌对头领的名字。铁木真年轻的时候，在一次敌对部落的袭击中被俘虏，他的脖子上套了一个木制的枷锁。这种极度无助使他逐渐成为世界上权利最大的人。Genghis Khan was born in 1162 .his father, a petty Mongol chieftain, named him Temujin ,after a defeated rival chieftain .when he was a young man ,he was captured in a raid by rival tribe .a wooden collar was placed around his neck .from this extremity of hopeless ,temujin rose t