考研英语被动语态翻译技巧.doc

乐考无忧，为您的考研之路保驾护航！考研英语被动语态翻译技巧在英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍使用，但大多数句子都使用主动语态，在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。主动和被动语态的对比：主动语态被动语态一般现在时isamaredo/does(V.V.s)amisare+done(V. p.p)一般将来时willbe going tobe (about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V. p.p)一般过去时wasweredid(V.-ed)waswere+done(V. p.p)现在进行时amisare+doing(V.-ing)amisare+doing+done(V. p.p)过去进行时waswere+doing(V.-ing)waswere+doing+done(V.p.p)现在完成时havehas+done(V. p.p.)havehas+been+done(V. p.p)过去完成时had+done(V. p.p.)had+been+done(V. p.p.)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+done(V. p.p.)过去将来时would/should +V.would/should be + done(V. p.p.)翻译时有以下几种翻译方法：译成汉语被动句：使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为所”等词。增加主语，即动作的实际发出者，或虚拟发出者。译成汉语无主句另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法，需要平时积累，比如：It is hoped that. 希望，有人希望It is assumed that. 假设，假定It is claimed that. 据说，有人主张It is believed that. 有人想信，大家相信It is reported that. 据报道，据通报It is considered that. 人们认为，据估计It is said that. 据说，有人说【真题例句】It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.【解析】It is imagined by many /that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, /and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.主句：it is imagined，其中it为形式主语，而that引导的 that the operations. compared with these processes和that they have to . special training是并列的主语从句，为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined，be compared和be required，译成汉语都变成了主动表达：“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为：（1）It is imagined by many 此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理，译为“很多人认为”。（2）that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法，并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程（科学家的思维过程）相比”。（3）and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此处所用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法，译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。【参