英语3级阅读技巧.doc

关于阅读理解题的解题的得分技巧说明：在做阅读题时，在不会做的情况下，建议尝试以下提供的技巧，即使自己做出的阅读题，也可以借鉴这些技巧进行参考。但有一点需要强调，技巧尽管经常有效，但最好不要机械的照搬，自己会做的尽量自己做。只有在不会做或拿不准的情况下充分利用这些技巧。为了使考生充分领悟，我结合历年的真题给演示。可以拿出真题进行核对。 阅读，一般来说你得把文章读懂才能做题，但三级考试做题的关键不在于读文章，而在于分析题目。把题目分析好，再结合我后面说的这几条。第一个，三级考试所承载的是阅读文章的内容，所以要求你在考试做题时一定要充分利用自己的百科和背景知识。二，这些文章无非就是两个目的，一个目的是教人向善，教人干好事，向正面方向发展。第二，传播知识而不是歪门邪道。为什么这个讲法呢，你在选项里面如果是违法了基本的伦理道德违法了常识性的东西，这个选项一般是错的。打个比方说，看这个08年11月份这个卷子，看第二篇文章关于吸烟，看这些题目甚至不用看文章根据常识都能做出题。比如第6题，All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that-.A. an employer smokes while working in the officeB. a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC. a worker smokes while working in the workshopD. a worker smokes while reading in the train就是说在工作时吸烟，所以的情况除了哪个是在工作时吸烟，那很简单是D 。其他的A一个老板在办公室吸烟，那肯定A是在工作时吸烟。B一个出租车司机在开车的时候吸烟，C一个工人在车间里吸烟，那都是在工作时吸烟。所以说，这个连文章都不用读。同样的，7、8、9、10都是一样的，9更可笑，Passive smoking means-A. never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillinglyB. never-smokers have to put up with the active smokersC. never-smokers take in smoke released by a lit cigaretteD. never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers被动吸烟意味着，那肯定选D。第10 题，in the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning(禁止)on-the-job smoking so as to-A. cut down costs of medical care and insuranceB. create a healthy and safe working environmentC. prevent eye-irritation from becoming a big health problemD. improve the smoking employees work efficiency工作时禁止吸烟它的目的是什么，那很简单，就是B创造一个健康安全的工作环境。就是说一定要充分利用常识。文章读不读谁都知道吸烟怎么样怎么样。这个呢，把问题分析好了后不用看文章都能做出题。另外，我再讲个例子。09年4月份第5题，它问的是什么呢，最后一段的主旨大意是什么，The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should-A. differ from others in as many way as possibleB. become popular with othersC. find his real selfD. rebel against his parent and the popularity wave说青少年应该怎么样,D说青少年应该rebel against his parent and the popularity wave应该反叛他们的父母，这甚至是违反伦理的，哪有作者教孩子应该和人父母作对的，是不是？通常说和父母沟通但不能和父母作对，这个是违反伦理的。教人向善不可能是这个。再看A. differ from others in as many way as possible就是说要尽可能与众不同，怎么能说尽可能让青少年和别人不一样呢，是不是？事实上这些是违反人的基常识和规律的。再看第14个，第14个According to Eijkman, polished rice-A. was cheaper than unpolished riceB. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished riceC. was more nourishing than unpolished riceD. cured “beri-beri”他如果懂得polished rice(精米)他就不可能选A,谁都知道精米比粗米要贵。类似于这样的东西一定要充分利用自己的常识。这是做题要注意的一点。要充分利用自己的百科和背景知识。另外，要注意选项的长度。4个选项最长的那个是正确答案现在看来这个比例还是比较大的。不是100%。我们讲技巧是让学生认识到，我给你说这个是让你做题的成功可能性更高，而不是完全靠这个就把所有问题解决了。09年4月的题看下，1、2、6、8、9、14都是最长的选项是正确的。总共15个题占了6个。在选的时候长的这个要先考虑。08年的这个最长的选项是答案所占的比例非常高，占了近50%.另外，表示极端的，基本上像含有only, no, every这些选项要慎选。再打个比方看着第3题，Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. There is no popularity that really counts.B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority.C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same.一看就是A不对，为什么呢，因为它有no太绝对了。再看第5个，A. differfrom others in as many way as possible这个也是太极端，一看就是不对的。再看第8个，According to Paragraph 2, without computer-A. human activities could not continueB. there could not be weather forecasting systemsC. many activities would have to change their present formD. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing看A. human activities could not continue人类行为不能进行。第二项，there could not be weather forecasting systems将会没有天气预报系统，这也是人的背景知识，表示极端的，为什么呢，没有计算机人就不活动了？没有计算机以前人不少照样活动吗？同样，人没有计算机前就没有天气预报吗？D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing说银行，银行早就有了，计算机才有多长时间的事？这个很容易把它排除了。再看第9According to the passage, what results from the information of computers?A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activitie其中A After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.和C The firm keeps all of its original staff members.这种表述极端的一般都排除掉。再看15题，The chemical substance missing from polished rice-A. was vitamin BB. did not affect the chickensC. was named the Eijkman vitaminD. has never been accurately identifiedD. has never been accurately identified这个选项一看就是错的。 另外，如果有两个选项意义恰好相反，一般答案就在这里。14题，According to Eijkman, polished rice-A. was cheaper than unpolished riceB. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished riceC. was more nourishing than unpolished riceD. cured “beri-beri”B选项和C选项两个正好相反，这个里面一般来说答案就在这两个当中的一个。08年11月也有类似这样的，看第6题，All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that-.A. an employer smokes while working in the officeB. a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC. a worker smokes while working in the workshopD. a worker smokes while reading in the trainC和D 两个选项，一个 smokes while working，一个smokes while reading。像这个一般答案就在这里。我的意思就是一定要分析选项，分析题干。我再选一个例子，09年4月第1题，第一题是主旨大意题，全文的主旨大意题，1. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to tell-A. readers how to be popular with people aroundB. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselvesC. parents how to control and guide their childrenD. people how to understand and respect each other问作者的写作目的是为了告诉谁怎么样，这个题目你看文章是给谁写的，看第1段，At your age, you ought to be growing away from your parents.”you”.”your”是谁啊，就是青少年。所以说告诉谁，看A、B、C、D四个选项，从A readers, B. teenagers, C parents, D people这四个词判断出答案为B。因为它不是告诉读者的，也不是告诉父母的，也不是告诉人们的， 是告诉青少年的。再看第2题，According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them-A. have much difficulty understanding each otherB. lack confidenceC. dare not cope with any problems aloneD. are very much afraid of getting lost这个题前后的题干According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of them-已经包含了答案。为什么说已经包含了答案呢，前半部分many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own，后面部分有了but in fact most of them，表转折，一转折，选项肯定和它相反的，哪一个和它相反呢，就是C， 别的都不行。A，大家相互理解有困难。C，没有信心。D，害怕走路走丢了。从题干不用读文章就知道是C。然后再看到第3个，Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. There is no popularity that really counts.B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority.C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same.我们刚才说了，一看到绝对的词A. no popularity是错误的，就是它。 看第5个，The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should-A. differ from others in as many way as possibleB. become popular with othersC. find his real selfD. rebel against his parent and the popularity waveA不对，D也肯定不对，就是在B和C两个选项中。所以说研究题目题干也很重要。通过研究题干要干什么事情？第一个，先确定重点选项，看哪个最有可能。确定好题目类型。接着看第6题，The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from-A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introductionB. their use as part of automated production systemsC. the least possible number of operatorsD. the production system in steelworkers对电脑不友好的感觉来自于什么，这是题干。选项第1，最长的这个说因为有了计算机有可能导致大规模的失业，因为什么呢，计算机来了，它们可以干好多事情，这个从常识上来说这是个好事情，因为它们能干好多事情，人们能省力了，那干嘛要对它有不好的感情呢。C，the least possible number of operators，减少操作员，省人了为什么不好呢？B，their use as part of automated production systems，它们作为自动化生产系统的一部分。然后D又说在生产系统里的钢铁工人。为什么人们对它们不友好呢？因为它们把人的工作代替了，导致人失业。所以选A。再看第8，According to Paragraph 2, without computer-A human activities could not continueB.there could not be weather forecasting systemsC.many activities would have to change their present formD.banks would not be able to go on with check clearing刚才我已经说了，A、B、D不合情理。说没有计算机人就不活动，没有计算机就没有天气预报，没有计算机银行就不工作了？那都不合理吧？所以说答案只能是C。 再看下面一题，第9题，According to the passage, what results from the information of computers?A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activitiesA和C 它怎么可能经过培训之后所有人都找到新的工作呢？“所有的”这样的词一般是不对。只有B和D有可能，但是呢，D又比B要长一点，根据经验我们会选D。再看下面一篇，讲食物的，一看这篇文章，讲维他命。第11题A good mixed diet-A. normally contains enough vitaminsB. still needs special provision of vitaminsC. is suitable for losing weightD. is composed of fruits and vegetables很快可把C和D排除掉，就剩下A和B.再看12The disease “beri-beri”-A. kills large numbers of Eastern peoplesB. is a vitamin deficiency(缺乏) diseaseC. is caused by diseased riceD. can be caught from diseased chickens又是维他命的，B，其他连考都不考虑。它讲维他命的事吗，因为文章一开始就说”The vitamins necessary for a healthy body “.下面一个13题说，The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard-A. couldnt digest the polished riceB. proved “beri-beri” is caused by germsC. were later cooked for the patients foodD. were suffering from “beri-beri”这些一个说它不能消化又说是因为病菌引起的，肯定不对，但这篇文章都是在讲维他命的。C项文章没提到，所以只能选D。第14题，According to Eijkman, polished rice-A. was cheaper than unpolished riceB. was less nourishing(有营养的)than unpolished riceC. was more nourishing than unpolished riceD. cured “beri-beri”B和C这两个选项正好相反。其实我们如果知道粗米，原来大家不都知道这个事吗，米淘洗了以后缺少维生素，然后人德脚气。还记得吗？就这个事。这是人的常识，咱们都知道的。 下面15题，The chemical substance missing from polished rice-A. was vitamin BB. did not affect the chickensC. was named the Eijkman vitaminD. has never been accurately identified还是讲维他命的。根据我们常识说，得脚气就是因为维他命B。这个还用阅读文章吗？所以说做阅读题要研究题干，充分利用你的背景知识。综合来说，做阅读理解，第一，浏览全文，搞清楚这篇文章讲什么，弄清文章意思。就像那个讲维他命的，搞清楚讲维他命缺乏就行了。第二点，研读题目。仔细地研读题目再确定题干内容和重点。你看08年11月第1题，Who first thought of using bullocks to provide energy?A. Indian energy officialsB. Scientists in India.C. Officials in the United Nations.D. Researchers in European它问谁先想到用它来提供能量，这个很容易知道是B嘛。下面一个2 Which kind of job that the bullocks do is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. pulling vehiclesB. plowing fieldsC. pumping water out of wellsD. carrying food baskets实际上bullocks是一种动物，它提供能量，它提供这个能量干什么呀，看这4个选项，A拉运输工具，B耕地，C从井里取水，D背着食物筐。哪一个？哪一个需要能源？这个vehicles就是汽车呀，驱动汽车需不需要能源？耕地需不需要？从井里取水需不需要？都需要。就背食物它不需要。 第三题，Why are bullocks used to provide energy in India?A. because bullocks have long been used by Indian people.B. Because bullocks walk slowly and are easy to control.C. Because there are few non-working bullocks in India.D. Because there is not enough oil in India.为什么在那里（印度）用bullocks提供能源？A因为这个小牛长期以来就被印度人使用，这个选项可以排除因为第一句话就说印度科学家发明了一个东西，发明的就不是原来的，对不对？B更不行，它说小牛走得慢控制也容易，那老牛不是走得更慢？C说在印度没有多少不工作的牛，这个完全不搭边。只有D，因为印度没有足够的石油，所以在没有足够石油的情况下只好用小牛。第4题，In the sentence”This simple technology is centuries old” in paragraph one, “This simple technology” refers to-A. using bullocks to produce energyB. using pumps to draw water outC. having bullocks walk around to make the pump moveD. connecting gears of different sizes to produce electricity这个简单的技术有几个世纪长了，这个“simple technology”指的什么呢？就是C，牛围着跑就是让它发电。第5题，Which of the following is true about the device mentioned in the passage?A. It has a large gear and a smaller gear.B. Its easy to use, but difficult to move.C. Its quite cheap.D. Its still being tested.这个device就是那个发明，这个一看就是D。 第6题，All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that-.A. an employer smokes while working in the officeB. a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC. a worker smokes while working in the workshopD. a worker smokes while reading in the train这个讲过的，C和D哪一个不是on-the-job smoking，A，雇主在办公室吸烟，B，出租车司机开车时吸烟，C，工人在车间吸烟。这几个都是工作时吸烟。 第7题，According to the passage, on-the-job smoking affects an empoyees performance in the office that-A. he cant concentrate on what he is doing while smo