题型训练2完形填空.doc

题型训练2 完形填空 完形填空通过有目的、有计划地破坏短文中段与段、句与句之间内在的逻辑关系，在语篇中测试学生的综合语言运用能力。 完形填空短文难度适中，长度一般在120-260词之间，留出10-15个空白处，每空1分。设空注重在语境中考查词义。备选答案三至四个（单词为主、词组为辅），一般属同一词类，同一范畴，而且往往都与前后的词构成某种搭配，有很大的迷惑性和干扰性。 中考完形填空体裁以记叙文为主，题材涉及日常生活、人物故事、社会人文。选材新颖、语言地道、注重材料的思想性和趣味性。首句保持完整，不挖空，给学生留出一个完整的信息句。主要考查实词，包括动词、名词、形容词和副词，虚词考查为辅。要求考生在理解全文大意的基础上，从词义辨析、词语搭配、词法和句法等方面做发散性思维，此外还考查篇章理解能力、逻辑推理和分析判断能力，即在整体理解的基础上，分别利用前暗示、后暗示和综合分析，联系上下文和常识做合乎逻辑的分析与判断。【解题技巧】1. 确认关键词，理顺思考线索 短文中句与句、段与段之间往往有表达其内在联系的短语和逻辑关系词，如连接词、代词、插入语、转折词等，它们是提供语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。如表示并列关系的词有：and, or等；表示转折关系的有：but, while, however等；表示因果关系的有：because, so, as, since, because of等；表示条件关系的有：if, whether等；表示顺序关系的有：first, second, finally, then, next等；表示时间关系的有now, later, before, after, when, yet等。在答题时，若能“慧眼识词”，就能迅速理清文章脉络，抓准主旨大意。 例1：Chinese is also difficult for me, but we shouldnt 48 . (07厦门) 48. A. give up B. turn down C. go over 首先确认but这个关键词，在句中是个转折关系的语篇标志语。再根据短语辨析，A项表示放弃；B项表示拒绝；C项表示复习。通读句子，应选A。 2把握上下文的内在联系，确定最佳选项 完形填空题的逻辑性很强，前后内容往往相互照应或相互限定。忽视上下文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。若单凭一句句、一段段孤立地作答，结果必定会出现连锁反应，一错再错，错连一串。因此，考生在做完形填空的过程中，应学会边读边在大脑中储藏上下文的信息。信息提示有时在前，有时在后。 例2：Later I asked, “Why did you dial the number 52 ?” She smiled, “My parents are old. They cant get close to the telephone 53 .” (07厦门) 52. A. once B. twice C. several times D. many time 53. A. lonely B. slowly C. quietly D. quickly 52题的信息提示出现在前面。做题的关键在于：考生要对前面“拨了两次电话”的信息在大脑中进行储存，这样就很容易得到答案B。53题的信息可从上文“我父母年纪大了”推断出父母行动迟缓。因此，他们无法迅速过来接听电话。”答案选择D。 3根据词语固定搭配和习惯用法解题 词的惯用法与固定搭配是完形填空题考查的重点之一，答题时要多从惯用语和固定搭配的角度去考虑问题，特别是动词的用法和各种搭配关系。平时要多读、多记，对所学习语或固定搭配牢固掌握，并能灵活运用。 例3：“To stop someone from stealing the trees, I 45 them up six days ago. I have hidden ( 藏) them for almost a week!” (08青海) 45. A. sent B. pulled C. put D. picked 考生只要弄懂up在这里与pull搭配，表示“拔起来”，就可以迅速选B。 4利用语法分析解题 完形填空中也有题目是考查语法知识的。解答这类题，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点，对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作何成分，哪类词合适，应采取什么形式等进行必要的分析思考，以便迅速解题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气及如何与其它词类配合使用等一系列问题。 例4：When they were ready to take her away, they were surprised to find that a baby in her arm was 46 alive. The baby was sleeping and 47 hurt at all. (08重庆) 46. A. still B. often C. never D. not 47. A. is B. isnt C. was D. wasnt be still alive常搭配使用，表示“还活着”，因此，46题很容易选择A。第47题可从The baby was sleeping 判断时态是过去时，故后半句从语法上考虑时态应和上半句保持一致；再从上文的surprised这个词就可以选择出该题的答案为D。 5排除错误，正确选择 有时碰到某个选项含义或用法不甚明了，但发现其它选项有显而易见的错误，这时可用排除法：按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文意思、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项检查验证，排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。 例5：Her mother was getting old and still 48 the daughter. (06福建) 48. A. looked for B. looked over C. looked at 根据上下文可得知：尽管她母亲年纪越来越大了，却还一直在寻找她的女儿。looked over忽视，忽略，looked at看见，在这里不符合文章意思，可排除。looked for寻找，符合上下文。 6. 研读细节，准确认定语境，摆脱定向思维干扰 有时学习方法不当，老师又对某些知识点进行了过度强调，就会盲目就“空”论“空”。如看到自己比较熟悉的句子、短语等语法结构，便不假思索地去选，正好“误入歧途”。其实，从出题特点来看，每个选择项并不是一种单纯的词汇辨析，因为从语法角度分析，每个选项都正确，而能否恰如其分地传达文意才是解题的关键。 例6：One morning, Sue was riding her bike to school. She was late, so she decided to take a shortcut (捷径). But she made a mistake and 46 into a one-way street. (05厦门) 46. A. walked B. looked C. turned D. drove 此题若仅看前面的riding，有些同学容易思维定势，选择drove这个词。但仔细推敲语境，本题应该是：Sue为了走捷径却不小心把车拐入一个单行道里。应选C。 7. 发挥逻辑思维能力，挖掘文章寓意、隐意 近年来完形填空以叙事为主，内容贴近生活，表层意思易于理解，所以容易给学生造成一种假象，产生轻敌心理。因此，解题时不仅要明确文章的表层意义，更要挖掘文章的深层含义，做到“表里如一”。 例7：There is one interesting thing to note some scientists say bodies can do an amazing job on their own when you have a cold, so taking medicine isnt actually 48 for you. The virus stays in you 49 because your body doesnt have a way to kill it by itself. (09厦门) 48. A. bad B. good C. serious49. A. longer B. shorter C. fewer 答48、49题时要注意领悟文章的深层意义。答案选项看似都可以接受，其实，从文章上下文和语篇层次来解答，这里只有B和A符合文意，使文章逻辑通顺。【解题步骤】1重视首尾，把握全文 首先浏览文章的首句和尾句，把握文章大意。2跳空猜读，了解大意 “跳空速读”，边猜边想，弄清各段落、各层次之间的内在联系。具体方法是：不看选项，凭语感，依上傍下，通读全文，在整体层面上领悟“残缺的”语篇大意，初步猜选出浅易的答案，若恰好是选项之一或是其同义词，则十有八九是正确答案。3瞻前顾后，领悟语境 完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越注重语境，逐步淡化了语法，即把具体的语言知识融入具体的语言情景中去，通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，以此来考查考生对文章的整体把握能力。解题时要快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文语境来选择答案。先易后难，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”；若有的选项没有把握，可暂时先搁一下，往下看，往往会“柳暗花明”。4复读全文，全面验证。 做完题目后，不管对全文是否已有豁然开朗之感，或还是依然似懂非懂，都要复读全文，验证答案。复查时要从语篇层次和语法层次两个角度考虑。特别要注意，是选择“最佳”而不只是“正确”答案。在检查时要注意：（1）上下文的一致性。（2）从语义、惯用法及词性搭配，甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文逻辑2013年各地中考英语真题-完形填空专项训练（含答案）1【2013湖北黄石】. 完形填空（每小题1分，共10分）D 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Growing up is not always easy. When we face difficulties, a spirit of depending on _ 41 is more useful than crying for help. Thats what Hong Zhanhuis story of growing from boy to man 42 family hardship tells us.Hong was born in 1982 in a poor family in Xihua County(县), Henan Province. When he was only 11, his father became badly ill and one day he came back with an unwanted baby 43 . A year later, Hongs mother 44 home. She no longer wanted to live such a poor life and face her sick husband. So everything hard fell onto the young boys 45 : to take care of his father and the younger sister Chenchen, and to go on to study.Although his life was hard, Hong didnt go away from his father and sister. He took several part-time jobs to 46 his family. He climbed tall trees to get birds eggs for his sister. He walked 2 hours at weekends to the market to 47 different things to sell around his school. A few years later, he studied at a college. To take care of Chenchen, he worked hard to 48 a room near his college for her, and sent her to school.After Hongs story went 49 , he became a hero in peoples eyes. But Hong _50_ offers from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.Through his hard life, he has grown up from boy to man.( ) 41. A. parentsB. friends C. yourself D. God( ) 42. A. out of B. into C. without D. with( ) 43. A. dogB. cat C. girl D. boy( ) 44. A. leftB. arrived C. went D. came( ) 45. A. backB. shoulders C. head D. body( ) 46. A. helpB. save C. protect D. feed( ) 47. A. makeB. buy C. produce D. collect( ) 48. A. buildB. borrow C. rent D. share( ) 49. A. publicB. clear C. by D. far( ) 50. A. acceptedB. asked C. received D. refused2IV【2013山东济南】完形填空 阅读短文， Anne is a newspaper reporter. She chose this _ 56 so she could travel around the world. The work has taught her many unforgettable lessons. She has seen wars, earthquakes and death. But she has 57 seen courage, hope and happiness.Last year, she won an award for her reporting in Africa. She was very proud 58 it. At first, she thought she got the award because of her good work. But then she realized that she should thank many other people for 59 help.Anne was born in Jamaica. Her family was not poor, but it was not 60 , either. Her parents had to 61 hard so that she could go to school. At school, Anne was not a good student, 62 she enjoyed writing because her English teacher said, “Anne, you are a wonderful 63 .” The teacher encouraged her all the time.Later, Anne went to university in Canada and then 64 for a job. It was very difficult. Then, one day, she went to see the editor of a newspaper in Ottawa. The editor gave her a job. “Everyone needs a 65 at first.” He said.56. A. book B. job C. sweater D. picture 57. A. still B. never C. also D. only58. A. to B. of C. for D. from59. A. my B. his C. our D. their60. A. rich B. new C. small D. big61. A. study B. walk C. work D. play62. A. but B. if C. because D. so63. A. farmer B. nurse C. doctor D. writer 64. A. looked B. made C. joined D. found 65. A. ticket B. hobby C. chance D. habit3【2013湖北孝感】V. 完形填空 Mr. Black was over fifty years old. He sometimes made some mistakes in his work, and he lost his work. So he had_41_time every day to do something. Then he often met his old friends under a big tree. They had drunk there and _ 42_ anything they liked. One day, some old men were sitting together again and talking about young people in this world .They all agreed that the old people were_43_than young people. Then one of the old _44_ said that young men were stronger than old men. _45_of them agreed that this was true, _46_ Mr. Black didnt. He said No, I am as strong now as when I was a young man. His friends were surprised _47_what he said. Well. said Mr. Black. Near my house there is a big stone. When l was a young man, l used _48_ to move it. but l couldnt because l was not _ 49_ I am an old man now , and when I try to move it, I still _ . So I am as strong as when I was young.”41. A .many B. a lot C. lots of D. lot 42. A. talked for B. talked to C. talked with D. talked about43. A. clever B. cleverer C. cleverest D. a clever44. A. man B. woman C. men D. women45. A. All B. None C. Both D. Neither46. A. so B. or C. and D. but47. A. at B. to C. of D. on48. A. trying B. try C. to try D. to trying49. A. strong enough B. enough strong C. weak enough D. enough weak50. A. can B. cant C. could D. couldnt 4【2013湖北襄阳】三.完形填空Lang Lang is a world-class young pianist who grew up in Shenyang. He went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight. You need fortune (运气), his father said. But 41 you work hard, no fortune will come.What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didnt like him. You have no 42 . You will never be a pianist. As an eight-year-old boy, Lang Lang was badly 43 . He decided that he didnt want to be a pianist any more. For the next two weeks he didnt touch the piano. Wisely (明智地) his father didnt 44, but wait.Luckily, the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didnt want to, but as he placed his fingers on the piano keys, he 45 he could show other people that he had the ability to do it well. That day he told his father that he wanted to 46 with a new teacher. From that point on, everything turned around.He started 47 competitions. In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition when it was announced that Lang Lang had won, he was too 48 to hold back his tears. Soon it was clear that he couldnt stay in China foreverhe had to play on the worlds big stages. In 1997 Lang Lang 49 again, this time to Philadelphia, U. S.There he spent two years practicing and by 1999 he had worked hard enough for fortune to take over. After his 50 performance at Chicagos Raviniu Festival, gigs(演奏会) in Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall started pouring in. Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots (找到) him, and lets him shine.41. A. ifB. unless C. when D. since42. A. pianoB. knowledgeC. fortuneD. talent43. A. hurtB. illC. brokenD. scared44. A. hearB. pushC. eatD. sleep45. A. realizedB. explainedC. forgotD. noticed46. A. argueB. danceC. studyD. interview47. A. winningB. beatingC. watchingD. refusing48. A. annoyedB. madC. tiredD. excited49. A. startedB. leftC. movedD. performed50. A. helpfulB. meaningfulC. successfulD. useful5【2013河南】先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并将其标号填入题前括号内。King Akbar was in the habit of putting riddles and puzzles to his people. He often asked 36 which were strange. His people had to use words in a 37 way to answer these questions. Once he asked a very strange question. He looked at his people. 38 he looked, one by one the heads began to hang low in search of an answer. It was at this moment that Birbal entered the palace. Birbal 39 the habit of the king. He understood the 40 at once and asked, May I know the question so that I can 41 for an answer?Akbar said, How many crows (乌鸦)are there in this city? 42 even a moments thought, Birbal replied There are fifty thousand five hundred and eighty nine crows, my lord. How can you be so 43 ?” asked Akbar.Birbal said, Make you men 44 , My lord. If you find more crows it means some have come to visit their relatives(亲戚) here. If you 45 crows it means some have gone to visit their relatives elsewhere. Akbar was pleased very much by Birbals wise answer.( )36. A. questions B. help C. promise D. advice( ) 37. A. common B. friendly C. Clever D. silent( ) 38. A. Though B. Because C. If D. As( ) 39. A. knew B. developed C. hated D. doubted( ) 40. A. order B. Information C. Danger D. situation( ) 41.A.ask B. wait C. try D. reach( ) 42. A. Before B. Without C. Through D. In( ) 43. A. smart B. brave C. fanny D sure( ) 44 A. catch B. discuss C. count D. visit( )45. A. fewer B. larger C. faster D. older6【2013河北】VI. 完形填空(共10小题，每小题1分，计10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The most positive(乐观的)person I have ever seen is my dad! He is so positive that I do not _46_hearing a single word from him which is related (相关的) to hopelessness!Unlike most mums and dads, my dad never says things that make me feel_47_. He is always there to give me encouragement and help. _48_1 do wrong things, he always tells me whats right in a positive way. For example, if I am in_49_, he often tells me to open the books he bought me. Then he asks me to read the_50_that can help me with the problems Im facing. After that, we have a_51_together.Even though Im not always a good kid, my dad_52_shouts or gets angry with me. I know that hes_53_ a daya day when I grow up and understand things in my life. I can see the reason that he is so positive is because he believes in_54_.And he believes that whatever_55_, it is under control. So we have nothing to worry about. Be positive!46. A. mind B. keep C. like D. remember47. A. good B. bad C. rich D. poor48. A. When B. Until C. Before D. Since49. A. fear B. trouble C. surprise D. danger 50. A. titles B. orders C. stories D. questions51. A. discussion B. practice C. meeting D. review52. A. usually B. ever C. sometimes D. never53. A. looking for B. worrying about C. waiting for D. thinking about54. A. itself B. myself C. himself D. yourself55. A. moves B. happens C. appears D. develops 7【2013广西玉林】(二完形填空（毎小题1分，共10分 Mr. Smith is a successful man. He is very rich. He lives in a big city now. Last month he came back to his hometown. 41 people knew him, because be left there when he was a child. And when be stopped near a 42 house, he saw an old woman sitting in the sun enjoying herself. Her 43 were closed and she didnt notice there was a man looking at her carefully.Aunt, Mr Smith called out, “Aunt!”The old woman didnt believe her nephew (侄子）had come to see her. She was very glad and excited. Tears (泪水) 44 her face. Thirty years! It was for thirty years that she hadnt seen him. As a 45 boy in the small village, he was always hungry and had little food to eat. So he went to city to find a 46 . He didnt come back after that. So he couldnt see his parents and his aunt 47 .Mr Smith had only a holiday. He asked some neighbors to repair his Mints small old home. He never forgot his teacher, Mt Green, who often helped him 49 be got into trouble. So he went to the school.“ 50 I see Mr. Green, sir? ” he asked an old man at the school gate(门口).“Oh, sorry, you cant.” answered the man.“But why? What happened to him?”“He died two years ago!”Mr. Smith felt very sad when he heard the news. What a pity! He could never say thanks to Mr. Green.41. A. Many B. Lots of C. A few D. Few42. A. small B. big C. nice D. beautiful43. A. eye B. mouth C. eyes D. mouths44. A. run downB. ran down C. run away D. ran away45. A. twelve-year-old B. twelve-years-old C. twelve years old D. twelve year old46. A. work B. jobs C. job D. works47. A. any longer B. no longer C. not more D. no more 48. A. week B. weeks C. weeks D. weeks49. A. where B. how C. when D. while50. A. Can B. Shall C. Will D. Must8【2013四川宜宾】第三节：完形填空 （本节10小题，每题1分，共10分） It was my first day at Grade 6. And the first lesson was 41 English. When I was doing nothing, Mr. Gough, our new English teacher, 42 into the classroom. To my surprise, he held up a book, The Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, and asked if anyone 43 it . I put my hand up ,because Poe was my favorite writer .Mr. Gough asked if I really understood 44 the author tried to say in his book .My reply made him smile ,and he asked me 45 an essay on that subject.After that, English classes became a new interest for me .Mr. Gough thought that students had to 46 a play to understand it. “Dont just read it,” he said.As