定语从句练习NewAttributiveClause.doc

Attributive Clause定语从句一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。三、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1. who, whom用于指人, who 用作主语, whom用作宾语, (关系代词who/whom 可用that代替) 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who在从句中作主语）在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom在从句中作宾语）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略；但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： This is the house (which) we lived in last year. = This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me (whom) you borrowed the English novel from. = Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 （2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 He is the lovely baby whom my grandma takes care of. 他就是我外婆照顾得可爱的婴儿。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。= The city in which she lives is very far away. 2. whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语; 若指物，它还可以同of which互换They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (=of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略 (关系代词which 可用that 代替)The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which/that） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）4. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）注意 （1）关系词只能用that的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which. He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which. Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which. This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that. Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （2）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that. Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that. This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that. Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 四、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1. when, where, why （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。 This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。 This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。（4）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2. that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。五、判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。六、as引导的定语从句 1. the same as；suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. 定语从句语法专项训练1. I still remember the night _ I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr. Black is going to Beijing in October, _ is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _ I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day _we spent together.6. This is the school _ I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place _we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place _ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _ is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _ lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai, _ live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing, _ is the capital of China.13. There was a time _ there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _ you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _ I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago _ he first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _ I saw you, I recognized you.18. This is the very novel about _ weve talked so