情态动词的推测性用法1.doc

高三英语专题复习情态动词的推测性用法 一、常用来表示推测的情态动词有:1. can 问，否。“可能” can也可以用于肯定句中，但这种可能性往往具有一般性，说话人是按常理在进行推测,表示“逻辑上或理论上的的可能”，不表示事实上的可能。而must, may/might, could, should则是根据说话人当时的具体情况进行推测。例如： Mr White is in poor health. He can be ill at any moment.怀特先生身体很差，他随时会生病。Im confident that a solution can be found. 我相信会找到解决办法的。Martin may be able to help. 也许马丁会帮忙的。2. could问，否，肯 “可能” cant / couldnt “不可能”3. may/might 肯，否 “可能” may not/ might not “可能不”4. must 肯 “一定，必定”5. should 肯。表示可能性较大的推测. “应该，估计”。二、表示推测的情态动词后可以接“have done”, “be doing” 和“do”三种。（一）、用“情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测。1. must have done 用于肯定句，表示“过去一定”，“一定已经”。 Her father thought that she must have met a fairy她父亲认为她一定碰上了仙女。 They must have studied English for years 他们学习英语肯定有几年了。2. can/could have done用于问句，否定句中，表示“可能已经”. 但could have done还可用于肯定句中，“本来能够”。 Where can John have put the matches？ He cant have thrown them away 约翰会把火柴放在哪儿呢？他不可能把火柴扔掉的。Can I have lost the key? I cant /couldnt have lost it. I never drop things.You could have got up earlier. 你本可以早点起床的。3. may/ might have done用于肯定句, 否定句中,表示“或许/可能已经”。而might have done还可以表示 “本来可以（而没有）”的意思。You may have left your glasses at the office 你可能把眼镜忘在办公室了。She may have missed her train 她可能没有赶上火车。 I dont know why he is late，he might have had an accident 我不知道他为何迟到，可能遇上了事故。 You might have told me earlier. 你本可以早点告诉我。You might have been more careful.注意其他需要掌握的几个情态完成结构：4. should have done=ought to have done 表示“本该，而没有”shouldnt have done=oughtnt to have done表示“本该，而却”Look! What youve done? You should have been more careful.Your brothers failed in English again. You ought to have given him more help.That young has made so much noise that he shouldnt have been allowed to attend the concert.We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.5neednt have done表示“本不必却已经做了” Mary neednt have cooled. Look , the restaurant is almost empty. The train was ten minutes late, so I neednt have run all the way from my house to the station.6had better have done表示“当时最好做了某事”，用于事后的建议，含有责备的口吻。 had better not have done表示“当时最好没有做某事”。 You had better have done the work earlier. You had better not praised her for it.7would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，有“后悔”之意。 would rather not have done表示“当时宁愿没有做某事”, 有“后悔”之意。 I would rather have followed her advice. I raised objections at the conference, but now I would rather not have not done that.（二）、用“情态动词+be doing”则表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 1. He might be reading a newspaper now 他可能正在看报纸。 2. He cant be working at this hour 这个时候他肯定不会在工作。3. They must be talking about us on the radio right now 此刻，他们一定在电台里谈论我们的情况。（三）、用“情态动词+do”有两种情况：如果 “do”是状态动词，则表示对现在状态的推测。如果 “do”是动作动词，则表示对将来动作的推测。 1. Mary must have some problem ，she keeps crying玛丽不停地哭，一定有了麻烦。 2. I saw that the camel must be blind in the right eye 我知道这只骆驼右眼肯定瞎了。 3. Our team must win the game（Im sure that our team will win the game） 我们队肯定能赢这场比赛。 4. It might rain this evening (Its possible that it will rain this evening) 今天傍晚天可能要下雨。 5. That cant be the postman，its only seven oclock 才七点钟，不可能是邮递员。Exercises：1Hurry up，our teacher _ for us at the school gate Amust be waiting Bmust wait Cmight waiting Dcan be waiting 2She doesnt answer the doorbell，she _be asleep Amight to Bmight Cmust have Dshould 3“What has happened to George ？”“I dont know，he _lost” Acan have got Bmay have got Cmight get Dcould get 4Mr Li _ be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago Aneednt Bcant Cshouldnt Dmustnt 5We cant blame John for the mistakeHe wasnt here when we decided what to doSo _he about the plan Awasnt Bwas known Ccant be known Dcouldnt have known 6My ballpen is nowhere to be found，I _while I was playing football Amust drop it Bshould have dropped it Cmust have dropped it Dhad dropped 7It _ be Li Ming who took my dictionary awayIt be Zhang Hua who did it Acant；must Bmustnt；must Cneednt；can Dmay not；can 8The streets are all wet；It _ rained heavily last night Ashould Bshould have Cmust Dmust have 9. I have lost one of my gloves. I _it somewhere. A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped10. Tom ought not to _me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told B. tellB. be telling D. having told11. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. shouldC. need have D. ought to have12. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave13.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take us as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been14. He _you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. may have given D. may give15. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must have hurried D. neednt have hurried16. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may17. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed18.-Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might19. Pert_ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will20. Its nearly seven oclock, Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can21-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need22.- We could have walked to the station; It was so near. - Yes. A taxi _ at all ne