语法现在完成时.doc

现在完成时结构：have/has +done(过去分词).现在完成时的三种基本用法：1. 表示动作或状态开始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展，也可能刚刚结束。He has lived here for ten years.I have studied English since 1980.注意：a. live, study都是延续性动词。 b. 常用的时间状语： since, for, ever since, in the past/last few years, in recent years, so far, all ones life, up to now，till now等.2. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。时间状语：ever, never, just , already, yet, before，recently, once, lately, now, today, this morning 等.eg. I have never seen the film.The boy hasnt cleaned his room yet. She has written the letter today.【注】 瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.e.g.buy have catch(get) a cold have a cold borrowkeep put on wear diebe dead join be in/be a member ofleavebe away fall sleep be asleep e.g.1). We have had the book for three years. 我们买这本书三年了.We bought the book three years ago. 我们三天前买的这本书。2). He has had a cold for three days. 他感冒三天了. He caught a cold three days ago. 他三天前感冒的.使用现在完成时的句型：1.have/has done +since+ 点时间状语（名词，短语，从句，其中从句用一般过去时）2.have/has done +for+段时间状语Eg. He has been away since last week. He has been away for one week.3.It/This the first /second /last time +that+has/have done. have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 试比较： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿.） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。 （人已走，不在这儿）。. 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。Eg. 1. She returned yesterday. She has returned from Paris. 2. He joined the League 3 years ago. He has been in the the League for 3 years.3. I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.一般过去时Eg. We bought the book three years ago.现在完成时Eg. We have had the book for three years.过去完成时By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I had cooked the dinner already.现在完成进行时1.The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.2.You look hot and tired. Have you been exercising?.现在完成进行时：表示事情发生在过去，一直持续到现在，强调动作的持续性。1.I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完) I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,不一定看完) 2.Im sorry Im late. Have you been