主动语态与被动语态.doc

Unit9 When was it invented? Section A主动语态与被动语态： 英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者/ 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者e.g. 1. They make trains in Zhuzhou . 主动语态Trains are made in Zhuzhou. 被动语态 2.The farmers grow cotton every year. 主动语态Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. 被动语态一：被动语态的构成:助动词be+ (及物动词的) 过去分词 am (is, are) + done 一般现在时was (were) + done 一般过去时二: 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:1.把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语.2.把动词改为被动形式,即 “be + 过去分词” . 注意 be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化,时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致.3. 原来主动语态句中的主语,如果需要,就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现. 如果没有必要就可以省略.其他的成分 (定语,状语) 不变, 句式也不能变.主动语态变被动语态的结构图:Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 主语 谓语动词过去时宾语 时间状语The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876主语谓语动词的过去分词 宾语 时间状语三：被动语态的特殊用法:（一）：双宾语 buy/make sb sth=buy/make sth for sb give sb sth=give sth to sb1.My father bought me a computer. A computer was bought for me by my father.I was bought a computer by my father.2. He gives me a book. A book is given to me by him. I am given a book by him（二）、无to不定式变为被动时加上to 一感feel 二听listen to.hear 三让let.have.make四看watch. see. look at. noticeeg. We often see him play basketball. He is often seen to play basketball by us.（三）、注意动词短语的完整性The baby is taken good care of by the nurse（四）、无被动语态的动词。 take place happen come out come true die belong to 课堂练习;一：用所给的词的适当形式填空。1. What do you think is the most _(help) invention?2. Edison was a great _(invent). He had 1,093 _(invent) in his life.3. Light are used for _(see) things in the dark.4. Personal computers _(invent) in 1976.5. Which language _the most widely _(speak) in the world?6. When was the c_ invented?7. Please put the used b_ into the box.8. Here are the shoes with a_ heels.二：用所给动词的正确形式填空：1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday.2) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes.3) A picture _(put) up on the blackboard.4) French_ (speak) in France.5) Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.三：句型转换1.People all over the world enjoy surfing .(同义句转换) Surfing _ _ by people all over the world.2.When he was thirty , Tom decided to move to London .(同义句转换） At the _ of thirty ,Tom made a _ to move to London .3.Kate took good care of the baby yesterday evening .(改为被动句） The baby _ _ _ _ _ by Kate yesterday evening .4.She was seen to come out of the library by him .(改为主动句) He _ _ _ out of the library .5.The League was founded in Guangzhou in 1922 .(对画线部分提问) _ _ _ _ the League _ ?6.He didnt go to bed before he finished his work .(同义句转换) He _ go to bed _ he finished his work .7.They are used for seeing in the dark .(对画线部分提问) _ are they used _ ?8. It was invented in 1888 .(对画线部分提问) _ was it _ ?反思与收获： Unit9 Period2学案学习目标1、复习运用一般过去时的被动语态。2、学习掌握该部分要求四会的单词：crispy, salty, sour, by mistake, sprinkle 3、学习有关一些食物味道的词汇，并就某种味道想出相对应的食物名称。4、进行听力训练，归纳信息，了解薯片的发明历史。学习过程Step1 RevisionReview the passive voice by asking and answering When was it invented? Who was it invented by? What is it used for?Step2 3aTalk about the given inventions and make a list, and then students work in groups to check the answers.Step3 3bLearn the sample and make up new dialogues.Step4 1a and 1bFirst have a free talk and learn new words about tastes and describe how food tastes, then finish 1bStep5 Listening 2a and 2b1. Answer the questions according to the picture on page71.What food are the boys talking about? _Do you know when were the potato chips invented?_Who were they invented by? How were they invented?_2. Learn the statements and the following words before listening. 教学：by mistake 由于差错， 错误地（常用做状语） thin 薄的 反义词 thick 厚的3. Play the tape and students finish 2a and 2b教学： George Crum Sprinkle 4. Read and try to retell the story of potato chips.当堂检测一、Complete the passage without the books.Did you know that potato chips were invented by _? Potato chips were _ by a chef _ George Crum. They were invented _ 1853. George Crum cooked them for a long time _ they _. And he _ lots of salt _ them so they were really _.二、单项选择1. A stamp is used for _ a letter.A.send B. sends C. sending D.sent2. I think the most helpful _ is the light bulb.A.inventions B. invention C. invented D. inventor3. Chinese is used _ the first language in China.A. for B. as C. by D. to 4. You can do it _ this way. A. on B. in C. by D.for5. Edison _ the telephone in 1876.A. find B. found C. invented D. was invented6. Many friends of _have some inventions. A. my B. mine C I 7. What are those strange things used_, do you know? A. to B. in C. for 8. Can you tell me _the train was invented by? A. what B. who C. where 9. My bedroom _ every morning. My mom _ it. A. cleans/ is cleaning B. is cleaned/ cleans C. cleaned/ cleaning 10. This kind of shoes is made by a worker _ Johnson. A. name B. names C. named 11. Chinese is now _ by many people in different places. A. learning B. learnt C. learns 12. _ his brother got the first winner. They were very excited. A. In the end B. By the end C. At first 13. He said sorry to me that he took my school clothes _ mistake. A. with B. by C. on 14. I think the telephone was one of the greatest _. A. invented B. inventors C. inventions 15. I _ to leave at once, or Ill be late for the meeting. A. tell B. be told C. am told三、词形填空1. They thought the potatoes _(be not) thin enough.2. It happened three_ (thousand) years ago.3. The big bowl was used for_ (keep) the wine warm.4. Ive learned a lot about old Chinese _ (invent) today.5. They _ _ (invent) hundreds of years ago.6. A chef _ (call) George Crum invented potato chips.7. I think it would be better _(have) a MP4.中考链接1.Jim took care of the baby yesterday evening, (改为被动语态) The baby _ _ _ _by Jim yesterday evening.2. Whos the little boy in the photo?-Its me. This photo _ ten years ago.A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken3. It is reported that the underground Line No.3_ in our city in 2010.A. will build B. has built C. will be built D. has been built4. Do you plant trees in spring?-Yes. Many trees _ in our city every year.A. are planting B. are planted C. were planted D. plantUnit9 Reading学习目标：1.掌握词语：active, indoors, create ,wooden, knock into, divide, aim, basket, metal, hoop, shoot, below, backboard, guide, towards, court, develop, popularity, rise, risen, worldwide, association, equipment. 2. 掌握句子：1).If you travel around China you will notice a very popular activity everywhere you go- basketball. 2). It is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries including China, where basketball has been played in parks, school, and even in factories. 3). He divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them how to play his new game. 4). It is believed that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. 5). Since then, the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide, and the number of foreign players in Americas NBA has increased. 3. 能力目标：学习掌握有关篮球的历史背景知识，复习运用被动语态，完成时态等语言项目，介绍某种体育运动等。 4. 情感目标：培养热爱创造的情感。主要学习过程：Step 1 Before reading Whats your favorite sport? Whats the rules of this game? Step 2 Read and answer 1). How many people in the world play basketball now? _ 2). Who invented this game? When was he born? _ 3). What would be dangerous according to the game? _ 4). When was the first basketball game played? _ 5). When did it become an Olympic event? _ 6) Are there any foreign players in Americas NBA? _ Step3. Read aloud. Listen to the tape and read together with it. Then read the passage aloud freely. Pay attention to key words and expressions. Try to recite the key paragraphs. Step 4. Practice Finish the following exercises.当堂检测: I 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词1. The students should take an a_ part in all kinds of sports.2. Would you please d_ the apple into two halves and give me a half.3. I found many people run t_ that house.4. China is a d_ country.5. The prices of good r_ every day.II. 用所给词的适当形式填空1._ (stand) under a tree when it rains is dangerous.2. The USA belongs to the _ (develop) countries.3. The piece of music _ (create) by a famous musician.4. Do you like the _ (active)basketball?5. A number of _ (student) took part in the sports meeting.III. 完成句子1. 在课堂上，数学老师常把我们分成五个小组去讨论问题。Our math teacher often _ us _ five groups to discuss some questions in class.2. 请不要在薄冰上走，不然的话你会掉入河里。Please dont walk on the thin ice, _ youll _ _ the river.3. 当你睡觉时请关上门。Please shut the door _ _.4. 刚才看见老师进了教室。The teacher was seen _ _ into the classroom just now.5. 据认为他是去年来中国的。_ _ _ that he came to China last year.IV. 单选 1. They were all invented _ years ago.A. two hundreds B. three hundred of C. hundred D. hundreds of 2. A number of students _ in our school. The number of the students in our school _ over one thousand. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are3. I almost _ the old man standing there when I saw him. A. knocked on B. knocked around C. knocked i