《系统解剖学》教学资料 四肢肌.ppt

,陈秀英,Department of Anatomy,Chapter 3 The muscles of limbs, 掌握：上肢浅层肌肉（三角肌、小圆肌、大圆肌、 冈上、下肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、臂肌及前臂肌）的名称、分群及作用。 掌握：下肢浅层肌肉（髂腰肌、臀大肌、梨状肌、缝匠肌、股四头肌、长收肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌）的名称、分群及作用。 了解：足背及足底肌的位置、分群和功能。,【目的与要求】,The muscles of upper limb,According to their locations, the muscles of upper limb are divisible into: The muscles of shoulder 上肢带肌 The muscles of arm 臂肌 The muscles of forearm 前臂肌 The muscles of hand 手肌,The muscles of Shoulder,Deltoid 三角肌 Supraspinatus 冈上肌 Infraspinatus 冈下肌 Teres minor 小圆肌 Teres major 大圆肌 Subscapularis 肩胛下肌,Deltoid 三角肌,Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: abducts the arm，anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm（外展肩关节）,预防针注射部位,三角胸肌间沟 “头静脉”,腋神经损伤，三角肌瘫痪，导致“方肩”畸形,Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Action: medially rotates and adducts arm（旋内和内收）,Teres major 大圆肌,“ 肌腱袖”,The muscles of arm,Antererior group Biceps brachii 肱二头肌 Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌 Brachialis 肱肌 Posterior group triceps brachii 肱三头肌,Origin: long head, supraglenoid tubercle; short head, coracoid process Insertion: radial tuberosity Action: flexor of elbow joint （屈肘）,Biceps brachii 肱二头肌,Triceps brachii 肱三头肌,Origin: long head, infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n ; medial head, below groove for radical n. Insertion: olecranon of ulna Action: extends elbow joint （伸肘）, Trilateral foramen 三边孔 旋肩胛A Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔 腋N、旋肱后A,The muscles of forearm,Superficial layer 从桡侧到尺侧 Brachioradialis 肱桡肌 Pronator teres 旋前圆肌 Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌 Palmaris longus 掌长肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈 (屈肘、旋前、屈腕、腕内收及外展）,Anterior group (9),Second layer flexor digitorum superficials 指浅屈肌 （止于中节指骨体两侧）,Third layer Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌 Flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌 （止于远节指骨底）,Fourth layer pronator quadratus 旋前方肌 Action: flex elbow joint, radiocarpal joint and fingers, pronate forearm（屈肘、屈腕、屈指；前臂旋前）,Posterior group (10) Superficial layer (5) Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌 Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌 Extensor digitorum 指伸肌 Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌 Extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌 （伸腕、伸指、腕外展及内收）,Deep layer (5) Supinator旋后肌 Abductor pollicis longus 拇长展肌 Extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌 Extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌 Extensor indicis 示指伸肌 Action: extend radiocapral joint and fingers, and supinate forearm (展、伸拇指、伸示指、前臂旋后）,The muscles of hand,Lateral groupthenar 鱼际 Abductor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌 Flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌 Opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌 Adductor pollicis 拇收肌 Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb(拇指的屈、展、收和对掌）,Medial grouphypothenar (小鱼际） Abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌 Flexor digiti minimi brevis小指短屈肌 Opponens digiti minimi 小指对掌肌 Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger （小指的屈、展和对掌）,Intermedial group Lumbricales 蚓状肌(4)flex fingers at MP joints; extend fingers at IP joints Palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌(3) adduct fingers towards middle finger at MP joints Dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌(3)abduct fingers away from middle finger at MP joints,Muscles of lower limb,The lower limbs are used chiefly for the support and propulsion of the body, so that the muscles are brawny and strong but small in number. The muscles of lower limb are divided into:,Muscles of hip 髋肌 Muscles of thigh 大腿肌 Muscles of leg 小腿肌 Muscles of foot 足肌,Anterior group(2) Iliopsoas 髂腰肌 iliacus 髂肌 psoas major 腰大肌 Tensor fasciae latae 阔筋膜张肌 “髂胫束”,Muscles of hip,iliopsoas 髂腰肌 Origin: Psoas major: transverse processes and lateral surface of bodies of lumbar vertebrae Iliacus: iliac fossa Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur Action: flexes thigh at the hip joint（屈髋）,Posterior group(7):,Gluteus maximus 臀大肌 Gluteus medius 臀中肌 Gluteus minimus 臀小肌 Piriformis 梨状肌 Obturator internus 闭孔内肌 Obturator externus 闭孔外肌 Quadratus femoris 股方肌,Gluteus maximus 臀大肌,Origin: gluteal surface of ilium and dorsal aspect of sacrum Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract Action: extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; raises trunk when the lower limb is fixed （髋关节伸和外旋）,是维持人体直立的重要肌肉,Piriformis 梨状肌,Origin: anterior surface of sacrum Insertion: greater trochanter of femur Divided the greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriform foramen （梨状肌上孔 ）and infrapiriform foramen （梨状肌下孔） Action: rotates thigh laterally at hip joint（髋关节外旋）,Anterior group Sartorius 缝匠肌 Quadricep 股四头肌 Rectus femoris 股直肌 Vastus medialis 股内侧肌 Vastus lateralis 股外侧肌 Vastus intermedius 股中间肌,Muscles of thigh,Sartorius 缝匠肌,Origin: anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: upper medial surface of tibia Action: flexes hip and knee joints （屈髋、屈膝）,是全身最长的肌肉,Quadriceps femoris 股四头肌,Origin: Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine Vastus medialis: medial lip of linea aspera Vastus lateralis: lateral lip of linea aspera Vastus intermedius: anterior surface of femur Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Action: flexes hip and extend knee joint (屈髋、伸膝）,是全身最大的肌肉,Medial group Pectineus 耻骨肌 Adductor longus 长收肌 Adductor brevis 短收肌 Adductor magnus 大收肌 Gracilis 股薄肌 adduct thigh at hip joint （髋关节内收）,“长、短、大”,Posterior group Biceps femoris 股二头肌 Semitendinosus 半腱肌 Semimembranosus 半膜肌 Action flex the leg at knee joint and extend the thigh at hip joint （屈膝、伸髋）,The muscles of leg,Anterior group Tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌（伸踝、足内翻） Extensor hallucis longus 母长伸肌（伸踝、伸母趾） Extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌（伸踝、伸第2-5趾）,Lateral group Peroneus longus 腓骨长肌 Peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌 plantarflex and evert the foot （足跖屈、外翻),Posterior group Superficia