《计算机网络》实验指导书：静态路由、默认路由的配置.doc

海量资料 超值下载静态路由、默认路由的配置一、实验目的三台路由连接5个网段，配置静态路由和缺省路由二、实验描述默认路由是一种特殊的静态路由, 当路由表中与包的目的地址之间没有匹配的表项时路由器能够做出的选择.如果没有默认路由器,那么目的地址在路由表中没有匹配表项的包将被丢弃. 默认路由在某些时候非常有效,当存在末梢网络时,默认路由会大大简化路由器的配置,减轻管理员的工作负担,提高网络性能.三、实验拓扑四、实验设备1.R2801 3台2.PC 3台3.网线 3根4.串口线 2根五、实验步骤第1步：配置所有接口的IP地址，保证所有接口全部是UP状态PC1：192.168.1.2 网关：192.168.1.1PC2：192.168.4.2 网关：192.168.4.1PC3：192.168.5.2 网关：192.168.5.1R1(config)#int f0/0R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shR1(config-if)#int s1/0R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shR2(config)#int s1/0R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000R2(config-if)#no sh R2(config-if)#int s1/1R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000R2(config-if)#no shR2(config-if)#int f0/0R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shR3(config)#int s1/1R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shR3(config-if)#int f0/0R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no sh第2步：配置静态、默认路由R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2在R1上配置默认路由R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1配置到1.0的路由R2(config)#ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2配置到5.0的路由R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1R2上配置默认路由验证配置：R1#sh ip route显示R1的路由配置Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0直连路由C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0S*S*为默认路由配置标志符 0.0.0.0/0 1/01为静态路由的管理距离，0表度量值 via 192.168.2.2通过192.168.2.2学习到默认路由R2#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setS 192.168.1.0/24 1/0 via 192.168.2.1C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S 192.168.5.0/24 1/0 via 192.168.3.2R3#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S* 0.0.0.0/0 1/0 via 192.168.3.1第3步：测试连通性在PC1上PING PC2、PC3结果如下配置成功！六、注意事项1.非直连的网段都要配置路由2.串口DCE设备注意配时钟七、参考配置R1#sh runBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 605 bytes!version 12.4no service password-encryption!hostname R1!ip ssh version 1!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial1/0 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0!interface Serial1/1 no ip address shutdown!interface Serial1/2 no ip address shutdown!interface Serial1/3 no ip address shutdown!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!ip classlessip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2 !line con 0line vty 0 4 login!EndR2#sh runBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 712 bytes!version 12.4no service password-encryption!hostname R2!ip ssh version 1!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial1/0 ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 clock rate 64000!interface Serial1/1 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 clock rate 64000!interface Serial1/2 no ip address shutdown!interface Serial1/3 no ip address shutdown!interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdown!ip classlessip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 !line con 0line vty 0 4 login!EndR3#sh runBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 605 bytes!version 12.4no service password-encryption!hostname R3!ip ssh version 1!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial1/0 no ip address shutdown!