专业外语教学资料 专业英语－10 introduction of programmable controll.pptVIP

English in Electric Automation,Sunny Shen,10 Introduction of Programmable Controllers,Interconnection .int(:)knekn n. 相互连接 isolation transformer n. 隔离变压器 limit switch 限位开关 Local Area Network 局域网 maintenance meintinns v.维护 Manufacturing Automation Protocol 加工自动化协议 multiple axis drive 多轴驱动 photosensor .futusens n.光感应器 pilot light 信号灯 proximity switch 接近开关 pushbutton n.按扭 relay ri:lei n.继电器 relay panel 继电器盒（柜） reliability ri.laibiliti n.可靠性 RF noise 射频干扰 scan skn v.扫描 shock k v.冲击,Vocabulary,actuator ktjueit n. 执行器 bar code reader 条码阅读器 by-product 副产品 call for 需要 contiguous kntigjus adj.临近的 culprit klprit n.犯罪者 electromechanical i.lektrmiknikl adj.机电的 elusive ilju:siv adj. 难以捉摸的 filter filt n.滤波 fluctuation .flktjuein n. 升降波动，不规则的 hardwired adv.硬接线的 havoc hvk n.大破坏 high -volume adv.大容量 humidity hju:miditi n.湿度 induction coupling 感应耦合 inference infrns v. 干扰 injection molding 注模 instruction set 指令集,solenoid sulinid n.线圈 stand-alone adj. 独立的 stepper step n.步进电机 subnet n.子网 thermocouple :mu.kpl n. 热电偶 troubleshoot v. 排除故障 uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源（UPS） vendor vend: n. 生产厂商 vibration vaibrein n.震动 water tight 防水 wreak ri:k v.发泄，报复 (control)panel 控制（继电器）柜 field device 现场设备,These devices, commonly known as relays, were being used by the thousands to control many sequential- type manufacturing processes and stand-alone machines. 这些通常称为继电器的设备被数以千计的人用来控制许多顺序制造过程和单独机器。 But the common applications for relay panels called for 300 to 500 or more relays, and the reliability and maintenance issues associated with supporting these panels became a very great challenge. 但是，继电器柜的常规应用需要300到500或更多继电器，可靠性和支持这些柜的维护问题成为一个很大的挑战。 called for 要求,难句参考翻译,To make mattes worse, the constantly changing needs of a process called for recurring modifications of a control panel. With relays, this was a costly prospect, as it was accomplished by a major rewiring effort on the panel. In addition, these changes were sometimes poorly documented, causing a second-shift maintenance nightmare months later. 更糟糕的是，控制过程需要经常性的改变，这要求对继电器柜重新修改，由于这种修改是通过对继电器柜的主要连线进行重新连接而成，这意味着更多的费用。此外，这些改变没有经过足够的验证，因而数月后，又导致了二次布线改变维护的噩梦。,In light of this, it was not uncommon to discard an entire control panel in favor of a new one with the appropriate components wired in a manner suited for the new process. Add to this the unpredictable, and potentially high, cost of maintaining these systems as on high-volume motor vehicle production lines, and it became clear that something was needed to improve the control process - to make it more reliable, easier to troubleshoot, and more adaptable to changing control needs. 在这种情况下，放弃整个控制柜而选用新的、具有正确连线且适合于新的控制过程的控制柜的做法并不少见。对于大产量的机动车辆生产线，加上这一无法预料、潜在的高维护费用，很明显，需要对控制过程进行改进使其更可靠、更易于进行故障检修，以及更易于适应控制需求的改变。,That something, in the late 1960s, was the first programmable controller. This first “revolutionary” system was developed as a specific response to the needs of the major automotive manufactures in the Unite States. 类似于这样的东西，正是最初的可编程控制器，在六十年代，这一首个“革命性”的系统是按照美国主要汽车制造企业的特定要求开发出来的。 First we look at the center, as it is the heart (or at least the brain) of the system. It consists of a microprocessor, logic memory for the storage of the actual control logic, storage or variable memory for use with date that will ordinarily change as a function of the control program execution, and a power supply to provide electrical power for the processor and memory. 首先我们从中心开始，因为它是系统的心脏（至少是大脑），它由微处理器、用于储存实际控制逻辑的逻辑存储器、用于存储数据的变量存储器，这些数据通常随着控制程序的执行而改变，以及用于为处理器和存储器提供电能的电源组成。,Next comes the I/O block. This function takes the control level signals for the CPU and converts them to voltage and current levels suitable for connection with factory grade sensors and actuators. The I/O type can range from digital (discrete or on/off), analog (continuously variable), or a variety of special purpose smart I/O which are dedicated to a certain application task. 然后是输入输出模块，它将控制级的信号传送到中央处理器，并且将其电压和电流转换到适合于与工厂级的传感器和执行器相连接。输入输出信号的类型从数字（离散或开关）类型、模拟（连续变量）类型、或各种专用于某些实际任务的专用“智能”信号。,But it is important to understand the framework in which controllers are presently understood and used so that the full scope of present and future evolution can be examined. It is through the power of applications that controllers can be seen in their full light. 但是，对目前控制器被了解和使用框架的理解是很重要的，这样可以对目前和未来的发展作一个全面的分析。正是各种应用的能力使人们可以对控制器有一个完整的了解。 注：此处的It is that 结构为强调。 From an application standpoint, sequence control is found on individual machines or machines lines, on conveyor and packaging machinery, and even on modem elevator control system. 从应用的角度看，顺序控制建立在单台机器或生产线上、传送带和包装机器上、甚至在现代的电梯控制系统中。,In early systems, a stand-alone servo drive would be connected to the programmable controller with a series of individual conductors to discrete inputs and outputs. Newer systems integrate this functionality directly into the I/O racks through the use of special I/O boards dedicated to motion control. This eliminates the need to interface the two devices together with discrete I/O. 在早期的系统里，单独的伺服驱动器用一系列的导线将分散的输入输出连接到可编程控制器。现代的系统将这些功能通过使用专用于运动控制的特制I/O板直接集成进了I/O机架。这种方式消除了将两个分散I/O装置连接在一起时需要的接口。,With the advanced instruction sets and expanded variable memory capacities of the newer programmable controllers, it is now possible for the system to act as a data concentrator, collecting data about the machine or process it is controlling. 由于新的可编程控制器采用高级指令集，扩展了变量存储器的容量，这个系统现在可以作为数据集中器用来收集控制机器或过程的数据。 注：红色部分为数据集中器的同位语 Any comments that are made about the importance and growing use of data management are probably understatements considering the leap-frog technical solution capabilities it brings to a wide range of applications. 考虑到跳步技术解决方案的能力带来的广泛应用，任何关于数据处理的重要性和日益增长的应用的观点可能都是保守的。,The manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP), an activity initiated by General Motors, is intended to connect multi-vendor intelligent devices, including programmable controllers, into a coherent, efficient control network. 由通用汽车公司提出的制造自动化协议（）用来连接多个供应商的智能设备，包括可编程控制器，组成一个连贯、有效的控制网络。,A stretch-wrap拉伸包装机 is a machine which automatically wraps包装 plastic film or other material around and unitizes quantities of material (bags, boxes) in the most optimum way on a pallet托盘 for shipping装载. It normally involves sections of a powered conveyor and an operating area for the product layers to be placed together and wrapped. The programmable controller i