否定句式的译法放映.ppt

否定句式的译法,否定句式的译法,翻译时，要注意英语句子中的否定转移和特别的否定句型。,1.英语中的否定转移大致有以下五类,A. 否定主句转移为否定宾语从句的某一部分 B. 否定主语转译为否定谓语 C. 否定主句转译为否定主语从句 D. 否定宾语转译为否定谓语。 E. 否定谓语转译为否定状语 （状语从句）,A. 否定主句转移为否定宾语从句的某一部分,-I dont think this is worth trying. 我想这不值得一试。 -I dont suppose that he is already 20. 我想他还不到20岁。 -He doesnt imagine taxes will be reduced this year. 他认为今年税收不会减。,B. 否定主语转译为否定谓语,当句子主语为nothing, none of 或由no 修饰时，汉译时需否定谓语。 -None of my friends smoke. 我的朋友都不吸烟。 -Matter must move, or no work is done. 物质必须运动，否则就没有做功。,C. 否定主句转译为否定主语从句,在含有主语从句的复合句中，如主句谓语含有表示信念、看法的名词（belief, view, opinion, thought等），通常将主句中的否定词转移到从句。 -It is not his thought that you should go there at all. 他的看法是你根本不该去那里。 -It is not my view that his contribution to modern science can be overestimated. 我的观点是他对现代科学的贡献怎样估计都不会高。,D. 否定宾语转译为否定谓语。,-Neutrons carry no charge. 中子不带电荷。 -We know of no effective way to store the sunlight. 我们不知道贮藏太阳光的有效方法。,E. 否定谓语转译为否定状语（状语从句）,英语谓语否定句中，其语义否定点有时由谓语转移到状语或状语从句上。 -Hes studying English now; he doesnt speak English very well yet. 现在他在学英语，他英语说得还不怎么好。,-The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 粮食供应量的增长将远远不足以跟上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和销售问题上正陷入危机。,英语中的否定转移屡屡可见。其判断方法有时可直接以其句式为依据。但大多数情况下必须结合上下文才能判断否定是否转移。Think一类的词不表示看法时，就不宜将否定理解为转移。,2特殊的否定句型,A. notbecause,主要分为两种情况 1、not否定的是主句的谓语，because修饰主句，表示原因。 在这种句式中，如果because放在后面，前面有时用逗号隔开，一般翻译为“没有，因为”,He did not buy it , because it was very expensive 他没有买，因为价钱很高。,notbecause 实际上修饰because从句时，不需要逗号隔开，翻译为“并不是因为而”,-The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽才停止运转的。,-Certainly I dont teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know the answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. 当然，我之所以教书，并不是因为我觉得教书容易。我之所以教书，也不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题，或者因为我满腹学问，情不自禁地要与人分享。,B. all/every/bothnot: 部分否定，相当于 “并不是所有每一个两个都”。,-All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光的不一定都是金子。 -After careful reading, I found both books are not worth buying. 仔细阅读后，我发现并不是两本书都值得买。,Ccannot/can nevertoo+ adj. (或adv.)： 这一貌似否定的结构实际上起加强肯定的语气的作用， 可译作：“无论怎样也不会过分”、“越越好”等。,-One cant be too careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case. 因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以在做决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。,D. A + not + v. + as well as + B: 这种结构翻译时 一般是先将B译成肯定， 然后再将A译成否定。,-I shall not do this test as well as you. 误：我和你一样，将不做这项试验。 正：你做这项试验，而我则不会做。,-John has not given the ticket to me as well as to you. 误：约翰没有给我票，也没有给你 正：约翰给了你一张票，没有给我。,Exercise,Dont think ill of me because I used her help. This was too great an honor not to excite the envy of his rival. There is no story without coincidence. It is a good workman that never blunders. My opinion, and I can