TITLEINCAPITALLETTERS,FONTSIZE12,：大写字母的标题，字体大小12，.doc

TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERS, FONT SIZE 12,TIMES NEWS ROMAN, CENTRED, BOLDSTUDENTS NAMEA project report submitted in partial fulfilment of therequirements for the award of the degree ofBachelor (Hons.) of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanJanuary 2009xiiiDECLARATIONI hereby declare that this project report is based on my original work except for citations and quotations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously and concurrently submitted for any other degree or award at UTAR or other institutions.Signature:_Name:_ID No.:_Date :_APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSIONI certify that this project report entitled “TITLE TO BE THE SAME AS FRONT COVER, CAPITAL LETTER, BOLD” was prepared by STUDENTS NAME has met the required standard for submission in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of XXX (Hons.) XXXXXXX at Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.Approved by,Signature: _Supervisor: Prof. Dr. XXXXXXXXXDate : _The copyright of this report belongs to the author under the terms of the copyright Act 1987 as qualified by Intellectual Property Policy of University Tunku Abdul Rahman. Due acknowledgement shall always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this report. Year, Name of candidate. All right reserved.Specially dedicated to my beloved grandmother, mother and father(this dedication page is optional)ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to thank everyone who had contributed to the successful completion of this project. I would like to express my gratitude to my research supervisor, Prof. Dr. XXXXX for his invaluable advice, guidance and his enormous patience throughout the development of the research.In addition, I would also like to express my gratitude to my loving parent and friends who had helped and given me encouragement. (This acknowledgements page is optional).PROJECT TITLE IN CAPITAL LETTERTITLE TO BE THE SAME AS FRONT COVERABSTRACTMany relief scenarios involve the discharge of a two-phase fluid mixture, and the proper method for sizing the relief valve for these conditions is the subject of considerable discussion. Sizing a valve is based on the flow through an isentropic nozzle, the pressuredensity relation for the fluid properties, and a discharge coefficient (Kd) to match the calculated mass flux to that measured for the flow of air or water in the actual valve. For single-phase flow, this is straightforward, since the fluid properties are simple and measured values of Kd are available. For two-phase flow, the densitypressure relation is complex and no values of Kd are available, so a variety of models have been proposed in the literature to address this problem. Since the various models produce various results, the appropriate value of Kd required to match the model to the actual valve will depend on the model. This paper utilizes a simple, rigorous method for sizing relief valves for two-phase flow that utilizes the fluid properties directly and hence does not require a model for these properties. It is shown how this method can be applied to two-phase frozen or flashing (equilibrium or non-equilibrium) nozzle flows, and how the available values for Kd for single-phase flow can be used directly with this method, depending on the critical state of flow in the nozzle, to accurately predict two-phase flow in any valve. The calculations are compared with data from the literature for frozen air/water and flashing steam/water flows in actual safety relief valves.TABLE OF CONTENTSDECLARATIONiiAPPROVAL FOR SUBMISSIONiiiACKNOWLEDGEMENTSviABSTRACTviiTABLE OF CONTENTSviiiLIST OF TABLESxLIST OF FIGURESxiLIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONSxiiLIST OF APPENDICESxiiiCHAPTER1INTRODUCTION11.1Background11.2Aims and Objectives12LITERATURE REVIEW32.1Subsection Title 132.2Subsection Title 232.3Subsection Title 342.3.1Sub-subsection Title 142.3.2Sub-subsection Title 242.4Subsection Title 453METHODOLOGY63.1Subsection Title 163.2Subsection Title 263.3Sub-subsection Title 173.3.1Sub-sub-subsection Title 174RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS84.1Subsection Title 184.2Subsection Title 284.3Sub-subsection Title 194.3.1Sub-sub-subsection Title 195CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS105.1Subsection Title 1105.2Subsection Title 2105.3Sub-subsection Title 1115.3.1Sub-sub-subsection Title 111REFERENCES12APPENDICES13LIST OF TABLESTABLETITLEPAGE2.1Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line in ABC Company42.2Processing Time for Different Production Line53.1Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line74.1Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line9LIST OF FIGURESFIGURETITLEPAGE2.1Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Logo53.1Reflection from Smooth Surface74.1UTAR Logo9LIST OF SYMBOLS / ABBREVIATIONS cpspecific heat capacity, J/(kgK)hheight, mKddischarge coefficientMmass flow rate, kg/sPpressure, kPaPbback pressure, kPaRmass flow rate ratioTtemperature, Kvspecific volume, m3ahomogeneous void fractionhpressure ratiordensity, kg/m3wcompressible flow parameterIDinner diameter, mMAPmaximum allowable pressure, kPaMAWPmaximum allowable working pressure, kPaODouter diameter, mRVrelief valveLIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIXTITLEPAGEAGraphs13BComputer Programme Listing14CHAPTER 11 INTRODUCTION1.1 BackgroundSpacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next subsection title is 4.5 lines.1.2 Aims and ObjectivesSpacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.2Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next subsection title is 4.5 lines.A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new page. Spacing between the last line of text and equation is 1.5 lines.(Error! No text of specified style in document.1)whereG1 = specific mass flow rate, kg/sr = density, kg/m3T = temperature, Kho = xxx, mSpacing between the equation and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Equation should be centred, but its numbering should align with right margin.(Error! No text of specified style in document.2)whereG2 = specific mass flow rate, kg/sr = density, kg/m3Spacing between the equation and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Equation should be centred, but its numbering should align with right margin.CHAPTER 22 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified” (Warner, 2002).Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next subsection title is 4.5 lines.2.2 Subsection Title 2Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new page.5Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. Spacing between the last line of text and table is 1.5 lines.Table Error! No text of specified style in document.1: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production Line in ABC CompanyBreadProduction Line12345A3018261715B2322322530C1731242229Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.2.3 Subsection Title 32.3.1 Sub-subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.2.3.2 Sub-subsection Title 2Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next subsection title is 4.5 lines.2.4 Subsection Title 4Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin.Table Error! No text of specified style in document.2: Processing Time for Different Production LineBreadProduction Line12345A3018261715B2322322530C1731242229Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. Spacing between the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.1: Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman LogoSpacing between the figure and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin.CHAPTER 33 METHODOLOGY3.1 Subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified” (Warner, 2002).Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next subsection title is 4.5 lines.3.2 Subsection Title 2Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.8A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection title should not begin on the last line of a page.3.3 Sub-subsection Title 13.3.1 Sub-sub-subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. Spacing between the last line of text and table is 1.5 lines.Table Error! No text of specified style in document.1: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production LineBreadProduction Line12345A3018261715B2322322530C1731242229Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Spacing between the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.SourceReflectedFigure Error! No text of specified style in document.1: Reflection from Smooth SurfaceSpacing between the figure and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin.CHAPTER 44 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS4.1 Subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified” (Warner, 2002).Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next subsection title is 4.5 lines.4.2 Subsection Title 2Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.10A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new page.4.3 Sub-subsection Title 14.3.1 Sub-sub-subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. Spacing between the last line of text and table is 1.5 lines.Table Error! No text of specified style in document.1: Processing Time (in hours) of Bread for Different Production LineBreadProduction Line12345A3018261715B2322322530C1731242229Spacing between the table and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Spacing between the last line of text and figure is 1.5 lines.Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.1: UTAR LogoSpacing between the figure and first line of text is 3.0 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin.CHAPTER 55 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 Subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified” (Warner, 2002).Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5 lines. Subsequence paragraphs should be indented 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) from the left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”. Spacing between last line of text and the next subsection title is 4.5 lines.5.2 Subsection Title 2Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.12A new paragraph should not begin on the last line of a page. A subsection title should not begin on the last line of a page. A new chapter must start on a new page.5.3 Sub-subsection Title 15.3.1 Sub-sub-subsection Title 1Spacing between title of subsection and first line of text is 1.5 lines. The first paragraph in a subsection should align with left margin. General alignment for texts in paragraph should be “justified”.13REFERENCESAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.American Psychological Association. (2003). Electronic references. Retrieved October 8, 2006, from /ref.html.Christopher, P. (2006). Unleashing change: A study of organizational renewal in government. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(2), 117-123. Retrieved October 8, 2006, from /ed32457.htmlMak, J. (2006, October 4). More public holidays for workers. The Star, p. N6.Martin, S., Smith, L., Forehand, M. R., Mobbs, R., Lynch, T. F., Renfrew, E. J., et al