高级英语课后释义和翻译答案.docx

高级英语(二) 期末考试复习资料 Unit 1 Pub Talk and the Kings English Paraphrase 1. And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.2. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view.3. In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view. 4. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives. 5. The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. 7. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the、 rulers. 8. The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.9. The phrase， the Kings English， has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people. 10. There still exists in the working people， as in the early Saxon peasants， a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. For example， the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal. We mustnt regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself. . Translation 1. 动物之间的信息交流， 不论其方式何等复杂， 也是称不上交谈的。2. 闲聊中常常会有争论， 不过其目 的并不是为了 说服对方。 闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。 3. 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧， 我觉得酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 4. 我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的-她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的， 那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话-我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口 而出的。 5. 每当上流社会想给 “规范英语”制订一些条条框框时， 总会遭到下层人民的抵制。6. 词语本身并不是现实， 它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。 标准英语就像诺曼底人的盎格鲁法语一样， 也是一个阶级用来表达现实的一种形式。 7. 让人们学着去讲也许不错， 但既不应当把它作为法令， 也不应当使它完全不接受来自下层的改变。 8. 要是有谁闲聊时也像做文章一样句逗分明， 或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字的话， 那他讲起话来就一定会极为倒人胃口 。 9. 看到 E?M?福斯特笔下写出“当今这个时代的阴森可怖的长廊” 时， 其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力、 甚至可怖的形象令我们拍案叫绝。 10. 那天晚上， 如果我们当场弄清了 “标准英语” 的意义， 也就不可能再有那一场交谈论辩。 Unit2 MarrakechParaphrase 1. The buying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland of mounds of earth, looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the colonialists build up their empires by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings.3. They are born, and they work very hard and starve for a few years. Finally, they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately, from their dark hole-like cells everywhere, a great number of Jews, many of whom were old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, rushed out wildly excited, all loudly demanding a cigarette.6. everyone of those poor Jews regards cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, white-skinned people are always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but human beings.9. No one could think of organizing cheap trips to visit the poor slum areas(for these trips would not be interesting.)10. One could probably live there for years without noticing the fact that the life is very hard for ninety percent of the people, and they can produce a little food on the poor soil only with very hard and tiring work.11. She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, and that she was only fit for doing heavy work like animals.12. People with brown skins almost cannot be seen.13. The Senegalese soldiers were wearing second-hand ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful, well-built bodies.14. How long before they turn their guns around and attack the colonialist rulers?15. Every white man there had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind.Translation1. 当你穿行于这样的城镇当中-20万居民中至少有两万除了一身勉强蔽体的破衣烂衫之外，一无所有-当你看到这些人是如何生活，又如何轻易地死亡时，你总是很难相信自己行走在人类之中。2. 当你穿过犹太人聚集区时，你会了解中世纪的贫民是什么样子的。3. 很多街道远远不足6英尺宽，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛肿痛的孩子成群结队，随处可见，像成群的苍蝇，数也数不清。4. 甚至在后面的窝棚里的一个盲人听到要烟的吵嚷声也爬了出来，伸手在空中乱摸。5. “噢，那不过是装样子罢了，实际上他们都是些放贷获利的人。”6. 颇为相似的是几百年前有些可怜的老妇人常常被当成巫婆被活活烧死，但事实上他们连为自己变出一顿饭菜的巫术都没有。7. 那干巴巴的土地、仙人掌、棕榈树和远方的山岭被尽收眼底，但在地里的农民却往往没人看见。8. 摩洛哥大部分土地都很荒凉，以至于那里存在的最大的野生动物就是野兔。9. 除了难得的暴雨之后的一两天之外，这里总是缺水。10. 在原始社会里，妇女超过了一定年纪身材便会萎缩得像孩子一般大小， 这似乎是一个普遍现象。Unit 3 Inaugural Address . Paraphrase 1. Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings. 4. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 5. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.6. Before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place 7. Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankinds final war. 8. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness. 9. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do. 10. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their countrys cause). 11. Let us led the country we love, knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not. . Translation 1. 我们今天举行的不是一个政党的祝捷大会， 而是一次自由的庆典。 这是一个承先启后、 继往开来的大事件。 2. 此时此地我谨向我们的朋友， 同时也向我们的敌人宣告: 火炬已传到我们新一代美国人手中。 这一代人在本世纪成长起来， 经受过战火的锻炼， 经历过冷峻的和平的考验， 以珍视古老的传统而自豪， 又决不愿坐视或容许人权逐渐遭到践踏。 美国对这些人权一向负有责任， 今天我们也正在本国及全世界范围内为之奋斗。 3. 必须让每一个友邦和敌国都知道: 为维护自由， 使其长存不灭， 我们将会不惜付出任何代价， 肩 负任何重担， 迎战一切困难， 援助一切朋友， 反击一切敌人。 4. 只要我们团结起来， 我们在许多合作性事业中就会无往而不胜。5. 而一旦彼此分裂， 我们就会无所作为。 因为我们之间若起争端， 彼此离异， 便难以与我们面临的强大对手抗衡。 6. 一个自由社会如若不能帮助众多的穷人， 也就无法保全少数的富人。 7. 我们不敢以示弱去诱惑他们。 因为只有当我们有了 无可置疑的足够的武力时， 我们才能有无可置疑的把握避免使用武力。 8. 同胞们， 我们事业的成败关键不仅仅是握在我的手中， 更大一部分是握在你们手中。 9. 如今那号角又在召唤我们了 。它不是在号召我们扛起武器一一尽管我们也需要武器， 不是在号召我们去参战-尽管我们也准备应战， 而是在号召我们肩 负起一场长期的艰苦斗争的重任， 年复一年，“忍受困苦， 向往未来”， 为反对人类共同的敌人-暴政、 贫困、 疾病以及战争本身-而斗争。 10. 良心是我们唯一可靠的报酬， 历史是我们所作所为的最后裁判。 让我们迈步向前， 去领导我们所热爱的国家吧， 我们祈求上帝的保佑和帮助， 但我们知道， 上帝在人间的工作就是我们自己的工作。 Unit 4 Love is a Fallacy . Paraphrase 1. He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.2. A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason. 3. I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back. 4. All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you dont know? 5. My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at high speed.6. Except for one thing (intelligence) Polly had all the other requirements.7. She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time. 8. In fact, she went in the opposite direction, that is， she was not intelligent but rather stupid. 9. If you were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend. 10. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker. 11. To teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.12. One must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful， but I decided to try one more time. 13. There is a limit to what any human being can bear.14. I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan. 15. Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic which was overwhelming me. . Translation 1. 我的大脑像发电机一样发达， 像化学家的天平一样精确， 像手术刀一样锋利。2. 见到一种新鲜的东西就跟着学， 以为别人都在那么干， 自己也就卷进去傻干-这在我看来， 简直愚蠢至极。3. 我要特别说明的是， 我想得到这妙龄少女并不是由于感情的驱使。4. 使一个漂亮的笨姑娘变得聪明比使一个聪明的丑姑娘变得漂亮毕竟要容易些。5. 他神情不安， 用面包店窗前的流浪儿那种馋涎欲滴的神情望着那件皮大衣， 接着扭过头去， 坚定地咬紧牙关。 6. 说不定她头脑里的死火山口 中的什么地方， 还有些火星会喷射出来呢。7. 毕竟， 外科医生在做手术时可以看 X 光片， 律师在审案时可以看案由， 木匠在造房子时可以看蓝图。 8. 如果居里夫人不是碰巧把一张照相底片放在装有一块沥清铀矿石的抽屉里， 那么世人今天就不会知道镭。 9. 突然， 一道智慧的光芒-这是我从未看到过的一一闪现在她的眼中。10. 看到波利并不那么傻， 我的劲头上来了 。 于是， 我便开始把对她讲过的一切，长时间地、 耐心地复习了 一遍。 Unit 5 The Sad Young Men . Paraphrase 1. At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly. 2. In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement. 3. The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4. In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily. 5. The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure. 6. Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended. 8. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families. 9. The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the law makers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people. 10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down. 11. It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and Puritanical gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center. 12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives. . Translation 1. 二十年代社会生活的各个方面中， 被人们评论得最多、 渲染得最厉害的， 莫过于青年一代的叛逆之行了 。 2. 对这类问题的回答必然只能是既“对” 又“不对” -说“对，是因为人的成 长过程中一贯就存在着所谓青年一代的问题; 说“不对” 是因为在当时的社会看来似乎是那么狂野。 那么不负责任， 那么不讲道德的行为， 若是用今天的正确眼光去看的话，却远远没有今天的一些迷恋爵士乐的狂荡青年的堕落行为那么耸人听闻。 3. 不论是否发生战争， 随着时代的变化. 要我们的年轻一代接受与他们必须在其中拼搏求胜的这个喧嚣的商业化社会格格不入的行为准则已经变得越来越难了 。 4. 追求时尚， 为了 短暂的快乐和一时的新奇而大肆挥霍， 纵情地狂欢， 寻求各种各样的感官刺激-性行为， 吸毒， 酗酒以及各种各样的堕落行为-这些都是他们逃避责任的表现形式， 是一种由社会的普遍繁荣及战后人们对于政治、 经济限制和国际义务所产生的厌烦情绪所造成的逃避方式。 5. 其时， 真正的知识分子对此现象远远谈不上满意。6. 于是， 他们的笔尖下便喷射出愤怒的火花， 猛烈抨击着美国社会中的唯物质主义以及他们所称的文化市侩习气。7. 正是在他们那抗争性的， 而总的说来又是短暂的侨居欧洲期间， 二十年代我国的那些主要作家开始认识到自己一一用格特鲁德. 斯坦的话说一一就是所谓 “迷惘的一代”。 8. “迷惘的一代” 本身虽不是一场什么文学运动， 但那些“迷惘的一代” 的作家的态度却是那个时代文学作品的共同特征。 9. 在一段时间里， 他们曾有过惊愕、 孤独无依的感觉， 因而变得痛苦、 尖刻， 以至于反社会、 反权威、 好标新立异， 其行为往往有些荒唐， 更常常近于胡闹-但却从来“迷恫过”。 10. 二十年代的知识分子， 也就是 F 司各特菲茨杰拉德所称的“悲哀的青年一代”，诅咒过自己的命运， 但并没有消亡; 他们曾试图逃避现实， 但又自动回到现实中来; 他们痛责美国社会的市侩， 但对自己的祖国却又充满热爱。 正是在这样的过程中， 他们创作出了 美国文学史上最富有生气、 最令人耳目 一新、 最激动人心的文学作品。 Unit 6 Loving and Hating New York . Paraphrase 1. Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2. New York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion) of America. 3. Situation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carsonnow replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California. 4. New York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5. A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because heirs afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition). 6. The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7. At night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky. 8. But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9. In both these roles of banking and communications head- quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country. 10. The television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising. 11. Authors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines. 12. Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active. 13. Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people cant see them. 14. New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates. . Translation 1. 那些赞美“大苹果” 的广告活动， 还有那些印着带有“我爱纽约” 字样的心形图案的 T 恤衫， 只不过是它们在绝望中发出悲哀的迹象， 只不过是纽约这个非凡的城市日趋衰落的象征。 2. 今日的纽约非但常常跟不上美国政治前进的步伐， 而且往往也合不上美国人生活 情趣变化的节拍。 3. 有十多座其他城市都已经有了 一些在建筑艺术上很富有创造性的建筑物， 而纽约最近二十年来所造的任何一幢建筑物都不能与之相比。 4. 纽约从来都不是召集会议的好场所-因为那儿少友情. 不安全， 人口 拥挤， 消费高昂-但现在它似乎正在一定程度上争回其作为旅游胜地的地位。 5. 他们比大多数美国人更欣赏纽约这个国际大都市的五彩缤纷的生活， 它那残存的、独此一家的欧洲社会准则以及它那众多外来民族混杂而居的社会。 6. 但总的说来， 我倒还想不出这世界上有多少个地方我更愿意去居住。7. 这里已经不是什么静造的公园了 ， 倒更像是一个乱哄哄的狂欢场所。8. 今天仍有许多青年被吸引到纽约来， 因为他们想考验一下自己， 怕让自己的才能沦为极其平庸而易于上市的商品。 9. 那些初来纽约的人早晚有一天会找到或形成他们自己的小圈子。曼哈顿有许多这类小圈子， 密密麻麻地挤在一起， 但彼此之间却极少往来。 10. 新来者永远不会被完全同化。 只是不稳定地加入到未被消化的多数中去。 Unit 7 Paraphrase 1. The loud ringing of bells sent the frightened swallows flying high, and it marked the beginning of the festival of summer of Omelas, which was located by the sea with bright towers.2. Their shouting could be heard clearly above the music and the singing like the swallows flying by overhead.3. the riders were putting the horses through some exercises because horses were eager to start ad stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. An artist betrays his trust and faith when he refuses to admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very boring and uninteresting.6. They were fully developed and intelligent adults full of strong feelings and they did not live a miserable life (as they would do in our modern society). Its a miserable to be mature, intelligent, passionate adults without being unhappy.7. Perhaps it would be best if you readers pictured Omelas to yourselves a