2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit4Bodylanguage（含解析）新人教版.docx

Unit 4Body language李仕才【短文语法填空】Chengdu has been making a name for itself in Western countries in recent years，as the city has moved to 1. (strength) its cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.Chengdu Week 2. (host) in Madrid in January as a major activity of the 2017 Happy Spring Festival in Spain, 3. is an annual event held by the Chinese embassy in Spain to celebrate 4. traditional Spring Festival holiday with overseas Chinese, locals and other visitors.It was the first time that the Chinese embassy had 5. (patient) introduced a city to the traditional Lunar New Year celebration.During the festival, classic regional art forms such as paper cutting, shadow plays and face changing opera performances were 6. display at the famous Plaza Mayor in Madrid.“The performances(表演) are so 7. (amaze) that I want to buy a ticket to Chengdu right now，” said Manuela Carmena, mayor of Madrid, during the event.Mayor Carmena said that the two cities shared 8. (similar) in many aspects and she hoped two cities could have 9. (far) exchanges than before in tourism and culture.Chengdu has become more closely tied to Spain since a direct flight between Madrid 10. Chengdu was launched on December 17.【解题导语】近年来，成都通过文化交流，大大提升了在世界上的影响力。本文介绍了2017年春节期间在西班牙举办的成都(文化)周，剪纸、皮影戏和变脸等传统艺术或表演引起了轰动。1strengthen解析：考查词性转换。句意：因为这座城市已经采取行动来加强其与世界其他地区的文化交流。空后是名词结构，所以此处用动词，和空前的to构成动词不定式结构。故填strengthen。2was hosted解析：考查动词的时态和语态。设空处在句中作谓语，和主语Chengdu Week之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语in January可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was hosted。3which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Happy Spring Festival，指物，且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该从句。4the解析：考查冠词。此处特指传统的中国春节假期，故用定冠词the。5patiently解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰谓语动词introduced，作状语，应用副词。故填patiently。6on解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在节日期间，经典的地方艺术形式如剪纸、皮影戏和变脸表演均在马德里著名的马约尔广场进行。on display为固定搭配，意为“展览；展出”。7amazing解析：考查词性转换。设空处在系动词are后作表语，主语为The performances(表演)，前有副词so修饰，所以用amazing，意为“惊人的；了不起的”。8similarities解析：考查词性转换及名词单复数。句意：卡梅纳市长说两个城市在很多方面有相似点，她希望两个城市能够在旅游业和文化方面有比以往更深入的交流。设空处作谓语动词shared的宾语，应用名词：similarity为可数名词，所以用复数形式。9further解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后面的标志词than可知，此处用比较级。10and解析：考查连词。between.and.为固定搭配，意为“在和之间”。(对应学生用书P98)一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇_represent_ vt.代表；象征_approach_ vt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途径_ease_ n. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻痛苦、忧虑_defend_ vt.保护；保卫_function_ n作用；功能；职能vi.起作用；运转curious adj.好奇的 _curiously_ adv.好奇地 _curiosity_ n好奇心greet vt.&vi.迎接；问候；映入的眼帘 _greeting_ n问候misunderstand vt.误解；误会 _misunderstanding_ n误解；误会likely adj.可能的 _unlikely_ adj.不可能的2常考词汇dash vi. _猛冲；突进_flight n. _飞行；航班_false adj. _错误的；假的_subjective adj. _主观的_hug vt.&vi. _拥抱_rank n. _等级；军衔_adult n. _成人；成年人_adj. _成人的；成熟的_statement n. _陈述；说明_state vt. _陈述；说明_association n. _社团；联系；联想_associate vt. _联系_major adj. _主要的_majority n. _大多数_用所给单词的适当形式填空1The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming _represents_ (represent) an enormous threat to agriculture.(2017江苏卷)2This production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals _Associate_ (association) Director，Wang Xiaoying.(2017全国卷)3Deer and elk populations_major_ (majority) food sources (来源) for the wolfgrew rapidly.(2017全国卷)4Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will _likely_ (like) rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.(2017全国卷)5We require the students full flight _detail_ (detail) at least 4 weeks in advance.(2016天津卷)6_Approaching_ (approach) the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.(2016全国卷)7Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they know how to offer help to _adults_ (adult)(2016江苏卷)8Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body _functions_ (function)(2016四川卷)“主要的；重要的”形容词家族major 主要的，重要的main 主要的chief 首要的primary 主要的，首要的important 重要的，重大的leading 重要的，首位的principle 主要的，首要的vital 极其重要的significant 意义重大的后缀ly构成的形容词集锦likely 可能的brotherly 兄弟般的costly 昂贵的daily 日常的friendly 友好的lively 活泼的manly 有男子气概的lovely 可爱的orderly 整洁的weekly 每周的常见“人体部位及器官”名词荟萃cheek 脸颊forehead 额头chest 胸部shoulder 肩膀throat 喉咙tongue 舌头lung 肺liver 肝脏【完形填空】Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally _1_ and felt I was suddenly placed under _2_ of death with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)After careful thought，I _3_ my affairs；then I went home and got into bed.But 2 years later，I left my bed and _4_ the long climb back.It was another year _5_ I made it.I speak of this experience because these past years have _6_ me what to value and what to believe.I _7_ now that this world is not my oyster(牡蛎)to be opened but my _8_ to be grasped.Ive also learned that its necessary to _9_ those little，allimportant things I never thought I would _10_ before：the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree，the _11_ of sunlight on running water.I seem now，with some of the _12_ freshness of childhood，to hear and see.How well，_13_，I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed.It was like _14_ ones citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.Frequently，I _15_ myself that I need make notes of this _16_.Im living in now，because in it Im well，_17_，doing what I like best.It wont always be like this，_18_ Ill make the most of it and be grateful.I _19_ all this to that long time spent in bed.Wiser people come to this _20_ without having to acquire it the hard way.But I wasnt wise enough.Im wiser now，a little，and happier.1A.confusedBshockedCdetermined Dannoyed2A.trial BpressureCsentence Dcontrol3A.made up Bset upCtook up Dcleared up4A.recalled BbeganCavoided Daccepted5A.when BafterCsince Dbefore6A.assigned BtaughtCtreated Dassured7A.admit BdemandCexpect Drealize8A.knowledge BopportunityCattention Dpoint9A.dismiss BlistCdefine Dappreciate10A.notice BrecordCremember Dtrack11A.shadow BshakeCplay Dfeeling12A.damaged BrecoveredCfaded Dchanged13A.in contrast Bin returnCfor instance Dby chance14A.maintaining BregainingCdiscovering Dforgetting15A.remind BpromiseCadvise Dconvince16A.country BmomentCmemory Dinspiration17A.pleased BcourageousCconfident Dstrong18A.meanwhile BotherwiseChowever Dtherefore19A.apply BoweCcontribute Dadapt20A.awareness BagreementCcomment Dcompromise【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。1B根据上文中的“Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)。confused“困惑的”； annoyed“恼怒的”。2C作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。根据语境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve(缓刑)”可知，此处应选sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判处死刑”。3D仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。根据上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解决，清理”符合语境。make up“组成，编造”；set up“设立”；take up“开始从事，占据”。4B两年后，作者离开了病床，开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”。recall“回忆起”；avoid“避免”；accept“接受”。5D过了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is一段时间before.是固定句型，意为“过了才/就”。6B作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。assign“分配，分派”；treat“招待”；assure“使确信”。7D现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会。admit“承认”；expect“期待，期望”。8B参见上题解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住机会”，是固定搭配。knowledge“知识”；attention“注意力”；point“观点”。9D作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但却很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西。dismiss“不予理会，不予考虑”；list“列举”； define“给下定义，解释”。10. A参见上题解析。notice“注意到”；record“记录”；remember“记得”；track“跟踪”。11C根据上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem nowto hear and see”可知，此处指的应是作者以前不会注意到的东西。play“轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，the play of sunlight on water“阳光在水面上的闪烁”。12B作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。recovered“重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。13C比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合语境。in contrast“相反”；in return“作为回报”；by chance“偶然地”。14B这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样。regain“重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应。maintain“维持”；discover“发现”；forget“忘记”。15A作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的，而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情。remind“提醒”，符合语境。promise“许诺，允诺”；convince“使相信”。16B参见上题解析。moment“时刻”；inspiration“灵感”。17A参见第15题解析。pleased“快乐的，高兴的”；courageous“勇敢的”；confident“自信的”；strong“坚强的”。下文中的“Im wiser now，a little，and happier”亦是提示。18D它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。meanwhile“与此同时”；otherwise“否则”；however“然而”。19B作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。owe.to.“把归功于”，是固定用法。20A更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。awareness“意识，明白”符合语境。compromise“妥协”。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词介词/副词put _up_ 举起；升起；搭建；留宿defend. _against_ 防御；保卫以免受2介词名词_at_ ease 舒适；快活；自由自在_in_ general总的来说；通常_on_ the contrary相反地3其他形式_as_ if 好像_lose_ face 丢脸be _likely_ to 很可能；有希望turn ones _back_ to 背对；背弃as _well_ as 和一样好；而且；也；和用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Others say we can just “switch them off” _as if_ super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.(2017北京卷)2They help the body _defend_ itself _against_ some kinds of infections.(2016四川卷)3Though heavy rains may relieve the drought in California，they _are likely to_ cause surface flooding and other disasters.(2016江苏卷)4_In general_，they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.(2016四川卷)5You say he is easygoing，but I never feel _at ease_ with him.“inn.”必备短语一览in general 总的来说；通常in addition 另外，加之in advance 预先，事先in brief 简单地说in common 共用的，共有的in debt 欠债，欠情in difficulty 处境困难in hand 在进行中，待办理in person 亲自，本人in time 及时“on then.”必备短语荟萃on the contrary 相反on the march 在游行，在行军on the spot 在场，马上on the whole 总的来说，大体上on the other hand 另一方面三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。the first/last(one/person) to do sth.意为“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”。中国女排主教练郎平成为第一位既以运动员的身份又作为教练获得女排奥运冠军的人。Lang Ping，head coach of the Chinese womens volleyball team，has become _the first to win gold medals_ at the Olympics both as a coach and player.2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也并不一样。not all“并非所有的都”，表示部分否定。并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。_Not all are willing to do such work_，for it is quite hard for some of them.3.However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。If you study hard，you _are likely to be admitted to_ your dreaming university.【七选五】How to run international meetingsAs more of us do business across cultures，its best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries.Stick to the scheduleWhere：Germany，Austria，Japan Weve all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They dont start on time and they seem to repeat. 1 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 2 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not communicating efficiently. 3 Where：China，Malaysia，SingaporeDebating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting.Enjoy the interruptionsWhere：Italy，France，SpainWhen Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，hes no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues thereand in some parts of Franceattend based on their own timetable. 4 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed.Please，no small talkWhere：Finland，SwedenIn places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other peoples time.In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 5 These break