表格和曲线图的描写.doc

表格和曲线图的描写(description of tables and graphs)表格和曲线图具有信息表达集中、一目了然的特点，是科技文献中常用的表达手段之一。将图表中的信息转化为英语描述，要注意以下几点：一、认真观察，仔细分析图表信息，必须选择典型性、具有代表性的予以描述，突出重点，避免过多引用图表中的数字。二、抓住关键词，写作时注意文章的连贯性，恰当运用启承转合词语。三、图表作文结构一般分为三段。第一段描述图表的客观概况并阐述主题。第二段对图表中最有意义或最重要的信息进行描述、归纳或分析说明其原因。第三段写出结论或评论，有时提出解决问题的办法，或引发读者思考发展变化的前景和趋势。另外具体写作时还要注意：1 时态：没有时间按照的表格和曲线图，常用一般现在时；有时间参照的： 参照的时间在过去，用一般过去时； 如果叙述的是经常出现的情况，用一般现在时。2 需掌握的表达法：表示上升、下降的词语increase, go up, rise, raise, soar, rocket, grow, climb, double, triple, decrease, go down, fall, reduce, drop, decline, halveThere is a rapid rise / sharp increase inbe on the rise / increase; be in decline 或 be on the decline sudden decrease steady decline / gradual fall / slow drop / V.+ by 20 %V. + three times be three times as +adj. + asincrease to 常用句型：as-clauseAs + indicated/ seen / shown + from the table/ in the graph As is known in the table; As can be seen from the graph; as-clause简化为“as+V-ed”结构As can be seen from the table = As seen from the tableAs is shown in the table = As shown in the tableAs has been stated = As statedAs has been proved = As provedAs is shown in Fig.1 = As shown in Fig.1还可用：According to the table / chart / graph关于图表类作文的常用句式:1. As (is) shown by the graph/in the table, (概述图表）正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph, there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that（得出结论）From the statistics given in the table, it can be seen thatIt can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in.A.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.graph / concluded; figures / estimated; statistics3.amount to（数量总计）/ add up to / come to / sum up to / total / reach / be全部费用合计200美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.Increase to 4.increase fromto（数量增减）/ decrease / rise / fall / dropA.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons).C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人.The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.5.be three times as +形容词+ as总产量total output钢的年产量the annual output of steel 上升17 rise by 17per cent日产量the daily output ; The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily.导致产量下降result in a diminished output现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6.Compared with, 与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Compared with that of last year, the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长.The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.表示时间始末的词组：between 2000 and 2005during the period from 1990 to 2000over the period from 1995 to 1998over the past five years 表示对比的承接语：whereas, on the other hand, while, however作文示例及分析：Topic: Changes in Peoples DietDirections: 1. State the changes in peoples diet in the pastfive years; 2. Give possible reasons for the changes;3. Draw your own conclusions.（You should quote as few figures as possible.）YearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruits and Vegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100% 1. 仔细研读作文指令 2. 认真审查图表3. 抓住重点4. 注意文章的整体结构第一段： 错例The most change in peoples diet in the past five years is that the reduction of number and the increase of kind. People did not focus on a kind of food, but many kinds. For example, in 1986 there are 49% people eat grain. Only 10% drink milk. But in 1990, there are only 45% people eat grain. the increase to 13% people drink milk.此篇作文可这样描写：Model 1： In the past five years, great changes have been taking place in peoples diet. There is a general trend of decrease in the consumption of grain, while the consumption of some high-energy food, such as milk and meat, is increasing rapidly Why do people have these changes in their diet? In my opinion, there are two major reasons. For one thing, nowadays people have more money to buy the food with better nutrition, which is generally much more expensive than grain or vegetables. For another, they now pat attention not only to the quantity but also t the quality of their food. They have more knowledge in improving the structure of their food. From the above, we can see that in the past five years peoples living standard has been rising year by year. We can also expecting there will be a more prosperous future awaiting us. Model 2：In the past five years, there have been great changes in peoples diet. Grain, the staple food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet, while the consumption of high quality food, such as meat and milk has increased. What has caused the great changes? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples living standard. In the past, the main purpose of peoples diet is to keep people from being hungry. People were more concerned about the quantity of food, so grain constituted a larger portion of their diet. Now peoples attention is more focused on the quality of food, and they can afford more nutritious food such as meat and milk. Meanwhile, people are seeking a healthier and more balanced diet, so they again consume more fruit and vegetables which are rich in vitamins and minerals and good for health. So from the above, we can see the society is progressing and people are living a better life t