备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过考点07动词和动词短语（含解析）.docx

考点07 动词和动词短语高考频度： 英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语，实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。考向一常用动词辨析 1.advise，persuade，suggestadvise用作及物动词，表示劝告，忠告，建议，强调提醒或引起注意；persuade表示说服，强调劝说成功，主要搭配是：persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事（相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.）；如表示劝说但不一定成功，则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。suggest用作及物动词，意为建议，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句，从句中的谓语用should动词原形，should可以省略。 2bring，take，carry，fetch bring带来，拿来，取来，强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。take拿走，带走，强调把人或物从说话者身边带走，方向与bring相反。 fetch去拿来，去取来，强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相当于go and bring。 carry携带，搬运，运送，强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。 3win，beat，defeat win表示赢得，战胜时，宾语多是比赛项目等。win sb.则指赢得人心。 beat/defeat意为打败，击败，其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如：beat sb.打败某人；defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。 beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手；defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。 4believe，believe in believe表示相信，认为，侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。 believe in表示相信，信任，信仰，信奉，其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。 You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你应该相信自己，并且相信某天你将会成功的。 5book，order 二者都有订购，预订之意，但book指订各种票，座位；而order指餐馆订饭、菜，定做衣服，订货等，常用结构：place an order for sth. with sb.向某人订购某物。对比：book a ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间；order four dishes/ lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。 He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他订了一张四人桌，并且要了六个菜。6choose，select，elect choose表示选择，挑选，有时也表示推选，选举，但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择，没有elect正式。 select表示（精心地）挑选，选定，具有精选之意。 elect表示选举，指较大范围的正式的选举。 7disturb，interrupt disturb是及物动词，有打扰，扰乱，使人心神不安之意。常用短语：disturb the sleeping child/ones plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响；be disturbed about对感到不安。 interrupt有打断，打扰之意，侧重打断。常用短语：interrupt the supplies中断供应interrupt ones speech打断演讲 8hurt，injure，wound，harm hurt是一般用语，指精神或肉体上受到的伤害，有较强烈的疼痛意味； injure比hurt更正式，常指意外事故对身体或精神上的损害，损伤；wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤，尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤；harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害，特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等，使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。 9miss，losemiss意为未能赶上（抓住），错过，失去，漏掉。而lose意为丢失，迷失方向，迷路。10fit，be fit for，be fit to，suit fit用作及物或不及物动词，表示（衣服等）合适，使合身；be fit for是形容词短语，表示适合的，能胜任的，for后接名词或动名词；befit to表示适合，能胜任，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的适合，而fit指尺寸、大小的合适。 11save，spare save意为储蓄，节省，指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用，或指节省东西，避免浪费，也指救命。而spare意为省，指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。 12seat，sit seat是及物动词，意思是使坐下，可以接人作宾语，还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有：seat sb.使某人坐下；seat oneself自己坐下；be seatedsit down坐好。而sit是不及物动词，不能带宾语。 （2018新课标I卷完形填空）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars?41. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tried outD. turned down42. A. wasteB. earnC. saveD. pay考向二考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析 使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。 1.动词away构成的短语动词有： throw away扔掉put away把收拾好give away捐赠，分发carry away运走run away潜逃，跑开go away 走开 2动词for构成的短语动词有： answer for负责provide for供给 all for要求plan for打算，为计划hope for希望，期待ask for索取，寻找send for派人去请go for努力获取pay for偿还，赔偿3动词on构成的短语动词有：try on试穿，试验put on穿上，上演have on穿着，戴着pull on穿，戴hold on不挂断，坚持，继续carry on继续开展，坚持keep on继续go on继续get on上（车） 4动词over构成的短语动词有： come over过来hand over移交go over仔细检查，复习get over克服，恢复look over检查think over仔细考虑take over接受，接管hand over移交turn over翻转 5动词up构成的短语动词有： bring up抚育，培养call up召唤，打电话给come up走上前来，长出cut up切碎fix up修理give up放弃；go up上升，增长grow up 长大look up尊敬，向上看，查寻make up虚构，弥补，组成put up举起，搭建set up建立，创（纪录）pick up捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到send up发射show up揭露，露面turn up出现，把调高一点1. （2018江苏卷完形填空）Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been_36_ to pay lawyers fees.A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up【答案】B2. （2018天津卷单项填空）At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A3.（2017江苏卷完形填空）In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。根据 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up在出现，符合语境。6动词out构成的短语动词有： come out出来go out出去，熄灭look out留神，当心walk out走出set out出发，开始put out扑灭，生产give out发出，发表hand out分发pick out挑选find out找出，发现speak out大声地说turn out生产，结果是get out出去，离开carry out实行，执行work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通bring out出版start out出发，动身。 （2017江苏卷单项填空）Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B 【解析】考查短语辨析。hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手； B. bring out使显现，阐明，出版；C. pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取使显现之意，故选B。考向三常见同根动词短语辨析 1.bring bring in引进，挣得bring about引起，导致bring up养育，培养，呕吐，提出bring out使展现，推出（书等）bring down降低，使倒下bring back把带回来，使忆起bring forth结果，生产，产生bring forward提出，提前bring off圆满完成（困难之事） 2break break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解break up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止break through逾越，突破，冲破break away（from）挣脱，脱离break out爆发break in破门而入break into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰 break off折断，中断 3comecome about发生come out结果出来，出版，开花 come across偶遇，被理解come true变为现实come up走上前，被提出，走近come along一起来come up with产生，发现（解决办法等） 4give give up放弃give in屈服，呈交give out用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表give off发出 give away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠5go go against违背，与不符，对不利go without勉强维持，凑合go in for爱好，参加，从事go by过去，依据，按照go on继续，发生go over复习，仔细审查，走近go ahead 进行go through从头到尾地阅读，经历go away走开，外出度假，消失go for去取来或接来，争取得到 6keepkeep away（from）使远离keep back扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲keep off避开keep on继续keep out挡在外边，请勿靠近keep up保持，不低落，持续，继续keep up with跟上keep down抑制（以防其增长） 7looklook ahead向前看look about环顾look back回忆，回顾look out当心，找出look up向上看，查阅，看望look down upon看不起look through翻阅look into调查，向内看 look after照看，负责处理look on旁观look forward to盼望look round寻找，边走边看，观光8putput back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟put down平定，镇压，记下put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄put forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前put off延期put on穿戴，上映put out扑灭，生产put up举起，张贴9take take in吸收take for误认为take out拿出take down放下take up从事，拿起，占据take off飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功take by攻占take after像take along随身携带take away带走，拿走，使离去take back收回，退回（所购商品）take charge负责，掌管take on呈现，雇佣take out拿出，带出去take over接管，接任 1.（2018江苏卷单项填空） DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_ a clear road map and timetable.A. callsfor B. callsonC. callsoff D. callsup【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。2.The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will _the business?A. take inB. take upC. take onD. take over【答案】D10turn turn back折回，掉转头turn away转身，走开，打发走turn out结果是，赶出，生产，制造turn down拒绝，调小turn off关掉turn over翻过来，移交turn in上交（作业等），拐入 turn into变成，翻译 turn on打开，取决于turn to求助于，翻到turn up调大，出现 Tom had to_ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. turn inB. turn downC. turn over D. turn to【答案】B【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn in 上交； turn down拒绝； turn over 移交； turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。题组一 基础过关I.单项填空1.A sign of a liar is that his eyes are always _, thats to say, he doesnt dare to look into your eyes.A. disagreeingB. wonderingC. reflectingD. wandering2.The government will set up a group to_ways to improve the peoples living standard.A. run intoB. get intoC. look intoD. break into3.The visiting president answered journalists questions, saying the two countries should seek common ground and _differences on many problems.A. examineB. exploreC. assumeD. reserve4.You might_deer or horses as you walk through the farmland, where many animals live.A. come upB. come throughC. come acrossD. come over5.We all_Wang Yaping as an example of a woman who managed to fulfil her dream.A. look forward toB. look backC. look up toD. look over6.They kept trying, and their efforts finally _.A. make itB. paid offC. are made itD. are paid off7.In Britain today, women_44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A. take upB. make upC. pick upD. give up8.Its a good idea. But whos going to _the plan?I think Tom and Mike will.A. carry outB. get throughC. take inD. set aside9.As a student, I want to use my creativity to_ possible solutions to the problems I meet with.A. explain B. expressC. ignoreD. explore10.The policy of reducing the price of bus services provides you with a cheap way to _.A. get throughB. get acrossC. get overD. get around题组二 体验真题1. （2017天津卷单项填空）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in2. （2017天津卷完形填空）I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficulties that beat me before.A. get over B. run into C. look for D. put aside3. （2017新课标1卷完形填空）After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day.52. A. exerciseB. exploreC. expressD. explain53. A. printB. write C. signD. count4.（2016江苏）He did not _ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate5.（2016江苏）Many businesses started up by college students have_ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off6.（2016江苏）Parents should actively urge their children to_ the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to7.（2016天津）Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject. A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on8.（2016天津）Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A. put B. make C. take D. give9.（2016天津）I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to _ a conversation with her. A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off10.（2016浙江）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon题组一基础过关单项填空2.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府将成立一个组去研究提高人民生活水平的方法。run into偶然遇见；get into进入；look into调查，研究；break into闯入。3.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：来访的总统在答记者问时说，在许多问题上，两国应当求同存异。examine检查；explore探索：assume假设；reserve保留。4.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在穿过农场时，你可能会碰到鹿或马，那儿有很多动物。come up出现，到来；come through安然度过；come across(偶然)碰见；come over来访，拜访。5.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：王亚平作为一个妇女的典范受到我们所有人的尊敬，她努力实现了自己的梦想。look up to sb.表示尊敬某人。6.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们一直努力，而且他们的努力终于奏效了。make it成功，到达，无被动形式，排除C项；A项时态错误；pay off意为(计划等)奏效时，也没有被动形式。故选B项。7.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今的英国劳动力中，女性占了44%，而且近一半的有孩子的母亲在工作赚钱。make up构成，符合句意。take up开始从事(新的工作)，占据(一定的时间或空间)； pick up捡起，接收；give up放弃。