版2019版高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷21Unit1Greatscientists新人教版必修.doc

Unit 1 Great scientists .阅读理解A(2018广东中山纪念中学高三模拟)Teacher, Lawyer, Doctorwhen someone says “career”， these classic jobs are the first ones you think about, right? Weve found four uncommon careers with awesome and unusual benefits.Chief Listening OfficerYou may not have heard of a Chief Listening Officer, but theyve probably heard from you. CLOs closely monitor social platforms and conversations to keep an eye (and ear！) on whats being said about their company or brand. Your work enables a fast response to any and all complaints, questions, or misinformation.Why its awesome: This job is on the rise. As more organizations rely on social media for market research and customer service, the position of CLO will only become more important.Food StylistMouthwatering restaurant commercials and wasteful magazine photographs of delicious food dont come easy: it takes the work of a food stylist to make it all happen. Armed with cooking skills, creative style, and tools ranging from lipstick to lard, you get food ready for its photograph.Why its awesome: This is one of those rare cooking jobs that provide chances to create, but dont require you to slave away in a restaurant kitchen.Global Mobility ConsultantAs a global mobility consultant, you help employees make smooth transitions(过渡) into their new homeswhether its in Bangkok, Berlin, or the next state over.Why its awesome: If youre the type who enjoys travel and likes learning about other cultures, systems and traditions, this career could be a perfect fit. As companies continue to expand across borders, this position is expected to grow by 21 percent over the next few years.Computational LinguistComputational Linguists help computers and humans communicate with each other. More specifically, you create computer programs that can translate, transcribe, and comprehend regular, human language.Why its awesome: This field is the front line for exciting technological areas like speech recognition and artificial intelligence. In other words, you could help create robots.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了四种不同寻常的职业：首席收听官，食物造型师，全球流动性顾问和计算机语言学家。1What does a Chief Listening Officer do?ADo market research.BListen to chief officers.CRespond to customers opinions. DTrack social platforms and conversations.解析 D细节理解题。根据Chief Listening Officer中第一段第二句可知，CLO的工作就是监听和搜集社交平台和对话中对他们任职公司的或品牌的谈论，其中Track和文中的monitor为同义词，故选D项。2What is vital if you want to be a food stylist?AHard work in a restaurant kitchen. BRestaurants and delicious food.CCooking skills and creativity.DCommercials and magazines.解析 C细节理解题。根据Food Stylist中第一段第二句可知，当你具备了厨艺、创新造型和工具，你就为你的食物拍照作好了准备，所以对食品造型师来说重要的是厨艺和创造性，故选C项。3What may contribute to the growing need for global mobility consultants?APeoples love for travel.BPeoples interest in other cultures.CEmployees desire for great progress.DCompanies tendency to expand globally.解析 D细节理解题。根据Gobal Mobility Consultant中第二段最后一句可知，导致对全球流动咨询师的需求上涨的原因是各公司不断的跨国扩张(发展)，故选D项。4What are computational linguists good at according to the text?ABoth computers and languages.BCommunicating with others.CSpeech recognition.DCreating robots.解析 A推理判断题。根据Computational Linguist中第一段第二句可知，计算机语言学家是编写程序使计算机能翻译、转换和理解人类常用语言，也就是说他们要对计算机和人类语言都擅长才能完成这一工作，故选A项。BJoseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldbergers idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldbergers wife. None of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fiftyfive years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra: a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.语篇导读本文为记叙文，介绍了美国医生约瑟夫古德伯格研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。约瑟夫古德伯格医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。5Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?APeople in America.BPeople put into prison.CPeople having a poor diet.DPeople touching pellagra patients.解析 C细节理解题。根据第二段第三句，再结合古德伯格在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在古德伯格看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病，故选C项。6What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?APellagra wasnt so terrible.BPellagra didnt spread.CPellagra could be cured.DPellagra wasnt a medical problem.解析 B推理判断题。根据第二段提到的古德伯格认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容和结果可推知，古德伯格进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不会传染，故选B项。7Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?ADevoted and determined.BSelfless and friendly.CPatient and expert.DStubborn and enthusiastic.解析 A推理判断题。文中提到的古德伯格在监狱及在他自己身上作实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可古德伯格的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定，故选A项。.语法填空Scientists have discovered that 1staying (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fatthe type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, 2which helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results 3in weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, 4comfortable (comfort) temperatures, our bodys need for brown fat has decreased. They found that outdoor workers in northern Finland who 5are exposed (expose) to cold temperature have 6a significant amount of brown fat when 7compared (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. 8One group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets. The researchers said this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have 9lower (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could 10possibly (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.语篇导读本文为说明文。科学家发现处在寒冷的环境中有助于减肥，因为处在寒冷的环境中能提高一种蛋白质的含量，这种蛋白质有助于形成褐色脂肪，而褐色脂肪可以燃烧能量。1staying解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家已发现处在寒冷的环境中有助于我们减肥。分析句子结构可知此处应用动名词作主语。2which解析 考查连词。句意：褐色脂肪燃烧能量，这有助于我们减肥。所填词引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代前面整句话，故用which引导。3in解析 考查介词。句意：白色脂肪储存多余的能量，这会导致体重增加。result in导致；造成，为固定搭配。4comfortable解析 考查词性转换。句意：研究人员说因为空调和供暖给我们提供了持续且舒适的温度，我们身体对褐色脂肪的需求下降了。空处和constant之间为并列关系，共同作temperatures的定语，故应用形容词。5are exposed解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他们发现芬兰北部暴露在寒冷温度中的室外工人与同样年龄的室内工人相比，拥有大量的褐色脂肪。expose是及物动词，who指代上文的workers, be exposed to暴露在之下，根据主谓一致原则，故填are exposed。6a解析 考查冠词。a significant amount of大量的，为固定搭配。7compared解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是“连词分词”结构，compare和句子主语outdoor workers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词。8One解析 考查数词。句意：一组老鼠被注射了有助于产生褐色脂肪的蛋白质。根据上文内容可知，此处指两组中的一组，因为位于句首，故填One。9lower解析 考查比较等级。句意：肥胖的人比瘦的人的褐色脂肪水平要低。根据句中的than可知，此处应用low的比较级修饰名词levels。10possibly解析 考查词性转换。句意：如果你能用某种方法提高这种蛋白质的水平，即使吃同样多的食物，你可能减掉更多的体重。副词作状语修饰动词lose。.短文改错I am very happy that you are interested in the protection of antelopes in China, so Id like to tell you about it. In the past, some people antelopes for their free fur which can be made into many beautiful things that are very expensive. A