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液压压砖机设计【含8张CAD图纸】
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液压压砖机设计
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液压压砖机设计【
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毕业设计（论文）任务书 机电工程学院 学院 机械设计制造及其自动化 专业设计（论文）题目 液压压砖机 学 生 姓 名 班 级 起 止 日 期 指 导 教 师 教研室主任 发任务书日期 年 02 月 25 日1.毕业设计的背景： 中国现已是世界公认的墙地砖生产大国，有着世界最大的压砖机市场。但在压砖机上，却一直依赖于进口，其中主要来年自意大利和德国，自国家“七五”计划以来，。由国家建材局组织实施的墙地砖技术装备现代化和国产化项目不断取得进步，在自主开发与国外先进技术相结合，引进技术与消化吸收相结合的方针指导下，国产液压压砖机取得了从无到有、从小到大的重大发展和技术进步，填补了国内空白，并且产品还开始出口到东南亚等国。2.毕业设计(论文)的内容和要求： 本文主要内容就是了解液压压砖机的整体结构，对液压机本体结构的主要部件进行强度核算，保证机器的运行安全。同时根据压力和流量这两个液压系统的主要参数来选择液压元、辅件和原动机的规格。最后对液压机的技术性能进行估算，以便从几种设计方案中比较出最佳方案，或判断其设计质量。本次毕业设计的要求主要有：1撰写毕业设计说明书一份(包括：封面、中文及外文摘要、目录、正文、 参考文献、附录等内容)2. 毕业设计说明书按学校统一要求撰写3. 绘制一定数量的设计图纸3.主要参考文献： 1 俞新陆主编，液压机.北京：，19822 官忠范主编，液压传动系统 北京：机械工业出版社， 19983 王春行主编，液压控制系统 第2版 北京：机械工业出版社 20004 林建亚，何存心主编 液压元件 北京：机械工业出版社 19885 雷天觉主编，新编液压工程手册.北京：北京理工大学出版社 19984.毕业设计(论文)进度计划(以周为单位)：起 止 日 期工 作 内 容备 注1-2周3-4周5-6周7-8周9-10周11-13周14-15周结合课题进行相关实地考察，查询相关文献，收集资料。综合分析文献资料，提出和论证压砖机总体设计方案。对液压系统进行分析，设计其本体设计。完成液压机的选型计算。完成液压泵的选型计算。完成液压元件的选型计算。绘压砖机的总装图及各零件图。在综合设计的基础上，校核和改正设计的不完善之处，撰写毕业论文。教研室审查意见： 室主任 年 月 日学院审查意见： 教学院长 年 月 日附录附录1NC technology and equipment, trends and countermeasures -Alexander LudwigAbstract: This paper describes the current world NC technology and equipment and the development trend of Chinas CNC equipment and technology development and industrialization of the status quo, based on this discussion in Chinas WTO accession and opening up further deepen under the new circumstances, the development of China NC technology and equipment, and enhance the countrys information industry and the level of international competitiveness of the importance of strategy and tactics from the two dimensions of the development of Chinas technology and equipment NC Viewpoints. Industrial equipment of the technological level and degree of modernization of the national economy as a whole is determined by the level and degree of modernization, NC technology and equipment is the development of new high-tech industries and cutting-edge industries (such as information technology and related industries, biotechnology and related industries, aviation, aerospace and other defense industrial) enabling technology and the most basic equipment. Marx once said that the difference between various economic times, what is not production, and production is how, what labor production. Manufacturing technology and equipment, is the most basic of human activities in the production of capital goods, and numerical control technology is todays advanced manufacturing technology and equipment, the core technology. The world today manufacturing CNC technology widely used to enhance manufacturing capability and the level of increase on the dynamic ability to adapt to changing market and competitive ability. In addition to the worlds industrialized countries will NC NC technology and equipment as a national strategic commodities, not only to take significant measures to develop its own CNC technology and its industries, but also in the high-tech key technology and equipment NC aspects of the implementation of Chinas policy of closures and restrictions. In short, vigorously develop its NC technology as the core of advanced manufacturing technology has become the worlds least developed countries to accelerate economic development and enhance the overall national strength and an important way to statehood. NC technology is the use of digital information on the mechanical movement and the work process control technology, NC NC technology equipment is the representative of new technologies on traditional manufacturing industries and new manufacturing formation of the infiltration of electromechanical integration products, the so-called Digital equipment, and its technical covering many areas: (1) Machinery Manufacturing Technology (2) information processing, processing, transmission technology, (3) automatic control technology, (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology. 1 NC technology development trends NC technology applications not only to the traditional manufacturing sector has brought revolutionary changes in the manufacturing industry as a symbol of industrialization, and along with the constant development of NC technology and the expansion of the area of application, he comes to some important sectors (IT , automobiles, light industry, health care, etc.), playing an increasingly important role in these industries because of digital equipment needed is the development of the modern trend. Judging from the current NC Technology and the world view of the trend of the development of equipment, and its main research focus in the following areas 1 4. 1.1 high-speed, high-technology and equipment finishing the new trend Efficiency, and quality is the main body of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high-finishing technologies can greatly improve the efficiency, improve product quality and grades, shortening the production cycle and improve market competitiveness. For this reason Japan will tip its technology research as five of the modern manufacturing technology, and international production Engineering Society (CIRP) will be identified as the center of the 21st century one of the research directions. In the car industry, the annual production of 300,000 is 40 seconds beats / units, and car variety processing equipment is the key problems must be solved one of the aviation and aerospace industry, processing for more than thin-walled parts and the thin line, stiffness poor material for aluminum or aluminum alloy, and only in high cutting speed cutting force small circumstances, can these tendons, wall processing. Recently a large overall aluminum alloy billets hollowing out approach to manufacture wings, fuselage and other parts to replace large number of parts by many rivets, screws and other foodstuff to connect to the component strength, stiffness and reliability has been upgraded. All of the processing equipment to the high-speed, high-precision and high flexibility requirements. EMO2001 show from the point of view, high-speed machining centers to speed up to 80 m / min, or even higher, air speed of 100 m / min or so. At present many of the worlds automobile plants, including Chinas Shanghai General Motors Corp., have already been used in high-speed machining center of the production line of alternative combinations machine. CINCINNATI the United States HyperMach largest machine tool to speed up to 60 m / min, and rapid 100 m / min, the acceleration of 2 g, spindle speed reached 60 000r/min. A thin-walled processing aircraft parts, only 30 min, and the same high-speed milling machine parts in the general processing takes 3 h, in the general milling machine processing to 8 h; Germany DMGs dual-spindle lathe spindle speed and acceleration respectively 12 *! 000 r / mm and 1 g. In the processing accuracy, the past 10 years, the general level of machining precision CNC machine has been raised to 10 m 5 m, precision-machining center from 3 to 5 m, and increased to 1 1.5 m, and ultra-precision machining accuracy has entered nanotechnology - (0.01 m). In the reliability of foreign NC device MTBF value has reached more than 6 000h, the servo system MTBF value reached more than 30000 h, showing very high reliability. In order to achieve high-speed, high-finishing, ancillary components such as the spindle, linear motors have been rapid development of application areas further expanded. 1.2 5-axis machining and composite machining and rapid development On a 5-axis machining 3D parts can be the best tool for cutting geometry, and not only finish high, and also greatly improve efficiency. Generally believed that, one 5-axis machine tools can be equivalent to the efficiency of 2 - 3-axis machine tools, in particular the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials for high-speed milling cutter hardened steel components, the 5-axis machining comparable 3-axis Processing play higher efficiency. But in the past because of 5-axis CNC system, host of complex reasons, its price than the 3-axis CNC machine tool is several times higher, and the more difficult programming technology, restricted the 5-axis machine tool development. At present, due to the emergence of electro-spindle, and make the attainment of the 5-axis machining spindle head composite structure substantially simplified its manufacturing difficulties and costs lowered significantly, NC system narrowing the price gap. Therefore promotion of the first type of spindle 5-axis machine tools and machining complex (including 5-sided machining) development. In EMO2001 exhibition, the new Japan-5-sided machining machine tool spindle first compound can be realized four vertical plane processing and the processing of arbitrary angle, making 5-sided machining and 5-axis machining can be realized on the same machine, tilted surface can be realized and inverted cone-processing. German companies at DMG DMUVoution Series machining centers, in a fixture of 5-sided machining and 5-axis machining, CNC system can be controlled or CAD / CAM direct or indirect control. 1.3 intelligent, open, network-based CNC system, as one of the major trends in the development of 21 NC equipment will be is a certain intelligent systems, intelligent content included in the NC system in all aspects: the pursuit of processing efficiency and the quality of the intelligent processing, such as the adaptive process control, process Automatic Generation of parameters; drive to improve performance and to facilitate the use of the intelligent connections, such as feedforward control, the electrical parameters of adaptive computing, automatic identification load automatically selected model, self-tuning, etc.; simplify programming, simplifying the operation Intelligent, such as intelligent automatic programming, and intelligent human-machine interface; also intelligent diagnosis, intelligent monitoring the contents of the system to facilitate the diagnosis and maintenance. To address the traditional system of NC NC closed and the application software industry production existing problems. Many countries to open CNC systems research, such as the United States of NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), the EC OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), Chinas ONC (Open Numerical Control System). CNC system has become open NC The future of the system. The so-called open CNC system is the development of CNC system can be run in a unified platform, and the machine tool manufacturers and end-users, by changing, adding or tailoring of objects (NC function), a serialization, and easy to the customers specific application and technical know-how to control system integration, rapid realization of different varieties, different grades of open CNC system and form a distinctive brand products. NC current open system architecture norms, communications specification, the standard configuration, operation platform, the system functions as well as NC NC system software development tools, and is the core of the current study. NC network equipment in the last two years internationally renowned Machine Tool Exposition of a new bright spot. NC network equipment will be great to meet production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing enterprise information integration needs is a new manufacturing paradigm as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprise, the basis of global manufacturing unit. Some well-known at home and abroad CNC machine tools and CNC system manufacturing company in the past two years introduced a related new concepts and prototypes, such as EMO2001 exhibition, Japan Yamasaki file (Mazak) exhibited CyberProduction Center (Intelligent Production Control Center, or CPC), Japan Okuma (Okuma) machine tool companies exhibited the IT plaza (Information Technology Square, as IT Plaza); Germanys Siemens (Siemens) at the companys Open Manufacturing Environment (open manufacturing environment, or OME ), reflecting the network CNC machining to develop in the direction of the trend. 1.4 emphasis on new technical standards, the establishment of norms 1.4.1 on the NC system design and development norms As mentioned earlier, open CNC system better interoperability, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, the United States, the EC and Japan, and other countries have implemented strategic development plan, and open architecture CNC system norms (OMAC, OSACA, OSEC) research and development of the worlds three largest economies in the short term was almost the same as the scientific programme and the development of norms, NC foretells a new technology changes the coming period. China in 2000 also began in China ONC CNC system of research and normative framework for the development. 1.4.2 on the NC Standard NC manufacturing standards of the development of information a trend. CNC technology was born 50 years after the exchange of information are based on the ISO6983 standard, that is, by G and M code describe how (how) processing, and its essential character-oriented process, it is clear that he has become increasingly unable to meet modern NC High-speed technology development needs. To this end, the international community is research and development of a new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC), the aim is to provide a system not dependent on the specific neutral mechanism, can describe the entire life cycle of products within the unified data model in order to achieve the manufacturing process, as well as various industrial fields standardized product information. STEP-NC is likely NC technology is a revolution, the development of the NC and the entire manufacturing sector, it will have far-reaching implications. First, the STEP-NC A new manufacturing philosophy, the traditional manufacturing concepts, NC machining process are concentrated in a single computer. And in the new standards, the NC program can be distributed on the Internet, which is open CNC technology, the network of the direction of development. Secondly, the STEP-NC NC system can be greatly reduced processing drawings (about 75%), preparation of processing time (approximately 35%) and processing time (approximately 50%). At present, Europe and the United States attach great importance to the STEP-NC research, Europe launched the STEP-NC IMS plan (1999.1.1 2001.12.31). Participating in the scheme from Europe and Japan 20 CAD / CAM / CAPP / CNC users, vendors and academic institutions. United States STEP Tools Inc. is the world of manufacturing data exchange software development, he has developed for CNC machining exchange of information super model (Super Model), its goal is to use a unified description of all norms process. At present this new data exchange format has been equipped with SIEMENS, and the European OSACA FIDIA NC-NC prototype of the system was verified. 2 Two pairs of NC technology and the development of basic industries estimate CNC technology in China started in 1958, the last 50 years of development history can be broadly classified into three stages: the first stage, from 1958 to 1979, that is a closed stage of development. At this stage, as foreign technology blockade and our basic conditions, the development of NC technology more slowly. The second stage is in the countrys June 5, July 5, and during the Eighth Five early, that is, the introduction of technology, digestion and absorption, initially established system of the domestic stage. At this stage, due to reform and opening up and national attention, and research and development environment and the improvement of the international environment, Chinas CNC technology research and development as well as in the area of domestic products has made considerable progress. The third stage is in the countrys Eighth Five and later Ninth Five-Year period, that is the implementation of the industrialization of research into market competition stage. At this stage, Chinas domestic industries of CNC equipment has made substantial progress. In the Ninth Five-Year, the China CNC machine tool of the domestic market share of 50%, with domestic CNC system (universal type) also reached 10%. Throughout Chinas CNC technology nearly 50 years of development history, particularly after four five-year plan and tackle the general view in the following results. A. laid the basis for the development of numerical control technology, basically mastered the modern CNC technology. China has basically mastered from the NC system, servo-driven, NC console, accessories, and parts of the plane and its technical basis, the majority of whom possesses the technology has been the basis for the development of commercialization, technology has been part of the commercialization and industrialization of. B. initially formed a NC industrial base. In the research results and commercialization of the technology on the basis of the establishment of the NC Central China, such as aerospace, such as production capacity NC NC systems production plant. Maryland Motor Works, a group of central NC servo system and servo motor manufacturing plant, as well as Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant, Jinan first of a number of CNC machine tool plant host plant. These factories basically formed the countrys industrial base NC. C. NC established a research, development, the basic team management personnel. While in the research and development of NC technology and industrialization of China has made remarkable progress, but we have to clearly recognize that Chinas high-end CNC technology research and development, especially in the industrialization of the status quo and the technological level of Chinas practical needs there is still a significant gap. Although longitudinal look at the development of our country very fast, but horizontal ratio (compared with other countries) there is a gap between the level of technology not only in certain areas there is a gap between the speed of development, that is, some of sophisticated CNC equipment to expand the gap between the level of technology trends. From the international perspective, the level of Chinas CNC technology and the level of industry estimates are as follows. A. technical level, with foreign advanced level of about 10 to 15 years behind in even more sophisticated technology. B. industry level, the market share of low coverage of small, no large-scale production of components and complete sets of specialized production and low capacity level; appearance of a relatively poor quality, reliability is not high, lack of commercialization; Domestic NC system is not yet set up their own brand, users lack of confidence. C. the capacity for sustainable development, the competition before NC technology research and development, engineering capability is weak; NC efforts to expand the area of application is not strong; relevant standards of the study, formulation, lagging behind. Analysis of the main reasons for the gap exist in the following areas. A. awareness. NC process of the domestic industry arduous, complex and long-term understanding of the characteristics of inadequate market regulations, the blockade and stifle foreign institutional underestimating the difficulties, such as; NC technology to Chinas level and ability of not enough. B. system aspects. From a technical point of concern NC Industrialization of the time, from the system, the perspective of industrial chain NC industries considered when the issue of less quality without the establishment of a complete support system, comprehensive training, service network support system. C. mechanism. Adverse mechanism caused the brain drain, and the technical constraints and technical route innovation, product innovation, and restricting the effective implementation of the planning, often planning vision, implementation difficulties. D. technology. Enterprises in the technical aspects of the capability of independent innovation is not strong, core technical engineering capability is not strong. Machine Tool standards backward, lower level, the CNC system on the new standards inadequate. Three pairs of NC technology and industrial development of the strategic thinking 3.1 strategic considerations China is Zhicaodaguo, transfer of industries in the world, we should try to accept front-end and back-end instead of the transfer, that is, to master core technologies and advanced manufacturing, or in the new round of international industrial restructuring, Chinas manufacturing industry will be further empty core. Our resources, the environment, the market price of the exchange may be only the worlds new economic structure of the international processing center and assembly centers rather than grasp core technology manufacturing centre, which will seriously affect our modern manufacturing process of development. We should stand on national security importance to the strategic height of NC technology and industrial problems, first of all from social security, because manufacturing employment in China is the most populous industries, the manufacturing sector can not only improve the peoples standard of living, but also to ease China the pressure on employment and social stability; followed from national defense and security, the developed countries of the West to NC sophisticated products are classified as national strategic material for our country to achieve the embargo and restrictions, Toshiba incident, and Babcock Andean Report is the best example. 3.2 Development Strategy Chinas basic national conditions from the perspective of the national economy and the strategic demands of the market demand, Chinas manufacturing equipment to enhance the capabilities and competitiveness of the industry as the objective, systematic approach used, choose to lead the early 21st century in China upgrading manufacturing equipment industry to develop the key technologies, as well as support for industry support of the development of technology, supporting research and development of technology as the content, achieving manufacturing equipment industry jump-style development. That market demand-driven, that is, NC terminal products, to complete machine (such as the Large-volume CNC lathes, milling machines, high-speed high-precision CNC machine tool performance, typical of digital machinery, key industries, key equipment, etc.) NC led the development of the industry. Focus on resolving the CNC systems and related components (digital servo systems and motors, high-speed spindle system, and a new annex equipment, etc.) and the reliability of the scale of production. No scale there will be no high-reliability products; no scale there will be no cheap and competitive products; course, the scale of Chinas CNC no equipment ultimately it difficult to make its mark. R & D in high-tech equipment, to emphasize the industry, academia, research and the close integration of end-users, do and proper utilization, and sell off as the target, the country will implement key to solve the country urgently needed . NC in the pre-competitive technology, emphasis on innovation, research and development that have independent intellectual property rights to the technologies and products for Chinas CNC industry, the equipment manufacturing industry and the whole manufacturing sector lay the foundation for sustainable development. References: 1 China Machine Tool Industry Association of Industry Development. CIMT2001 Parade J. World manufacturing technology and equipment market in 2001 (3) :18-20. 2 beam training WANG Xuan, robust-you. Machine tool technology trends in the development of new J. World manufacturing technology and equipment market in 2001 (3): 21-19-28. 3 China Machine Tool Industry Association of NC System Branch. CIMT2001 Parade J. World manufacturing technology and equipment market in 2001 (5) :13-17. 4 Yang Xue-tong, Lidongru, Wen Li, and so on? Away from the CNC technology development strategy research M. Beijing: National Machinery Industry, 2000附录2数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策 -Alexander Ludwig摘要：简要介绍了当今世界数控技术及装备发展的趋势及我国数控装备技术发展和产业化的现状，在此基础上讨论了在我国加入WTO和对外开放进一步深化的新环境下，发展我国数控技术及装备、提高我国制造业信息化水平和国际竞争能力的重要性，并从战略和策略两个层面提出了发展我国数控技术及装备的几点看法。 装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产”。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料，而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之，大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：(1)机械制造技术；(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术；(3)自动控制技术；(4)伺服驱动技术；(5)传感器技术；(6)软件技术等。1数控技术的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方面14。11高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（CIRP）将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。在轿车工业领域，年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一；在航空和宇航工业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋，刚度很差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下，才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。从EMO2001展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达100m/min左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min，快速为100m/min，加速度达2g，主轴转速已达60000r/min。加工一薄壁飞机零件，只用30min，而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3h，在普通铣床加工需8h；德国DMG公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达12*!000r/mm和1g。在加工精度方面，近10年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10m提高到5m，精密级加工中心则从35m，提高到11.5m，并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级(0.01m)。在可靠性方面，国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6000h以上，伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展，应用领域进一步扩大。1.25轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含5面加工机床）的发展。在EMO2001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。1.3智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的NGC(TheNextGenerationWork-Station/MachineControl)、欧共体的OSACA(OpenSystemArchitectureforControlwithinAutomationSystems)日本的OSEC(OpenSystemEnvironmentforController)，中国的ONC(OpenNumericalControlSystem)等。数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机，如在EMO2001展中，日本山崎马扎克（Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProductionCenter”（智能生产控制中心，简称CPC)；日本大隈（Okuma）机床公司展出“ITplaza”（信息技术广场，简称IT广场)；德国西门子(Siemens)公司展出的OpenManufacturingEnvironment（开放制造环境，简称OME）等，反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。1.4重视新技术标准、规范的建立1.4.1关于数控系统设计开发规范如前所述，开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性，美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划，并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定，预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。 1.4.2关于数控标准数控标准是制造业信息化发展的一种趋势
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