广东省广州市天河区2019高考英语二轮复习阅读理解及解析（科普类）04专题训练（含解析）.docx

阅读理解（科普类）04九、How fit are your teeth? Are you lazy about brushing them? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone. The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection. The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (dont forget the insides of the teeth!) and make sure youre brushing long enough. “Its kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,” says Thomas Serval, the French inventor. The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,” Several says. Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed. The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $99 to $199, developing on features. The U.S. is the first target market. Serval says that one day, itll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush. 56. Which is one of the feature of the Kolibree toothbrush? A. It can sense how users brush their teeth. B. It can track users school performance. C. It can detect users fear of seeing a dentist. D. It can help users find their phones. 57. What can we learn from Servals words in Paragraph 3? A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist. B. You should see your dentist on a day-to day basis. C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist. D. Youd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day. 58. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun? A. It can be used to update mobile phones. B. It can be used to play mobile phone games C. It can send messages to other users D. It can talk to its developers. 59. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B. Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary. C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush 60. What can we infer about Servals children? A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes. C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head. D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home. 61. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree? A. The brush handle will be removed. B. A mobile phone will be built into it. C. It will be used to fill holes in teeth D. It will be able to check users teeth 【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新的发明：the Kolibree toothbrush;介绍了这种牙刷的特点及功能。以及这个发明的起因和具体的用法。56. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第二段2,3行It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone可知这种牙刷可以感觉到牙刷的移动并向手机发射与此有关信息的信号。也就是说这种牙刷可以感觉到用户如何刷牙。故A正确。57. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节题。根据第三段2,3行“Its kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”可知这种牙刷会让你感觉到有一个牙医在注意着你如何刷牙并指导你如何刷牙。故C正确。58【答案】.B 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第四段2,3行developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. “We try to make it smart but also fun,”可知还可以用这个来玩游戏，让它具有娱乐性。故B正确。59. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第五段前3行Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.可知作为父亲的他经常发现孩子不刷牙。所以他想找一个方法来监督孩子刷牙，他才有了发明这样的事物的想法。故本段是为了说明他有这样的发明的原因，也就是：是什么鼓励着他发明出The Kolibree toothbrush。故D正确。60. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理题。根据第五段2,3行He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.可知Serval问孩子们有没有刷牙，孩子说“yes”，但是牙刷还是干的。什么吗孩子没有刷牙。是因为他们不喜欢刷牙，这是他们不喜欢做的事情。故A正确。61. 【答案】D 【试题解析】推理题。根据文章最后一句The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush. 可知牙刷上装的相机甚至能够检查你的牙齿上的小洞。说明它可以检查你的牙齿。故D项正确。【长难句解析】1.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush.【翻译】这种牙刷还可以和其他的手机应用进行交流，那么开发者就可以创造一种由你的牙刷控制的游戏。【分析】本句中的so表示上下文之间的因果关系，是一个并列连词。句中的for instance是一个插入语，过去分词短语controlled by your toothbrush在句中充当定语修饰前面的名词a game，这主要是因为动词control与game之间构成被动关系。2. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.【翻译】他下班回家以后经常会问他的孩子是否已经刷牙了。【分析】本句中的情态动词would表示过去常常做某事，would表示过去常常做，现在可能还在做；而used to do sth表示过去常常做，现在不做了。另外句中的宾语从句if they had brushed their teeth中的if表示“是否”，而不是“如果”。十、With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the night owl schedule ofThis is opposed to the early bird schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as night owls and only 10 percent can be classified as early birds - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.43. What docs the author stress in Paragraph I?A. Many students are absent from class.B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.44. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.B. Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems.C. Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D. Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern.45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word classified?A. Criticised. B. Grouped. C. Organised. D. Named.46. What docs the text mainly talk about?A. Functions of the body clock. B. The night owl phenomenon.C. Human beings sleep behaviour. D. The school schedule of early birds.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文属于说明文中的科普类短文。很多学生在星期一上课时难以将他们的睡眠周期调整到正常为引子，解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。43. 【答案】 C 【试题解析】推理题。文章开头it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes;可知在星期一早上的课上只有20%的学生到位；在上课15分钟后还有10%的学生还醒着，甚至有人还穿着睡衣，而最终归结到第一段最后一句Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule。可知学生还没有调整好自己的睡眠模式。故C正确。44. 【答案】 D【试题解析】推理题。根据文章第二段2,3行the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents醒睡周期在青少年身上被推迟了；以及第三段话1,2行This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight可知，这种“night owl”现象是一种睡眠形式的紊乱，并不是好的睡眠周期。故D正确。45. 【答案】 B【试题解析】猜测词义题。根据此句Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as night owls and only 10 percent can be classified as early birds - the other 70 percent are in the middle.：调查结果表明大约20%的人可归类为“猫头鹰”型，只有10%的人可以归为“早起”型。此处classify应为“归类，分类”等意思。把不同的人分为不同的类型。故B正确。46. 【答案】B 【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文通过星期一早晨学生很难从原来的睡眠模式里转换调整来导入“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。故B正确。【长难句解析】With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first I5 minutes;【翻译】安全了大约100个学生参加星期一9点的演讲，一点也不令人惊讶的是几乎有20个人能够准时到位，在开始15分钟以后仍然有10个人还醒着【分析】本句中含有一个with的复合结构With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture。with复合结构在语法功能上相当于状语从句，其基本结构为：with+宾语+宾语补足语；宾语补足语可以是名词，代词，形容词，副词，现在分词，或者过去分词，也可以是不定式等。对宾语的情况进行补充说明。当宾语补足语中的动词与宾语构成被动关系的时候，使用过去分词的形式；当二者构成主动关系的时候，使用现在分词的形式。要特别要注意With的复合结构经常与独立主格结构转换使用。十一、Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status, said Professor Ryan.Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations andour body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryans recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, mens ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concluded: Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise peoples abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal.47. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A. Placebo. B. Oxytocin.C. The gesture. D. The social status.48. What can we learn from Professor Ryans previous experiment?A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others success.D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand peoples behavior differences.49. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.C. To know peoples different abilities to answer questions.D. To test peoples understanding of body language.50. The author develops the text by_.A. explaining peoples behaviors B. describing his own experiencesC. distinguishing sexual differences D. discussing research experiments【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】文章讲述了Professor Ryan调查实验，实验告诉我们荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们辨认不同的社会交往的能力；男女之间行为的差异是由主要是荷尔蒙的生物因素所引起的。47. 【答案】 B 【试题解析】细节题。根据文章第一段1,2行Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found its all down to the hormone oxytocin(荷尔蒙催生素)可知，男女之间行为表现的不同是由于荷尔蒙催生素水平的不一样导致的。故B正确。48