浙江省2019年高考英语二轮复习专题三完形填空讲义.docx

完形填空完形填空真题检测(一)2018年6月浙江高考We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it_36_to have too much time?I_37_ back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also_38_ a team sport.By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it_39_.When I got into college, things_40_.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this_41_time, there was no sense of_42_to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a_43_.Once that happened, I just kept_44_ my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was _45_ really late at night to get my work done.One day I _46_ a former classmate of mine who was_47_ a lot of money running a sideline (副业)Since his regular job was_48_， I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline fulltime.He said without the job, he would_49_ have too much time and would just do what I did back in _50_.He said that if he_51_ the job, he would lose his_52_ to work and succeed.So, try _53_ your time with other work.This is why there is a_54_ that if you want something done, ask a_55_ person to do it.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们：拥有太多时间就会拖延做事情，时间紧迫反而能合理安排时间把事情做好。36A.trueBfairCstrange Dpossible解析：选D作者在文章开头提出问题“我们都听说过时间如何比金钱更宝贵，但是拥有太多的时间，这是可能的(possible)吗？”。true“真的”；fair“公平的”；strange“奇怪的”。37A.remember BadmitCunderstand Dexpect解析：选A 根据下文叙述可知，作者记起(remember)了高中时的生活。admit“承认”；understand“理解”；expect“期望”。38A.watched BlovedCcoached Dplayed解析：选D因为作者还参加团体性运动，所以他一天的大部分时间都是在学校度过的。watch“观看”；love“热爱”；coach“训练”；play“参加运动”。39A.at last Bright awayCof course Das usual解析：选B根据上文可知作者到家后只有几个小时的时间做作业，所以必须立即(right away)开始做。下文42空后的“do my school work immediately”也是提示。at last“最后”；of course“当然”；as usual“像往常一样”。40A.happened BrepeatedCchanged Dmattered解析：选C前面提到高中时间紧张，又由下文可知，在大学，课程中午前就结束了，所以说事情发生了变化(changed)。happen“发生”；repeat“重复”；matter“要紧”。41A.extra BdifficultCvaluable Dlimited解析：选A课程结束得早，作者就有了额外的(extra)时间。difficult“困难的”；valuable“有价值的”；limited“有限的”。42A.duty BachievementCurgency Ddirection解析：选C时间充足，所以“没有立即去做功课的紧迫(urgency)感”。duty“责任”；achievement“成就，成绩”；direction“方向”。43A.burden BreliefCrisk Dhabit解析：选D后来，“我”就慢慢地养成了一种等待(拖延)的习惯(habit)。burden“重担，负担”；relief“缓和，宽慰”；risk“冒险”。44A.pushing BtakingCsetting Dcalling解析：选A由上下文可知，作者不断地把学习往后推(push . back)。take . back“带回来”；set . back“拖后腿”；call . back“回电话”。45A.hanging out Bstaying upCjogging round Dshowing off解析：选B因为把功课一直往后推，所以最后只能熬夜(stay up)做功课。hang out“出去闲逛”；jog round“在周围慢跑”；show off“炫耀”。46A.met BhelpedCtreated Dhired解析：选A由下文叙述可知，有一天作者遇到了(met)一个以前的同班同学。help“帮助”；treat“对待”；hire“雇用”。47A.raising BwastingCdemanding Dmaking解析：选D由下文提到的“running a sideline (副业)”可知，此处是指赚许多钱(make a lot of money)。raise“举起，筹集”；waste“浪费”；demand“要求”。48A.safe BimportantCboring Drewarding解析：选C由下文作者问同班同学为什么不全职经营他的副业可知，他的固定工作很无聊(boring)。safe“安全的”；important“重要的”；rewarding“值得做的，报酬高的”。49A.luckily BhardlyChopefully Dsimply解析：选D他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”，符合语境。luckily“幸运地”；hardly“几乎不”；hopefully“有希望地”。50A.childhood BcollegeCtown Dbusiness解析：选B结合上文可知，如果拥有太多时间，作者的同班同学就会像作者在大学(college)里所做的一样。childhood“童年时期”；town“城镇”；business“生意，商务”。51A.quit BfoundCaccepted Dkept解析：选A上文作者问同班同学为什么不全职经营副业，所以此处是说“如果放弃(quit)这个工作”。find“找到，发现”；accept“接受”；keep“保持，保留”。52A.heart BchanceCdrive Dway解析：选C如果辞职，他就会失去工作和成功的动力(drive)。drive“驱动，推动力”，符合语境。 heart“心脏”；chance“机会”；way“方法”。53A.saving Bfilling upCgiving up Dtrading解析：选B通过上文得出结论：因此，试着用其他工作填满(filling up)你的时间。save“节省”；give up“放弃”；trade“交易”。54A.message BstoryCsaying Dfact解析：选C句意：这就是为什么有这样一种说法(saying)。message“信息”；story“故事”；fact“事实”。55A.careful BbusyCreliable Dkind解析：选B通过上文的描述可知，越忙效率越高。故此处意为“如果你想做某事，就请忙碌的(busy)人去完成”。careful“仔细的”；reliable“可信赖的”；kind“友好的”。完形填空真题检测(二)2017年11月浙江高考A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took _36_ of a bus after its driver suffered a serious heart attack. Guy Harvold, 24, had _37_ the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bournemouth to _38_ their host families. They were going to _39_ a course at the ABC Language School in Bournemouth where Harvold works as a _40_.Harvold, who has not _41_ his driving test, said, “I realized the bus was out of control when I was _42_ the students.” The bus ran into trees at the side of the road and he _43_ the driver was slumped (倒伏) over the wheel. The driver didnt _44_. He was unconscious. The bus _45_ a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold _46_ to bring the bus to a stop. Police _47_ the young teachers quick thinking. If he hadnt _48_ quickly, there could have been a terrible _49_.The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at East Surrey Hospital. He had worked regularly with the _50_ and was very well regarded by the teachers and students. Harvold said, “I was _51_ that no one else was hurt, but I hoped the driver would _52_.”The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend _53_ to Dublin with a friend, thanking him for his _54_. A local driving school has also offered him six _55_ driving lessons.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英语老师Harvold带学生去寄宿家庭的途中，碰到司机突发疾病，在巴士即将失控的情况下，Harvold老师面对危险，临危不惧，沉着冷静，成功地控制了巴士使其停下，勇敢地挽救了全车师生的英雄事迹。36A.control BcareCadvantage Dnote解析：选A根据前两段的内容，特别是第二段中的“Harvold _46_ to bring the bus to a stop”可知，巴士司机突发心脏病，Harvold老师控制了巴士。take control of是固定词组，表示“控制，掌管”，故选control。take care of“照顾，照料”；take advantage of“利用”；take note of“注意到，将铭记在心”。37A.taken in Bpicked upCtracked down Dhelped out解析：选B24岁的Harvold老师当天的任务是从Gatwick机场接(picked up)学生和课程负责人并带他们去Bournemouth与他们的寄宿家庭见面。take in“收留，欺骗”；track down“(经过长时间艰难搜索后)找到”；help out“帮助某人摆脱(困境)”。38A.greet BthankCinvite Dmeet解析：选D参见上题解析。此处meet表示“与见面”，符合语境。greet“问候，迎接，招呼”。39A.present BintroduceCtake Dorganize解析：选C这些学生要去ABC语言学校参加课程学习，此处take表示“参加(课程)”。present“出示，上演，授予”。40A.driver BdoctorClibrarian Dteacher解析：选D根据第一段中的“A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students”及第二段中的“the young teachers quick thinking”可知，Harvold是ABC语言学校的老师，故选teacher。41A.given BmarkedCpassed Dconducted解析：选C根据最后一段中的“offered him six _55_ driving lessons”可知，Harvold老师还没有通过驾照考试。pass表示“通过(考试)”，符合语境。mark“标记”；conduct“实施，执行，引导”。42A.speaking to Bwaiting forCreturning to Dlooking for解析：选A根据语境可知，当时Harvold老师和学生都在车上，结合选项可推测此处应是指他在与学生讲话。speak to sb.表示“与某人讲话”，符合语境。43A.learned BnoticedCmentioned Ddoubted解析：选B巴士撞上了路边的树，这时他注意到(noticed)巴士的司机倒伏在了方向盘上。learn“(从其他人那里)得知，听到”；mention“提到”；doubt“怀疑”。44A.sleep BcryCmove Drecover解析：选C根据下文中的“He was unconscious.”可推知，司机动不了了，故选move。45A.ran over Bwent byCcarried Dhit解析：选D根据上文中的“the bus was out of control”及“The bus ran into trees”可知，巴士失去了控制，撞到了灯柱。hit表示“碰撞，撞击”。run over“撞倒，辗过”；go by“(时间)流逝”；carry“运送”。46A.remembered BcontinuedCprepared Dmanaged解析：选D根据下文可知，Harvold老师最终成功地让巴士停了下来。manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”。47A.witnessed BrecordedCpraised Dunderstood解析：选C根据上文并结合第二段最后一句可知，Harvold老师让失控的巴士停了下来，所以警察对Harvold老师敏捷的反应表示赞扬，所以选praised。witness“当场见到，目击”；record“记录”。48A.appeared BreactedCescaped Dinterrupted解析：选B根据下文中的“there could have been a terrible _49_ ”可知，如果当时Harvold老师没有快速地作出反应，就很有可能会造成一次非常严重的交通事故(accident)。故此处应选reacted，表示“作出反应”。appear“出现”；escape“逃避”；interrupt“打断，中断”。49A.delay BaccidentCmistake Dexperience解析：选B参见上题解析。accident“(交通)事故”；delay“延迟”；experience“经历”。50A.airport BhospitalCschool Dpolice解析：选C根据下文中的“was very well regarded by the teachers and students”可知，该巴士司机经常与学校合作，并备受师生的尊敬，所以选school。51A.happy BfortunateCtouched Dsorry解析：选A根据下文中的“no one else was hurt”可知，Harvold很高兴看到老师和孩子们都没有受伤，故选happy。fortunate“幸运的”。52A.survive BretireCrelax Dsucceed解析：选A根据上文中的“The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at East Surrey Hospital.”可知，巴士司机去世了，而Harvold老师希望他能够活下来，故此处应选survive。retire“退休”。53A.project BtripCdinner Dduty解析：选B根据下文可知，为了表彰Harvold老师的勇敢行为(bravery)，学校决定送他去都柏林进行一次周末旅行(trip)。project“项目”；duty“责任”。54A.bravery BskillCquality Dknowledge解析：选A参见上题解析。此处bravery表示“勇敢的行为”。55A.necessary BeasyCdifferent Dfree解析：选D根据上文中的“thanking him for his _54_”和“also”可知，为了表彰Harvold老师的勇敢行为，所以当地的驾校也提供给Harvold老师六节免费的(free)驾驶课程作为奖励。完形填空是在语篇中测试考生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力和英语语言知识运用能力的综合性试题，是一种要求高、难度大、区分度高且分值大的题型。该题型要求考生综合运用各种知识，对给出的选项做出合理判断，以使补全后的文章主旨鲜明、文意通顺、逻辑合理。一、命题特点要知晓20162018年高考浙江卷完形填空试题分析项目卷别体裁题材考点分布动词(短语)名词(短语)形容词副词介词(短语)连词2018年6月夹叙夹议文充分利用时间9542002017年11月记叙文Harvold老师救人的英勇事迹12620002017年6月记叙文图书管理员在战火中设法保护图书10442002016年10月夹叙夹议文作者教儿子养鸡的经历10540102016年6月记叙文作者学会了在逆境中享受生活672401通过对近三年高考浙江卷完形填空题的分析，我们得知完形填空有以下命题特点：1短文特点(1)长度：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中。(2)体裁：完形填空的文章体裁多为记叙文和夹叙夹议文，所以在备考中考生应高度重视记叙文和夹叙夹议文类的完形填空。(3)题材：文章注重原汁原味，内容积极，贴近考生生活。选材融知识性、可读性、教育性和趣味性于一体，体现出丰富的内涵。2设题规律(1)设空词主要是四类词：名词、动词、形容词、副词。多数情况下，考查的名词和动词比形容词和副词多，偶尔还涉及介词、连词等。在考查语言知识的能力上，更突出了“语境优先，重在运用”的命题导向。考生要避免过分关注结构而忽视对语篇语境的理解和把握。(2)稳定中有变化。近三年浙江高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。如2018年6月浙江卷的第53题和2017年11月浙江卷的第45题的四个选项有两个动词及两个动词短语构成。(3)选项一般是常用词汇或短语，不会出现偏题或怪题现象。在最近几年的浙江高考完形填空中，一词多义和熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生最容易忽视的地方。如2018年6月浙江卷第44题中的push和第49题中的simply。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。二、题型技法要用好如何在15分钟左右的时间里完成一篇250词左右的完形填空并使其通顺呢？下面我们介绍几种行之有效的解答完形填空题的技巧，以期让完形填空“完美无缺”。1读懂句子意思，选择正确答案这是完形填空题目设置最简单的一种。它相当于一道单项选择题，不需要通读上下文，而只需要读懂设空处所在的句子便能判断出正确答案。典例(20186月浙江高考节选)I 37.remember back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38.played a team sport.By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it_39_.39A.at lastBright awayCof course Das usual分析：选B根据上文可知由于还在学校从事体育活动，作者到家后只有几个小时的时间做作业，所以必须立即(right away)开始做。2利用同义词或近义词的复现，排除干扰选项在完形填空题的文章中，常会有某一词语在语篇中重复出现的现象，有时也会出现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此，考生要学会充分利用这些词所提供的有效信息进行合理的推测和判断，选出正确答案。典例(2018全国卷节选)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, 41.wrong number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams _42_ a text that clearly wasnt intended for him, he did something 43.special.42A.receivedBtranslatedCcopied Dprinted分析：选A本题可以利用词汇复现解题。第42空是上文“get”的同义词复现，故选A项。3明确语境，准确理解一词多义和熟词生义在英语中，多数的词都是多义词，我们把这种现象称之为一词多义。一词多义是很普遍的语言现象。在完形填空的选项中，有时也出现一些多义词。这些词除了我们常见的词义外，在一些特定语境中，又出现了新的意义，即熟词生义。如果对这类词的意义掌握得不够全面，会给考生在解答完形填空时带来很大的干扰，导致错选或误选。典例(20186月浙江高考节选)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)Since his regular job was48.boring,_I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline fulltime.He said without the job, he would_49_ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.49A.luckily BhardlyChopefully Dsimply分析：选D根据语境可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是：简单地，简朴地。4根据固定搭配、固定短语或固定句型，确定正确选项固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的固定搭配、固定短语和固定句型能牢固地掌握，并在理解上下文的基础上对其进行灵活的运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。典例(20186月浙江高考节选)So, try _53_ your time with other work.This is why there is a 54.saying that if you want something done, ask a 55.busy person to do it.53A.saving Bfilling upCgiving up Dtrading分析：选B本题可以利用固定搭配解题。此处为作者的感慨：因此，试着用其他工作填满你的时间。fill up sth. with sth.是固定搭配，表示“用某物装满/填满某物”。5根据语法知识，分析句子结构，选出最佳选项虽然高考完形填空题越来越淡化对语法的考查，但是命题人常常考查一定语境中各类从句的引导词的正确使用。因此解题时，不仅要熟悉引导词的用法，同时要分析语境，结合语法的表意功能，做出正确的选择。典例(2017北京高考节选)Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada .Later, when Hannah attended school, she saw another homeless person . She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people _42_ they first saw the homeless man.42A.since BunlessCalthough Das分析：选A分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是时间状语从句，此处表示“自从她们第一次看到那个无家可归的人以来，她就一直和她的妈妈谈论无家可归的人的生活状况”。表示“自以来”要用since, since引导时间状语从句时，主句常用完成时，故选A。6巧用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接成分，主要有：词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等。短语，如in other words, in addition, as a result, on the contrary, instead of 等。分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, generally speaking等。在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项。典例(20186月浙江高考节选)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it_36_to have too much time?36A.true BfairCstrange Dpossible分析：选D本题容易误选strange。误选原因主要是有些考生没弄清楚前后句之间的联系。前面一句“我们都听说过时间比金钱要珍贵得多”，所以后面一句应该是“但是，我们有过多的时间，这有可能吗”，而不是“这奇怪吗”，but这个连词很关键。7突破句子的限制，捕捉篇章信息每篇完形填空都会围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文联系紧密，前后照应，所以解题时不要只局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，找出解题的线索。典例(2018全国卷节选)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41.jumped_at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42.save a few dollars .Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48.job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49.clear that our credits would be hardearned. In order to 50.pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52.eventually,_to our lives. I managed to get an A in that _53_ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom.53. AgameBpresentationCcourse Dexperiment分析：选C本题只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本文主要讲述了作者在上大学时所选的课程国际象棋对自己以后的职业和生活起到了很重要的作用。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示，“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了A。8依据背景知识和常识，确定正确答案完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文或叙议结合、富有哲理的夹叙夹议文，这类文章的材料都非常贴近考生生活。考生在解题时，可以根据文化、科学、历史、地理、风俗民情等背景信息和生活常识充分想象当时的情景，从而选出符合语境的最佳答案。典例(2018全国卷节选). He was an international grandmaster, which 45.meant I would be learning from one of the games _46_. I could hardly wait to 47.meet him.46A.fastest BeasiestCbest Drarest分析：选Cinternational grandmaster意为“国际大师”，根据背景知识可知，国际象棋课程的导师是一位国际象棋大师，这就意味着“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一学习。故选C。9利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。典例(2018全国卷节选)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id 41.last seen him. So imagine my _42_ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.42A.delight BreliefCanger Dworry分析：选A本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此当儿子发来邮件说他想来看望作者时，作者应该是感到高兴(delight)，故A项符合语境。10理清文章发展脉络，快速确定正确答案完形填空题的文章一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述，正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要意义。因此，在选择答案时，要按照事情发展的顺序，从整体上把握文章内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的答案。典例(2017全国卷节选)The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past.This newness just left me 51.wanting more.After that, feeling the need to _52_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.52A.exercise BexploreCexpress Dexplain分析：选B本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周我观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演我被表演所吸引我想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识我参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案为B项。最后，考生应该带着选项通读语篇，注意看所选答案填入空格后文章是否意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应等。这一步是必不可少的，可以帮助考生取得高分。分文体训练，更有利于学生掌握不同文体的行文结构和布局，从而快速读懂文章、精准解题。 完形填空模拟检测(一)记叙文 (A卷)(共2篇，限时35分钟)AOur younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.Every student is madly trying to get good _1_ and complete college applications.There was an essay he had to write and the _2_was drawing near.Were good parents.We do our best at keeping our_3_ shut whenever possible.Tim knew what he should do, but he had a tendency to _4_ anything.Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night, no matter how much free time there might have been.I knew I shouldnt _5_ him, but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (随便的) way, “By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay youre _6_ to do？” Tim, in his _7_ way, looked at me and said, “Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster” a line that has been _8_ in family memory forever.Tim hit on something that seems _9_ truer today than when he first said it.Our anxiety doesnt make us faster or more efficient. _10_， it simply makes us more anxious.It seems so _11_， and yet, something I easily forget.When I closed my eyes on the subway train, my anxiety was the first thing to _12_.It was surprisingly loud: “You need to do this! Have you worried about that? What about that？” I _13_ to open my eyes quickly, take out my phone and send an email _14_ put down something in my calendar.I forgot I should deal with my anxiety rather than be _15_ by it.We should keep our anxiety under _16_.How can we have the courage to face _17_ if we worry about this and that? When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed and say to ourselves that _18_ will be much better and we can make it through.As long as we _19_ dealing with anxiety every day, it will become less an