应试英语听力——短对话、长对话.ppt

应试英语听力短对话、长对话,一、大学英语四级考试对听力能力的要求,大学英语课程教学基本要求对学生英语听力能力的一般要求(即四级水平)可以量化为：能听懂英语授课、能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座、能基本听懂英语慢速节目，语速130词每分钟，并能运用基本听力技巧帮助理解中心思想和信息要点，准确率不低于70%。,二 、 大学英语四级听力考试的题型分析,（1）八个短对话 （short conversation） 题型一般涉及时间，地点，职业，关系，活动，态度，观点或者 看法，直接含义，间接暗示等。 （2）两组长对话 (long conversation) 题型一般随话轮的交替而追问事件的先后次序、事件的因果关系、事件的逻辑对比和对照等关系，以及对话一方的行为和打算等。 （3）短文理解 (passage) 一般由三篇题材熟悉，内容难度适当，话题比较流行，字数在250字左右的小品文或者小故事组成。问题往往涉及短文中重要细节，中心思想，作者态度，特殊词汇的理解。 （4）复合式听写(compound dictation) 包括两个部分，第一部分的空格要求考生根据录音内容准确地填出空格所缺词汇，一般为每空一个单词。第二部分要求考生听完后根据自己的理解写出文章中所缺少的信息。考生可以根据正确理解，用自己的话语，也可以用听到的原文。复合式听写的短文长度一般为250词左右，全文朗读三遍，第二遍速度较慢，中间有停顿。,三、短对话特点：,短对话是四级考试中固定而且相对简单的题型，共8组,每组对话长度为几十词左右，由一男一女朗读，之后问一个问题，要求考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。其中绝大部分题的答案不在对话中明示，需要考生根据听到的内容进行推测。对话内容涵盖了日常生活的方方面面，如学习、工作、娱乐、交通等。,根据所提出问题的内容和针对性，四级听力短对话可分为以下六类： 1. “言外之意”题 2. 观点态度题 3.虚拟语气题 4.理解归纳题 5.生活场景题 6.语气态度题,四、短对话分类及应对策略,1. “言外之意”题型,这类题型难度较高，对话中的回答者不从正面回答问题，似乎答非所问,一些句子的真实含义也不是直截了当地摆在我们面前，而是要根据对话中的内容去寻找与其相关的信息以及它们之间的联系。这就需要我们运用解题的逻辑思维与推理来找到正确答案。根据回答者的语气判断主要有陈述回答和疑问回答。,短对话,陈述回答型 例：M: I need to find a dentist; you said you know Dr. Smith well, do you recommend her? W: Well, I had to see her a few times, but what impressed me most was the magazines in her waiting room. Q: What does the woman imply? A) Dr. Smiths waiting room isnt tidy. B) Dr. Smith enjoys reading magazines. C) Dr. Smith has left a good impression on her. D) Dr. Smith may not be a good choice. 言外之意：女士丝毫不提史密斯的医术如何，只说了一些无关紧 要的琐事，无非是暗示她的医术很烂，故不愿意向男士推荐。,短对话,疑问回答型 例：W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house. M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad. Q: What does the man imply? A) The Edwards are quite well-off. B) The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses. C) Itll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house. D) Its too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house. 言外之意：用划线问句这个结构表示说话人的反对情绪。,短对话,2. 观点态度题型,例：W: I am worried about Jenny going to college. College students are so wild nowadays. M: Actually, only a few are like that. Most students are too busy studying to have time to cause trouble. Q: What does the man imply? A) He doesnt want Jenny to get into trouble. B) He doesnt agree with the womans remark. C) He thinks Jennys workload too heavy at college. D) He believes most college students are running wild. 分析：从男士说话中的actually一词可以听出他并不同意女士刚刚说的内容，他有自己的想法，类似的词语还有in fact，这也提醒我们，抓住短对话中的小词去揣摩说话人的态度也是非常关键的。,短对话,3. 虚拟语气题型,这属于一种隐性考法，用虚拟语气表达一种抱怨、后悔等情绪，体现虚拟语气的关键词有：if, if only, I only wish., couldnt have done something.without.等。 例：M: I wonder if you find my experience relevant to the job. W: Yes, certainly, but if only you had sent in your application letter a week earlier. Q: What does the woman imply? A) The man is not suitable for the position. B) The job has been given to someone else. C) She had received only one application letter. D) The application arrived a week earlier than expected.,短对话,4. 理解归纳题型,短对话,5. 生活场景题型,短对话,学习场景 选课场景(选修课程、必修课程、课程难度、教授要求、同学推荐、参考书目)、作业场景(教师与学生、学生与学生、课程作业、课程论文、学期论文、期中测试、单元小节等)，考试（临时抱佛脚），论文（进展），听演讲或报告（枯燥），同学互助（帮忙补课），图书馆场景(借书、还书、丢书、续借、查询、罚单等),英语交际通常使用一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达，考生只要在复习时重点突出，强化训练，就可以在四级听力短对话部分做到未听半知的状态。,生活场景 看病（要耐心），生病（尽早治疗），看病后（及时调养，不能劳累），不良生活习惯（吸烟、酗酒对身体有害），天气场景(天气变化、温度变化、降水、降雪、风沙等灾害性天气、租房场景(租金、押金以及数额、支付方式、房客应遵循的规则、对房屋设施等的介绍)、娱乐场景(影院、剧院、舞厅、球场、游泳等娱乐设施)，餐馆场景(定座、点菜、结账、小费、投诉等场景词汇)，面试场景(个人爱好、兴趣、教育背景、工作经历、对应聘职位的了解和期盼、对工资待遇和上班时间的特殊要求等)，搭乘飞机（预定机票、推迟、改签），天气原因（导致航班延误），交通事故（事故原因或导致迟到）等,四级听力常见场景词汇补充,6. 语气态度题型,这类题型出现的不多，主要特征是：回答者说话内容较短，需从说话者语气中把握其含义。 例：W: Shouldnt someone go pick up the clothes from the laundry? They were ready three hours ago. M: Dont look at me, Mom. Q: What does the boy mean? A) Hes unwilling to fetch the laundry. B) He has already picked up the laundry. C) He will go before the laundry is closed. D) He thinks his mother should get the clothes back. 分析：从男士说话语气看出他不愿意去。,短对话,实战：2010年12月四级听力短对话18题,18. A She is black and blue all over. B She has to go to see a doctor. C She stayed away from work for a few days. D She got hurt in an accident yesterday.,W: My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something. M: Im no doctor, but its not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days. Q: what do we learn about the woman from the conversation?,解析：Woman说的第一句话是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.从中可知这位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受伤了，但是男士认为伤势并不严重，只建议她休养几天就可以了，不必去看医生。C是较强的干扰项，应该是女士现在需要休息而不是过去已经休息了几天，故选D。,短对话,2012年6月四级短对话真题,五、长对话（long conversation）,长对话共两篇，每篇120250词左右，共7道题。长对话考查的理解和分析侧重于对话内容的整体性。因此，长对话的听音重点在于对话的主题大意，对话推进的过程或双方总体的观点和立场。它融合了短对话的特点，但不是短对话的简单叠加。长对话的细节没有短对话考得那么细，弯也没拐那么多，但对话中涉及的各因素仍是理解和分析长对话所依赖的强有力的工具。,长对话虽然在难度上增加不大，但是话轮的频繁更替对学生短时记忆和快速提取信息的能力提出了更为严峻的挑战。建议训练时要抓紧时间审题、读选项、做笔记，否则考试中很难适应。,长对话,对于长对话而言，做出正确选择的关键就是把握住对话的中心思想，经常涉及到的有以下几种情况：,学习相关类 学习相关类往往是长对话的重点。内容粗略可分为教务场景（学期计划、调课信息、考试安排、课程介绍），选课场景（课程难易、好坏），补课场景（会牵扯到专业内容）和论文场景（论文题目、查找资料）等 生活相关类 包括体育场景（热门运动），娱乐场景（郊游、运动、听音乐会），租房场景（价格、地理位置）等 工作相关类 面试技巧 （应聘条件、工资待遇、工作环境、工作时间）,六、 长对话应对策略,长对话,解题技巧 （1）预读选项 a.注意重复的词语 b.注意各个选项中的不同点 （2）排除明显错误的选项 （3）把握做题的节奏 （4）提高短期记忆能力，学会脑笔同记 （5）熟悉各种固定的提问形式,长对话,Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A By reading a newspaper ad. C By listening to the morning news. B By seeing a commercial on TV. D By calling an employment service. 23. A She could improve her foreign languages. B She could work close to her family. C She could travel overseas frequently. D She could use her previous experiences. 24. A Taking management courses. C Working as a secretary. B Teaching English at a university. D Studying for a degree in French. 25. A Prepare for an interview in a couple of days. B Read the advertisement again for more details. C Send in a written application as soon as possible. D Get to know the candidates on the short list.,实战：2010年12月四级听力长对话,长对话,W: Good morning, Im calling about the job that was in the paper last night. M: Well, could you tell me your name? W: Candider Forsett. M: Oh yes. What exactly is it that interests you about the job? W: Well, I thought it was just right for me. M: Really? Um Could you tell me a little about yourself? W: Yes. Im 23. Ive been working abroad. M: Where exactly have you been working? W: In Geneva. M: Oh, Geneva. And what were you doing there? W: Secretarial work. Previous to that, I was at university.,长对话,原文,M: Which university was that? W: The University of Manchester. Ive got a degree in English. M: You said youve been working in Geneva. Do you have any special reason for wanting to come back? W: I thought it would be nice to be near to the family. M: I see, and how do you see yourself developing in this job? W: Well, Im ambitious. I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead me eventually into management. M: I see. You have foreign languages? W: French and Italian. M: Well, I think the best thing for you to do is do reply a writing to the advertisement.,长对话,W: Cant I arrange for an interview now? M: Well, Im afraid we must wait until all the applications are in, in writing, and well then decide on the short list. If you are on the short list, of course we should see you. W: Oh, I see. M: I look forward to receiving your application in writing in a day or two. W: Oh, yes, yes, certainly. M: Ok, thank you very much. Goodbye. W: Thank you. Goodbye. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy? 23. Why did the woman find the job appealing? 24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva? 25. What was the woman asked to do in the end?,长对话,22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy? 【答案】A By reading a newspaper ad. 【解析】 job vacancy指空缺的职位。在对话一开始，女士就说到她的目的：Im calling about the job that was in the paper last night.从这句话中可以看出她得知职位信息的来源是the paper last night，对应A选项。 23. Why did the woman find the job appealing? 【答案】B She could work close to her family. 【解析】本题关键词是appealing，意为引起兴趣的。女士提到她喜欢这份工作的原因是be near to the family.，close是near的同义替换词，因此选择B选项。 24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva? 【答案】C Working as a secretary. 【解析】女士提到她在日内瓦做了一些secretarial work，也就是选项C中的secretary。虽然她也提到之前在大学学习，但是她取得的学位是a degree in English，而非选项D中的a degree in French. 25. What was the woman asked to do in the end? 【答案】C Send in a written application as soon as possible. 【解析】对话中女士希望得到面试机会，但是男士要求先要递交书面申请（reply a writing to the advertisement），并不是所有人都能得到面试机会，因此选择答案C。,长对话,上网搜索2006年6月四级考试听力真题 精听短对话和长对话部分 把短对话和长对话涉及的场景进行分类（至少找到三个类型的分类，如学校，在医院，在机场等等） 对分类场景涉及的词汇进行扩充 把分类词汇上传至教师电脑,实验步骤,Thank You,1、 学生及教师场景,freshman 大一学生 sophomore 大二学生junior student 大三学生 senior student 大四学生undergraduate student 本科生 graduate student / postgraduate student 研究生 masters degree 硕士学位 bachelors degree 学士学位 doctor student 博士研究生,post doctor student 博士后 alumni / alumnus 校友 professor 教授 associate professor 副教授 teaching fellow 讲师 tutor / mentor / director / super visor 导师 dean 系主任 department 系 president 校长 staff 全体员工 faculty 全体教职员工,2、上课、选课、听讲座、听报告场景,take the course 选课 drop the course 退课 register 注册 sign up for the course 选课 Pick up = learn cancel 取消 full 报满 selective course / elective course / optional course 选修课 requirement / required course / compulsory 必修课 lecture 讲座 seminar 讨论班,credit 学分 introductory course 初级课程 advanced course 高级课程 computer course 计算机 psychology course 心理学 physics 物理学 economics 经济学 computer science 计算机科学 sociology 社会学 geology 地质学 biochemistry 生物化学 science 理科,3、作业场景,homework / assignment 作业 book report 读书报告 presentation 课堂发言 reading list 书单 turn in / hand in 上交 deadline 最后期限 due 到期 extension 延期 paper 论文 essay 小论文 term paper 学期报告 thesis 毕业论文 proposal 开题报告,4、考试场景,mid-term exam 期中考试 final exam 期末考试 quiz 测验 pop quiz 不提前通知的考试 grade / score 分数 pass 及格 passing grade 及格分 failing grade 失败 make up exam 补考 cheat 作弊,stay up 熬夜 release 发布(分数) two sleepless nights 两天两夜没睡觉 be through with 结束,完成,5、 图书馆场景,shelf 书架 stack 书库 reading room 阅览室 reference room 参考书阅览室 periodical room 期刊阅览室 copier 复印机 study lounge 自习室 librarian 图书管理员 catalogue 书目 index 索引 volume 卷，宗 library card 借书卡 writing permission 书面许可,book reservation 借书 check out 外借 over due 超期 renew 续借 fine 罚款 return 还书 put on reserve 被限制在馆内阅读 magazine 杂志 journal 期刊 periodical 期刊 quarterly 季刊 current issue 现刊 back issue 过刊 latest number 最新一期,6、演说,nervous 紧张的 contest 比赛 calm 平静的 contestant 参赛选手 a large audience 一大群观众 talk of the town 镇上谈论的焦点 shaking all over 浑身发抖 not a big deal 不是什么大不了的事情 beyond me 超出我的理解范围,7、收发邮件,email 邮件 attachment 附件 log in 登录 forward the mail to 把邮件转发给 log off 登出,8、娱乐,drama 戏剧 Grand theatre 大剧院 impressive 令人印象深刻的 too dramatic to be true 太假了 audience 观众 play the boss 扮演老板 out of the way 太远了 the greatest hit 大片 a long queue 长队 appreciate 欣赏 sold out 卖完了,basketball season 篮球赛季 tennis 网球 camping 野营 badminton 羽毛球 jogging 慢跑 performance 表现 fishing 钓鱼 keep fit 保持健康,返回,2012年6月四级考试短对话真题第11题,11. A)Trying to sketch a map C)Discussing a house plan. B)Painting the dining room. D)Cleaning the kitchen.,【解析】答案为C) Discussing a housing plan. 此题为简单的推理题。从d