阅读技巧之猜词意.ppt

阅读中生词意思的推理,缪肖强 qq: 108675500,什么是词汇,What we usually mean by “vocabulary” is that set of words or phrases which label the parts of material to be learned and which are necessary for students to use in talking and writing about the material.,词汇的分类,积极词汇（active vocabulary) Those we use with resonable frequency and precision. 消极词汇 (receptive vocabulary) Those that we more or less understand on seeing or hearing them.,为什么有些单词难记?,外来词 casino; carpe diem; la carte 俚语 castle in the air; hit the ceiling 口语体 fab; terrific 新词 hypermile; Obamacare 旧词新意 Spanish athlete 英美不同的理解 homely; sedan 关键:多留心;多积累,阅读中的词汇问题,中级口译阅读的词汇要达到6,000以上才能相对实现无障碍阅读. 中级阅读考试中,生词肯定会出现. 在快速阅读中,对生单词的处理一般有3种常见的方法. 语境线索推理法 词性判断推理法 构词结构推理法,语境线索推理法,词只有在语境中才有意义，语境的变化，也必然会导致词义的变化。 如:observe He observes keenly, but says little. We must observe the rules of our land. Do they observe Spring Festival in that country? He observed that it would probably rain.,1. 定义线索 (教P35),Sue, serving as the chairperson, presided at the meeting. Jane commiserated, or sympathized, with a friend who had lost her pet The square of hypotenuse of a right triangle is the sum of the squares of other two sides. Tofu, a tasty vegetable protein, can take the place of meat or chicken in many recipes. David Yip was ecstaticthat is, he was widely happywhen he received his diploma.,2.举例线索,Tom must be very affluent. He wears expensive clothes and jewelry, drives a Rolls-Royce convertible, and owns a $1,750,000 house in Beverly Hills. The “terrible twos” are so called because chidren at that age are often intractable; for example, they have a will of their own and may refuse to obey.,3.对比线索,She wanted to give me the impression of being erudite, but instead she gave me the impression that she knew absolutely nothing. Though the corporations testimony seemed unbelievable, their attorneys hoped the jury would find it credible.,4.标识词,While his subjects were grieving over their dead, the king was filled with exultation over his military victory.,5.重复线索,His redundancy was not one of the things that pleased me about his style. As a matter of fact, the way he repeated himself drove me almost insane.,6. 上下文暗示,His lucid lectures, along with his clearly presented explanation, made it easy to take notes. It was imprudent for Lisa to skate on the ice without checking to see how thick it was.,7.推论线索（护身符）,Some carry a rabbits foot, but my talisman is a four-leaf clover(苜蓿).,Random House Websters Unabridged Dictionary,rabbits foot the foot of a rabbit, esp. the left hind foot carried as a good-luck charm. Also, rabbit foot, rabbit-foot. 1810-20, Amer. four-leaf clover n. A clover leaf having four leaflets instead of the normal three, considered to be an omen of good luck.,Joseph Hume, an English politician and reformer fighting for financial retrenchment, said, “The Crown of England does not require such splendour. Foreign countries might indulge in frippery, but England ought to pride herself on her plainness and simplicity.“ Nevertheless, elegance reigned.,1. What was the result of Joseph Humes fighting for financial retrenchment? (A) He succeeded in cutting the budget of Nashs rebuilding work. (B) His opposition turned out a failure and the palace was built with extravagance. (C) He became Nashs strong opponent and they fought with each other since then. (D) He came to fame as a well-known reformer for financial retrenchment.,词性法,名词活用做动词的现象比较多.如: The case promises to cloud Saturdays season opener at Austrialian Grand Prix in Melbourne. Grand Prix: (国际长途)汽车大奖赛,根据词性猜词义,It is not right for children to sit up late. The wind was right in our faces. 风迎面吹来. The plane was right above our heads. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. Everyone has a right to a fair trial. 人人有权要求获得公正审判. She tried her best to right her busband from the charge of robbery.,构词法,soph- 智慧 Philosopher philo 爱 哲学家 Philosophy 哲学 Unphilosophical ? Pansophic ?有广泛知识的 Sophist 诡辩家, 博学者 Sophism Sophomore,circum-“环绕，周围“,circumcise 环割（circum+cise 切环切） circumference 周长（circum+fer 带来ence带来一圈周 长） circumnavigate 环航世界（circum+navigate 航行） circumscribe 限制（circum+scribe 写规定范围限制） circumspect 小心谨慎的（circum+spect 看看四周小心谨慎的 ） circumvent 回避（circum+vent 走绕圈走回避）,bene- 表示“善，好“,benevolent 好意的（bene+vol 意愿+ent好意的） benefaction 好事；恩惠（bene+fact 做+ion好事） benefit 好处，利益（bene+fit 做