【医学ppt课件】泌尿系统 the urinary system

Chapter 4 THE URINARY SYSTEM,INTRODUCTION (概述) THE KIDNEY (肾) THE URETERS (输尿管) THE URINARY BLADDER (膀胱) THE URETHRA (尿道),A. Composition (组成) 1. Kidney (肾 ) 2. Ureter (输尿管） 3. Urinary bladder (膀胱) 4. Urethra (尿道 ),Section 1 Introduction,B. Functions (功能) 1. To excrete the waste products (排除废物). urea(尿素), uric acid (尿酸), some inorganic salts (无机物), water (水) 2. To regulate the composition of the internal environment (调节内环境成分). 3. To regulate the acid-base balance (调节酸碱平衡). 4. Endocrine function (kidney) (内分泌功能).,Introduction,Section 2 The Kidney,A. External Feature (外形) 1. Extremities (端): superior & inferior 2. Surfaces (面): anterior & posterior 3. Borders (缘): 1) lateral 2) medial a. renal hilum（肾门） b. renal sinus (肾窦),The Kidney, B. Internal structure (内部结构) 1. Renal cortex (肾皮质) nephritis 肾炎 2. Renal medulla (肾髓质) 1) renal columns (肾柱) 2) renal pyramids (肾锥体) 3) renal papillae (肾乳头),The Kidney,3. Renal sinus (肾窦) 1) minor renal calices (calyx) (肾小盏) 2) major renal calices (肾大盏) 3) renal pelvis (肾盂) pyelitis 肾盂炎 hydronephrosis 肾盂积水 pyelblithiasis 肾盂结石,4. Renal segment (肾段),The Kidney,posterior,inferior,Ant. superior,Ant. inferior,inferior,superior,superior,C. Coverings of the Kidney (肾的被膜) 1. Fibrous capsule (纤维囊) 2. Adipose capsule (脂肪囊) renal capsule block 肾囊封闭 3. Renal fascia (肾筋膜) 1) anterior layer (前层) 2) posterior layer (后层) nephroptosia肾下垂,The Kidney,The Kidney,D. Relations of the Kidney (肾的毗邻),Anterior,Posterior,sp,dc,st,si,li,R11,R12,ta,pm,ql,di,si,R12,The Kidney,A. Division (分部) 1. abdominal part (腹部) ureteral twist 输尿管扭转 ureter cyst 输尿管囊肿 2. pelvic part (盆部) 3. intramural part (壁内部),Section 3 The Ureter,The Ureter,B. Constrictions of the Ureter (狭窄) 1. Superior (上) 2. Middle (中) crosses iliac a. (髂动脉) 3. Inferior (下) ureterolith (ureter stone) 输尿管结石,Section 4 The Urinary Bladder,A. Divisions (分部) 1. Apex of bladder (膀胱尖) 2. Body of bladder (膀胱体),3. Neck of bladder (膀胱颈): internal urethral sphincter (尿道内括约肌) 4. Fundus of bladder (膀胱底),The Urinary Bladder,B. Internal structure (内部结构) 1. Trigone of bladder (膀胱三角) 1) ureteric orifices (输尿管口),2) internal urethra orifice (尿道内口) 3) vesical uvula (膀胱垂) 2. Interureteric fold (输尿管间襞),M,F,The Urinary Bladder,The Urinary Bladder,3. Detrusor of bladder (膀胱逼尿肌) cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查 cystitis 膀胱炎 cystolith (vesical calculus) 膀胱结石,Section 5 The Female Urethra