中考句子成分和基本句形主谓一致.ppt

句子成分,一个句子由几个成分组成。构成句子成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语是句子的主要成分，另外还有表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。,1.主语：主语是一个句子的主体，表示所说的是谁或是什么，主语的位置一般放在句首。主语一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语组成。,I go to school by bike .,Lucy is an American girl .,Beijing is the capital of our country .,Man made satellites have been sent up by many countries .,2. 谓语:用来说明主语的动作、特征、或状态。谓语的形式有两种：,1）行为动词（包括动词短语）,This happened in 1980 .,He must take good care of his little sister at home today .,He makes many things .,注意：每一个句子都必须有主语和谓语动词，缺一不可，这是句子的主要成分。,2）复合谓语（系动词+表语）,The young man became a doctor .,Its getting colder and colder .,Trees turn green in spring .,He was in Grade One last term .,宾语,是动作，行为的对象。由名，代，或相当于名词的词，短语来担任。它和及物动词一起说明主语做什麽。在谓语之后。分为直接宾语和间接宾语。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.,及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.,3. 宾语: 宾语是动作的承受者，放在谓语动词的后面。,He knows that he should work hard .,Do you know what time the plane arrives ?,I go to school by bike .,有些及物动词，如：give , show , pass , send , tell , bring , teach , lend , buy , make 等可以有两个宾语。一个指人，叫间接宾语，一个指物，叫直接宾语。,give sb sth = give sth to sb show sb sth = show sth to sb bring sb sth = bring sth to sb write sb sth = write sth to sb lend sb sth = lend sth to sb teach sb sth = teach sth to sb tell sb sth = tell sth to sb buy sb sth = buy sth for sb make sb sth = make sth for sb,他教我们数学。,He teaches us maths .,请给他拿一吧一杯水。,Bring him a cup of tea , please,=,Bring a cup of tea to him , please,我叔叔给我买了一本新词典。,My uncle has bought me a new dictionary .,=,My uncle has bought a new dictionary for me .,4.定语:定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分,Is it your bike ?,The bag on the desk is mine .,The man in the white car is my father .,5. 状语: 状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分，包括时间、地点、目的、结果、条件、原因、方式、程度等。,She studies very hard .,They are walking in the park .,Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time .,Do some exercises : 说出下列句子成分。,1. He looks young . 2. The young man is my brother . 3. Oh , I must go home . 4. What colour are they ? 5. Hell give us a talk . 6. They love him very much .,7. May I come in ? 8. He looks like her father . 9. The box is white . 10. Five of them came here yesterday. 11. We are going to watch a football match . 12. He wanted one . 13. This is our first lesson . 14. They have been here for a long time . 15. The rich has lots of money .,简单句的五种基本类型,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主谓宾） 基本句型四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一 + （主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二 + + （主系表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,基本句型 三 + + （主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型 四 + +IO + （主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词to 或for来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 She lent me a book.-She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike.-He bought a new bike for me.,基本句型 五 + + + （主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,典型例题分析,1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 (状） 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 间宾+ 直宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓 （状）,7. We must keep our classroom clean. 主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补 8. After work he always feels a little tired. （状） 主+ （状） 系+ （定） 表 9. They laughed at us after the match. 主+ 谓 宾 （状） 10. She told me a story. 主谓间宾直宾,英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1.either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing做主语时，谓语动词一般使用单数。例：Neither of the two words is correct. Everything around us is matter. 2.表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积”等概念的名词，谓语用单数。 3.eachand each; everyand every; noand no; many aand many a等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。4. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。,5.从句、不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。例：To say something is one thing, to do it is another. What he has done is of great use. 6. 用and 连接的两个名词表示单一概念时谓语动词使用单数。如: bread and butter(黄油面包), a knife and fork（一副刀叉）, a cup and saucer（带茶托的茶杯）, ice-cream and cake（冰淇淋蛋糕） whisky and soda 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 7.在or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut, There be 等结构中，采取就近原则，即谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数。,8.下列结构用于引起一个附加的成分，谓语动词的形式应不受附加成分的影响而与其前面的主语取得一致：as well as, rather than, like, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, including，such as等。 9. some of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of,