现在分词,过去作定语,意义上接近一个定语从句,表示一个正在进行的动作或者表示一个主动的动作.ppt

The Participle as Attributive,分词作定语,1、意义 现在分词可以单独作定语，也可以构成复合词作定语，包括限定性和非限定性（用逗号与其他部分分开），在意义上相当于一个定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）。 2、结构(以do为例) 主动式：doing 被动式：being done,现在分词作定语,The Present Participle as Attributive,3、用法 单个现在分词作定语常位于被修饰词之前。 Dont wake up the sleeping boy. On the following day, the poor girl died. 现在分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。 The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. My uncle working in the south will be back in a few days.,现在分词作定语，意义上接近一个定语从句，表示一个正在进行的动作或者表示一个主动的动作。例如： China is a developing country. = China is a country which is developing. 中国是一个发展中国家。,I saw a girl who is sleeping in the waiting room. = 在候车室里我看见一个熟睡的女孩。 The man who is talking with our headmaster is Toms father. =,I saw a sleeping girl in the waiting room.,The man talking with our headmaster is Toms father.,Practice,正和校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。,注意: 用现在分词短语作定语时，要注意现在分词所表示动作发生的时间。 1.现在分词表示正在进行的动作（变为从句时要用进行时态） The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. = The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine. There were a lot of boys on the playground playing football. = There were a lot of boys on the playground who were playing football. Did you see the man talking to the headmaster? =Did you see the man who was talking to the headmaster?,2.现在分词表示经常性的动作或现在（当时）状态，变为从句时用一般现在时或一般过去时。 They lived in a room facing the south. = They lived in a room that faced the south. The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 1955. = The house that stands at the corner of the street was built in 1955.,并不是所有的定语从句可以用分词短语替换。 The man who came this morning is our class teacher. Can you tell me the accident that happened yesterday? Those who have finished their work can go home now. Is there anyone who can answer this question?,过去分词作定语,(The Past Participle as Attributive),1、意义 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。 及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 I cant find the lost pen. The retired man goes to the park every morning.,2、用法 单个的过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的词之前， 有时也可置于所修饰的词之后。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 We have no time left. 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。 The concert given by their friends was a success. = The concert which was given by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。,过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。,注意现在分词与其它非谓语形式作定语的区别： 1、现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。如： The professor giving a speech about pollution now is from Harvard University. 正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。,2、 现在分词的被动语态（being+V-ed）表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。它包含的意思是: 正在被 The freeway being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport. =The freeway which is being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport. 正在建设的高速公路将直通新港码头。,The question which is being discussed is very important. Do you know the boy who is being punished by his parents?,=The question being discussed is very important.,=Do you know the boy being punished by his parents?,3、现在分词的完成式“having+V-ed”不能作定语，此时可以用一个定语从句代替。例如： 你了解昨天发生的事故吗？ Do you know anything about the accident that happened yesterday? ( ) Do you know anything about the accident having happened yesterday? ( ),4、 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经完成的动作。 例如： The computer center, built last term, is very popular among the students in the school.,The computer center, which was built last term, is very popular among the students in the school. 上学期建成的计算机中心很受学校学生的欢迎。,多数不及物动词的过去分词不能作定语，只有少数不及物动词的过去分词能作定语， 表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前完成。如： The path to the library was covered with fallen leaves. I need some boiled water now.,Practice,This is a picture which was painted by my father. = This is a picture painted by my father. The new train which was designed by this expert will be tested next month. = The new train designed by this expert will be tested next month. The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. =The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.,5、 不定式（to+V.）作定语表示一个将来要发生的动作。如： The patient to be exam