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摘 要
零件的加工工艺编制，在机械加工中占有非常重要的地位，零件工艺编制得合不合理，这直接关系到零件最终能否达到质量要求；夹具的设计也是不可缺少的一部分，它关系到能否提高其加工效率的问题。因此这两者在机械加工行业中是至关重要的环节。
阀盖零件的主要加工表面为孔和外圆表面。外圆表面加工根据精度要要求可选择车削和磨削。孔加工方法的选择比较复杂，需要考虑零件的结构特点、孔径大小、长径比、精度和粗糙度要求以及生产规模等各种因素。对于精度要求较高的孔往往还要采用几种不同的方法顺次进行加工。本次设计的油缸，为保证孔的精度和表面质量将先后经过粗镗、半精镗、精镗和滚压等四道工序加工。
在机床上对零件进行机械加工时，为保证工件加工精度，首先要保证工件在机床上占有正确的位置，然后通过夹紧机构使工件在正确位置上固定不动，这一任务就是由机床夹具完成。对于单件、小批量生产，应尽量使用通用夹具，这样可以降低工件的生产成本。但是由于通用夹具适用各种工件的装夹，所以夹紧时往往比较费时间，并且操作复杂，生产效率低，也难以保证加工精度，为此需设计专用夹具。
关键词：工艺设计、基准选择、切削用量、定位误差
ABSTRCT
Is the components craft establishment, holds the very important status in the machine-finishing, the components craft establishes reasonable, whether do this direct relation components achieve the quality requirement finally; Jig's design is also an essential part, whether does it relate raises its processing efficiency the question. Therefore this both in the machine-finishing profession are the important links.
Sleeve components main processing surface for hole and outer annulus surface. The outer annulus face work needs to request according to the precision to be possible to choose the turning and the grinding. The hole processing method's choice is quite complex, needs to consider the components the unique feature, the aperture size, the length to diameter ratio, the precision and roughness request as well as the scale of production and so on each kind of factor. Often must use several different methods regarding the accuracy requirement high hole to carry on the processing in order. This design's cylinder, will pass through half finished boring, the finished boring, the fine articulation and the trundle successively for the guarantee hole's precision and the surface quality and so on four working procedure processings
When the engine bed carries on the machine-finishing to the components, is guaranteed that the work piece working accuracy, first needs to guarantee the work piece holds the correct position on the engine bed, then causes the work piece in the correct position through the clamp organization fixed motionless, this duty is completes by the engine bed jig. Regarding the single unit, the small batch production, should use the universal jig as far as possible, like this may reduce the work piece the production cost. But because the universal jig is suitable each kind of work piece the attire to clamp, therefore time clamp often compares spends the time, and operates complex, the production efficiency is low, also guarantees the working accuracy with difficulty, for this reason must design the unit clamp.
Key word: Craft, datum, cutting specifications, localization datum, position error.
目 录
前言……………………………………………………………………1
一、零件的分析………………………………………………………2
零件的功用…………………………………………………2
零件的工艺分析……………………………………………2
二、零件的工艺规程设计……………………………………………3
确定零件的生产类型………………………………………3
确定零件毛坯制造形式……………………………………3
拟定零件的机械加工工艺路线……………………………4
确定加工余量………………………………………………8
三、专用夹具设计……………………………………………………16
零件的加工工艺分析………………………………………16
定位夹紧方案的确定及论证………………………………16
定位误差分析………………………………………………20
四、结束语…………………………………………………………22
五、参考文献………………………………………………………23
附:工序卡片及工艺工艺过程卡片
前 言
机械制造工艺课程设计使我们学完了机械制造技术，机械制造装备设计，机械制造工艺学等课程，进行了生产实习之后，所进行的一个重要实践性教学环节。其主要目的是让学生不所学的工艺理论和实践知识在实践的工艺，夹具设计中综合地加以应用，进而得以加深和发展，提高学生分析和解决生产实际问题的能力，为以后搞好毕业设计和从事工作奠定了一定基础。通过本次课程设计，我们在下述方面可以得以锻炼：
能熟练的运用机械制造工艺学及相关课程的基本理论，以及在生产实习 中所学到的实践知识，正确的分析和解决一个零件在加工中的定位，加紧和工艺路线地合理拟定等问题，从而保证零件制造的质量，生产率和经济性。
通过夹具的工艺，进一步提高了我们的结构设计能力，你能够根据被加工零件的加工要求设计出高效省力，既经济合理有能保证质量的夹具。
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