2018高三英语一轮总复习专题4.2Workingtheland词汇短语含解析.docx

专题4.2 Working the land【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. struggle vi. n斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎【教材原句】Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.【归纳拓展】struggle for 为而斗争struggle with/against sb./sth. 与做斗争struggle to do sth. 努力做某事struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to lead(lead) an active life. 海伦凯勒在19个月大时就变得又聋又瞎了，但她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。Tiffany McCoy has struggled with the effects of sickle cell disease.蒂凡尼麦考伊一直在努力与镰状细胞病的影响作斗争。Bravely, Mary struggled to her feet, and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。即学即练(1)用适当的介词填空。I have been struggling _ depression and anxiety for most of my 28 year old life.They struggled _ the right to vote.She struggled _ her feet and continued walking.They had to struggle _ their lives _ weather and wild animals.【答案】with/againstforto for；against(2)完成句子。He _ escape from the ropes that had tied him down. 他挣扎着想摆脱绑住他的绳索。_, there can be no progress. 没有斗争就没有进步。It is _ to be ready on time. 按时准备好是一场真正的斗争。【答案】【明辨异同】fight与strugglefight意为“搏斗，打斗，打架，斗争”，包含着“体力”和“勇猛”的因素。struggle指较长时间的、激烈的争斗，包含着“奋力挣扎”的因素。2. equip vt. vi. 装备；配备equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)【教材原句】He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.【归纳拓展】equip.with. 用装备equip sb. for doing sth. 使某人为做某事而准备equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事be equipped to do sth. 使某人有准备做某事be well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的a piece of equipment 一件设备As far as I know, he is equipped (equip) with much experience in teaching.据我所知，他具有丰富的教学经验。It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak(speak).人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。My mother bought a useful piece of equipment(equip) for the kitchen yesterday.昨天，妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。即学即练(1)翻译句子他们为战争准备装备。A good education should equip you for life.Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.【答案】They equipped themselves for the war.有良好的教育能使你受用终生。请准备一支铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。(2)单项选择It is required that all the vehicle companies should _ their cars with safety belts.A. associateB. equipC. relateD. feed【答案】B3. occupation n. 工作；职业；占据【归纳拓展】occupy v. 使用，占用；使忙于；忙着be occupied (房间、座位、床位等)被占用；被占有be occupied in doing sth. 专心做某事be occupied with sth. 从事，忙于某事occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于做某事即学即练用occupy的适当形式填空。(1)I _ my evenings reading novels. 我晚上总在看小说。(2)The main _ of the people of Greenland is farming or hotel business. 格陵兰岛人的主要职业是务农或酒店生意。(3)_ herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children. 忙于办公室的日常工作，她没有时间照顾她的孩子。【答案】 4. confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难【教材原句】It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.【归纳拓展】confuse.with/and. 把和混淆be/get confused with/about 对感到困惑confusing adj. 令人困惑的confused adj. 感到迷惑的confusion n. 混乱；混淆；困惑in confusion 处于混乱状态即学即练(1)Great care is taken to avoid _ the two types of projects. 为了避免混淆这两种类型的项目已经很小心了。(2)Things were happening too quickly and Brian was _. 事情发生得太快，把布赖恩给弄糊涂了。(3)Memory loss and _ in those with Alzheimers and other dementias can be difficult for caregivers. 那些老年痴呆症和其他痴呆症中的记忆丧失和混乱对于照护者来说可能是很困难的。(4)_ (他说的话使我困惑) and I was at a loss.(5)I cant see how anyone could _! 我不明白怎么会有人把你和另外一个人搞混！【答案】 (4)What he said confused me(5)confuse you with another5. regret v. 可惜；后悔；遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔【归纳拓展】to ones regret 令人遗憾的是with great regret 非常遗憾regretdoing/having done 后悔做某事regret to say/tell/inform. 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知即学即练(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空Li Ping did not regret _ (give) the comment but felt that she could have expressed it differently.李萍并不后悔提出自己的意见，但是她感觉她本来可以换种方式表达的。We regret_ (inform) you that your application has not been successful.我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。【答案】giving/having givento inform (2)完成句子。I have always _ studied hard at school. 我一直后悔在校期间没有努力学习。We _ inform you that your application has not been successful. 我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。_, we will not be able to visit you next week.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们下周不能去拜访你了。She has accepted his resignation _.她遗憾地接受了他的辞职【答案】【名师指津】regret后既可用动名词作宾语又可用不定式作宾语，但二者有一定的区别。当表示“后悔做了某事”时应用regret doing sth（动作已做）；当表示“遗憾要去做某事”时应用regret to do sth（动作未做）。6. focus vt. 集中；聚焦 n. 焦点；中心点【教材原句】They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.【归纳拓展】the focus of . 的焦点focus on 集中于focus ones attention/eyes/energy on . 集中注意力/目光/精力于be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上focus sth. on (upon) sth.=fix.on.使集中于be focused on/upon sth.=be fixed on 集中于即学即练(1)The _ my camera isnt working properly. 我照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。(2)Health and environmental problems have become increasingly _. 健康和环境问题日益成为人们瞩目的焦点。(3)For a time, my classmate Li Hua would rather sleep in class than listen to the teacher and no matter how hard he worked, he couldnt _ his studies. 有一段时间，我的同学李华宁愿在课堂上睡觉也不愿听老师讲课，不管他多么努力，他都不能集中精力学习。(4)She felt all the eyes _ her. 她觉得所有人都在注视着她。(5)In order to restore economic stability, policymakers must _ restoring the institutional role of governing. 为了恢复经济稳定，政策制定者必须集中精力恢复制度的治理作用。(6)We want to keep the real issues _. 我们想保持聚焦真正的问题。(7)The childrens faces were badly _ in the photograph. 照片上孩子们的脸非常模糊。【答案】 (6)in focus(7)out of focus 【名师指津】表示“注意，集中精力于”的短语还有：concentrate ones attention on, fix ones attention on, pay attention to等。7. reduce vt. 减少；减缩【教材原句】A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.【归纳拓展】be reduced to陷入某种境地reduce sth to把减少到；把变为某种状态reduce sth by把减少了reduction n. 缩小；减少make a reduction 减价即学即练(1)They _ chemical fertilizers in their farming but use more organic fertilizers to keep the soil natural. 他们在农业中减少化肥，但使用更多的有机肥料来保持土壤天然状态。(2)She takes exercise every day, and she has reduced her weight _ 10% _ 50 kilos.她每天锻炼身体，体重减少了10%，还有50公斤。(3)The fire _ the forest _ a few trees. 大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。(4)Believe it or not, the rich man should _a beggar. 信不信由你，那位富人竟然沦落为乞丐。【答案】【名师指津】reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase, rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to .表示增减的结果，接by .表示增减的幅度。8. comment n. 评论；议论 vi. vt. 表达意见；作出评论【教材原句】Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.【归纳拓展】comment on/upon sth. 对发表评论comment that . 评论make comments on/about . 对加以评论no comment 无可奉告The teacher often comments on/upon how different the two boys are.The teacher often makes_comments_on/about how different the two boys are.老师经常谈论那两个男孩子的不同之处。Can you say something about the present situation?Sorry, no_comment!你能对当前的形式说说自己的看法吗？对不起，无可奉告！即学即练(1)完成句子Do you have any comment(s) _ on the recent developments? 你对最近的事态发展有什么意见吗？Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _ no decision had yet been made. 当问及选举日期时，首相评论说尚未作出决定。She was asked about the pay increase but _ on it. 她被问及加薪问题，但是没对此进行评论。Will you resign, Minister?_!部长，你是要辞职吗?无可奉告!【答案】to makecommented thatmade no commentNo comment(2)单项选择Since I do not fully understand your proposal, I am not in the position to make any _ on it.A. differenceB. solutionC. demandD. comment【答案】D二、核心短语回顾1. Thanks to由于；多亏(有时用作反语)；因为【教材原句】Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.【归纳拓展】thanks to是介词短语，因此后面可以跟名词或动词-ing形式而不可以跟从句。如：Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮助，我们成功了。Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning. 多亏你，我才没被淹死。Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 由于这倒霉的天气，比赛被取消了。【明辨异同】表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：because of，owing to，on account of，due to，as a result of等。(1)thanks to表示“幸亏，多亏，依靠；由于，因为”，是介词短语，只能作状语，多用于褒义。(2)due to意为“因为，由于”，可以作表语或状语，不能位于句首。be due to do sth.意为“被安排去做某事”。(3)owing to意为“由于”，多用作状语，作状语时常用逗号隔开。(4)because of语气最强，多用于表示直接原因。一般放在主句之后，有时也可放在主句之前。即学即练(1)单项填空It was _ your timely help that we accomplished the task on time. A. becauseB. thankC. thanks toD. as_ the new policy, we are now having a happy life.A. Thanks toB. BecauseC. ForD.Thanks for【答案】C 句意：幸亏你及时的帮助，我们才能按时完成任务。because是连词，后面要跟句子；thank是动词，句中已经有系动词was，所以在此不能用；as表“因为”是连词。故选C项。(2)用thanks to，due to，owing to，because of填空The accident was _ careless driving._ his carelessness, Tom failed in the exam._ his tiredness, he does not want to go with us.Everyone knows about it now, _ you!【答案】thanks to2. rid . of .摆脱；除去【教材原句】Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.【归纳拓展】rid oneself of 使某人自己摆脱be rid of 摆脱；除去(状态)get rid of 摆脱；除去；扔掉(动作)即学即练(1)Maybe we should _ modern technology and return to simpler times.也许我们应该摆脱现代技术，回归更为简单的时代。(2)Further measures will be taken to _ our streets of crime. 将采取进一步措施来防止街头犯罪。(3)Following the doctors advice, I gradually _ the bad habit. 按照医生的意见，我逐渐去掉了我的坏习惯。(4)Were moving, so we have to _ a lot of our furniture. 我们要搬家了，所以我们得扔掉许多家具。【答案】(1)rid ourselves of(2)rid(3)kick/get rid of/rid myself of(4)get rid of 【名师指津】在rid . of .短语中，rid为动词，后跟sb.或somewhere作宾语，指“使某人摆脱”或“除掉某地的不好或有害之物”。3. build up 逐渐增强；增强的体质；建立；创办；开发；积累【教材原句】These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.【归纳拓展】含有up的动词短语stay up 不睡觉；熬夜wake up 醒来take up 拿起，占用；开始从事pick up 捡起；偶然学会；收听；(用车)接人use up 用完；花光mix up 混淆；弄乱；搅匀；拌和即学即练写出下列句中build up的含义Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind.Im very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.Its said that shes built up a very successful business.Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.Fortunately, some experts from developed countries plan to go to Africa to help them learn advanced technology and build up the food supply.【答案】增强增加建立，创办积累建立4. lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向【教材原句】Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.【归纳拓展】lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事lead/live/have a.life 过样的生活lead sb into 带某人进入lead sb. to. 使某人到lead the way 带路lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走in the lead 领先；处于首