2018版高考英语复习攻略Unit3Inventorsandinventions限时规范特训新人教版.docx

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.阅读理解(建议用时16)A2017山西重点中学测试Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”篇章导读：文章介绍了缝纫机是如何诞生的。一直困扰着发明家伊莱亚斯豪的一个关于缝纫机的问题在梦中找到了答案。许多科学家像爱迪生、爱因斯坦等都有过在梦中发现问题的经历，这主要是因为大脑的一部分在无意识下仍然在工作。1The problem Howe was trying to solve was _.Awhat kind of thread to useBhow to design a needle which would not breakCwhere to put the needleDhow to stop the thread from getting caught around the needle答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的“but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle”及第二段中的“Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle.”可知，豪面临的问题是如何避免让线缠绕到针上，所以答案是C。2Thomas Edison is spoken of because _.Ahe also tried to invent a sewing machineBhe got some of his ideas from dreamsChe was one of Howes best friendsDhe also had difficulty in falling asleep答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams.”可知，豪并不是唯一一个通过此方法找到答案的人，爱迪生也是在梦中得到答案的，所以答案是B。3Dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves” because _.Astrange images are used to communicate ideasBimages which have no meaning are usedCwe can never understand the real meaningDonly specially trained people can understand them答案：B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first.”可知，大脑的一部分在无意识下工作，发信息到其他部分，这部分大脑使用的是一种奇怪的图像，所以答案是B。1thread n. 线2savage n. 野蛮人；未开化的人adj. 凶猛的；残暴的3practised adj. 熟练的；老到的4store vt. 贮存；贮藏5image n. 图像；形象；印象1run into 偶然遇到；碰到 2.get caught 被卷入；陷入BShyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and selfconscious; that is, they are concerned with their own appearance and actions too much. Negative thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people unfavorably. A persons selfconcept is reflected in the way he or she behaves and the way a person behaves affects other peoples reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a deep effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people, who have low respect, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need faith that they are doing “the right thing”. Shy people are very sensitive to criticism. It makes them feel inferior (自卑). They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a praise with a statement like this one: “Youre just saying that to make me feel good; I know its not true.” It is clear that, while selfawareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely got rid of, or at least reduced? Fortunately， people can overcome shyness with determination since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self respect. It is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths. Each one of us has his or her own characteristics. We are interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，分析了害羞对人们的影响并介绍了摆脱害羞的方法。4The first paragraph is mainly about _.Athe cause of shynessBthe effect of shyness on peopleCthe feelings of shy peopleDthe questions in the minds of shy people答案：B主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可推断，这段主要是关于害羞对人的影响。5According to the writer, selfawareness is _.Aharmful to peopleBa weak point of shy peopleCthe cause of unhappiness Da good characteristic答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It is clear that, while selfawareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.”可推知，自我意识是种良好的性格特征。6What is the shy peoples reaction to praise?AThey are pleased by it.BThey feel it is not true.CThey are very sensitive to it.DThey feel they are worthy of it.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“They also find it difficult to be pleased by praises because they believe they are unworthy of praise.”可知，害羞的人对于赞扬的反应是他们感觉不是真的。7We can learn from the passage that shyness can_.Ablock our chances for a successful lifeBhelp us to live up to our full developmentCenable us to understand ourselves betterDhave nothing to do with lack of self respect答案：A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our chances for a rich and successful life.”可推知，羞怯会阻碍我们实现成功的人生的机会。1anxious adj. 焦急的；渴望的2constantly adv. 连续不断地；经常地3influence vt.& n. 影响 4.fortunately adv. 幸运地5characteristic n. 特征；特性adj. 典型的；独特的1a great many 许多的；大量的(修饰可数名词复数)2have a deep effect on 对有很深的影响.七选五(建议用时7)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to Get Over OurselvesWe take ourselves too seriously. A person cuts us off on the way to work, and it ruins our whole day. We get upset with our partners for not taking out the trash, or let our lazy coworker get under our skin. _1_ A person starts to live when they can live outside themselves. Here are some ways to get over ourselves.We need to tell ourselves to get over ourselves. We need to remind ourselves that its not about us. So I suggest you tell yourself, out loud and in the mirror, to get over yourselfover and over. Put a postit note on your computer at work or leave a reminder on your phone. Just remember, its not about you. _2_We need to allow ourselves to make mistakes. We are only humans, and we will always make mistakes. By allowing ourselves to make mistakes and by knowing its unavoidable, well make it a lot easier on ourselves to do so. _3_We can tell someone we love them. Love is all you need. When we stop making it about us and tell someone we love them, it helps calm us down and get back in touch with what matters most. _4_ The faster we get over ourselves, the faster we can spread love with the world around us._5_ Its almost impossible to be in a bad mood when laughing. Fake it until you make it. Just turn that frown upside down and make it a happy face. Laughter and play is so important to our emotional wellbeing.AThat is the crazy thing we call love.BWe should focus on what we get.CWe should all just laugh out loud.DThere is no failure, only succeeding and learning.EThe more we can remember that, the easier life is.FBut remember we cant change anyone but ourselves.GWhen we focus on the good stuff, thats what well see.1F根据后文“A person starts to live when they can live outside themselves. Here are some ways to get over ourselves. ”可知，设空处表示我们除了自己不能改变任何人。2E根据上文“Just remember, its not about you.”可知，此处承接上文，表示我们越能记住这个，生活就越容易。3D此处总结上文：没有失败，只有成功和学习。4A该段的主旨为“We can tell someone we love them.”即，我们可以告诉某些人我们爱他们。上文说当我们告诉某些人我们爱他们时，这有助于我们冷静下来，再次意识到什么是最重要的。由此可知，此处表示：我们把这种疯狂的东西叫做爱。5C下文句意：当你笑的时候你不可能有个坏心情。所谓演久成真。把皱眉翻了个底朝天，露出快乐的脸。欢笑和玩耍对我们的情感幸福非常重要。由此可知，该段的主旨为：我们只需要大声笑。.语法填空(建议用时8)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 2017甘肃天水高三四模Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted _1_ his new hotel, the worlds first igloo (冰屋) hotel._2_ (build) in an small town, it has been attracting lots of visitors but soon the fun will be over. In two weeks time Bergqvists ice creation _3_ (be) nothing more than a pool of water. “We dont see it as a big problem，” he says. “We just look forward to _4_ (replace) it.”Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for an art exhibition. It was _5_ successful that he designed the present one, _6_ measures roughly 200 square meters. Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a _7_ (wood) base; when the snow froze, the base was removed.After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success. With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures _8_ 0 ， it may seem more like a survival test _9_ a relaxing hotel break. “Its great fun，” Bergqvist explains, “As well as a good start in survival training.”The _10_ (popular) of the igloo is beyond doubt: It is now attracting tourists from all over the world. At least 800 people have stayed at the igloo this season even though there are only 10 rooms.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文属于记叙文，讲述了瑞典商人Nile Bergqvist建造了世界上第一个冰屋宾馆。1with考查固定短语。be delighted with.“对满意”。句意：瑞典商人Nile Bergqvist对于自己的新宾馆，世界上第一个冰屋宾馆很满意。2Built考查分词作状语。build与主句主语it之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词在句中作状语。句意：虽然被建在一个小镇上，这个宾馆吸引了很多游客。但不久，这种乐趣将结束。3will be考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语是“in two weeks time”，故应用一般将来时。句意：两周以后，他的冰屋将会成为一池水。4replacing考查动名词。介词to之后应跟动名词replacing。look forward to (doing) sth.“期待(做)某事”。5so考查固定句式。句式so.that.“如此以至于”。句意：他的第一个冰屋如此成功以至于他设计了现在这一个。6which考查非限制性定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是“the present one”，关系代词which指代先行词，并在句中作主语。7wooden考查形容词。空格后有名词base，空格前有a，故应填形容词形式。wooden“木制的”。8below考查介词。本题属于常识题，冰屋的存在要求温度在零度以下，故填介词below。9than考查固定搭配。