2018版高三英语基础知识解读Unit2TheenvironmentB卷课后分层集训牛津译林版.docx

课后分层集训Unit 2The environment (B卷).阅读理解A(2017湖南省六校联考)Its nearly 50 years since the US landed men on the moon，but Americans are still dying from a disease that ravaged (毁坏) Europe in the Middle Ages.Why hasnt the US removed the plague(瘟疫)?The Black Death caused about 50 million deaths across Africa，Asia and Europe in the 14th century.It wiped out up to half of Europes population.Its last terrifying outbreak in London was the Great Plague of 1665，which killed about a fifth of the citys inhabitants.Then there was a 19th Century spread of the Black Death in China and India，which killed more than 12 million.But the disease has not been got rid of.It still exists in Madagascar，the Democratic Republic of Congo and Peru.Whats perhaps more surprising is that it is still killing people in the US.There have been 15 cases in the US so far this yearcompared to an average of seven，according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)and the figure of four deaths is higher than in any year this century.The bacterium (细菌) responsibleyersinia pestiswas introduced to the US by ratinfested steamships in 1900，according to Daniel Epstein of the World Health Organization (WHO)“Plague was pretty common，with its widespread outbreak in Western port cities.But the last urban plague was in Los Angeles in 1925.It spread to rural rats and mice，and thats how it became deeprooted in parts of the US，”he says.The diseasetypically transmitted from animals to humans by fleashas a 30to60% death rate if left untreated.However，antibiotics are effective if patients are diagnosed early.Most cases occur in summer，when people spend more time outdoors.“The advice is，take precautions against flea bites and dont handle dead bodies of animals in plague areas，” says Epstein.The areas in question are New Mexico，Arizona，California and Colorado，according to the CDC.All of this years cases originated in those states，or in other states west of the 100th meridian(西经100度)，which Dr. Amesh Adalja，an infectious disease specialist at the University of Pittsburghs Center for Health Security，refers to as “the plague line”“Prairie dogs are the main reservoir(储藏所) for plague，and they tend to be west of the 100th meridian，” he says.The geography and climate of the Western US suits them，he explains，and the fact that they are “social animals” helps the infected fleas to spread.Its the existence of this “animal reservoir” that makes the plague hard，if not impossible，to wipe out，experts say.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。像黑死病这样的瘟疫曾经导致世界上许多人死去。但是，时至今日仍有这样的病例出现，其关键原因是周围存在着可使这些病毒生存的环境。1Which of the following is the result of the Black Death?AIt used to cause more than 12 million deaths in China and India.BThe number of the deaths in the USA this year is the highest in history.CIt killed about a fifth of the population in Africa during the Great Plague of 1665.DIt decreased the population of Europe to 50 million in the 14th century.A细节理解题。该题提问的是黑死病导致了什么样的结果。根据第三段最后一句可知，黑死病致使中国和印度一千二百多万人死去。故选A。2Which of the following has to take the greatest responsibility for the Black Death?AFleas.BRats and mice.CYersinia pestis.DPrairie dogs.C细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的“The bacterium (细菌) responsibleyersinia pestis”可知，对黑死病负主要责任的是“yersinia pestis”。故选C。3Why is the 100th meridian referred to as “the plague line” by Dr. Amesh Adalja?AThe states west of the 100th meridian are heavily populated.BThe summer days in the states west of the 100th meridian are much longer than those in other states.CThere is a lack of antibiotics effective in treating the infected in the states west of the 100th meridian.DThe Western US has the geography and climate that make the infected fleas easy to spread.D细节理解题。该题提问的是Amesh Adalja博士把“西经100度”称为“病毒经线”的原因是什么。结合第八段第二句和第九段内容可知，这是因为位于西经100度的美国西部的地理位置和气候使跳蚤感染的病毒易于传播。故选D。4What is the reason that it is hard to rid the USA of the plague?ADead bodies of animals in plague areas are hard to deal with.BThe government has not put much effort.CThe existence of certain animals makes the plague hard to wipe out.DThe Black Death has so long a history in the USA.C细节理解题。该题提问的是美国很难清除瘟疫的原因是什么。根据最后一段可知，某种动物的存在导致了瘟疫在美国很难被清除。故选C。B(2017长沙长郡中学高三摸底考试)Every few years comes a fitness trend that has people scratching their heads in amazement.“Crunning” will probably be one of them.The “c” stands for “crawling”(爬行)This new sport needs twolegged humans running on all fours!The funny idea is the brainchild of Shaun McCarthy.The 34yearold is convinced that it will revolutionize fitness as we know it.According to the sports enthusiast，“The only thing that crunnings changed about fitness is that its changed everything about fitness.”Mccarthy has no scientific evidence to prove that crunning is more efficient than traditional twolegged running.However，he believes it is a more effective way to exercise because it puts an emphasis on the shoulders and arms，providing a complete body workout.Mccarthy also says crunning seems to tire him out more.He therefore concludes that the unconventional exercise is a bigger calorie burner than normal running.While experts generally agree that crunning may provide a better workout，many are not sure if it is the right exercise for humans.Fitness coach Kevin Dean says we are not built to be on all fours and our wrists are therefore not as strong as our ankles.He believes crunning，which he calls a fad(时尚)，could result in bad wrist and shoulder injuries，not to mention broken noses.But McCarthy is not worried.Since the release of his crunning video a few weeks ago，many Melbourne residents have been seen scampering around on all fours.As it turns out they are not the only ones.In the Chinese city of Zhengzhou，crawling，a much slower version of crunning，has been a favorite activity for many years.According to some enthusiasts，the light exercise that is believed to date back two thousand years to the Han Dynasty，is good for curing back and spine ailments.Ready to give crunning try? Then Mccarthy recommends investing in some good shoes，hardy gloves and most important of all，a face mask!【语篇解读】本文讲述的是跑步、游泳、打球都能起到强身健体的作用。但是你听说过通过爬行来健身吗？这是一种更有效的锻炼方式，因为它强调肩部和臂部，提供一个完整的身体锻炼。在本文中作者介绍了一种新的健身方式爬行。5What can we learn about crawling according to Kevin Dean?AOur ankles are stronger than our wrists.BCrawling is an efficient way to work out.CThe city of Zhengzhou is the origin of crawling.DCrawling can burn more calories than normal running.A推理判断题。根据Kevin Dean的理论可知，他认为我们的脚踝比我们的手腕更强壮。故选A。6What does the author think of crunning?ADangerous.BInteresting.CBeneficial.DUnbelievable.B推理判断题。根据第二段首句The funny idea is the brainchild of Shaun McCarthy.可以推断出作者认为这种健身方式很有趣，故选B。7Why does McCarthy suggest people wearing a face mask when crunning?ATo amuse other people.BTo avoid being recognized.CTo protect the nose from being injured.DTo prevent sweat dropping on the ground.C细节理解题。根据第四段末句He believes crunning，which he calls a fad(时尚)，could result in bad wrist and shoulder injuries，not to mention broken noses.可知爬行容易伤到鼻子，故选C。8What is the text mainly about?AA new way of crawling.BA new trend of exercising.CA scientific discovery.DA traditional way to keep fit.B主旨大意题。跑步、游泳、打球都能起到强身健体的作用。但在本文中作者介绍了一种新的健身方式爬行。故选B。 【导学号：92872235】.完形填空(2017大连高三双基测试)Last year I went on holiday to Spain.But _1_，after two days in Madrid，I started to get severe _2_ pain.I was in such suffering that I went to the local hospital for a(n) _3_No sooner had I arrived than I was _4_ to a small room，and I had not been waiting too long _5_ a surgeon came to examine me.He didnt speak English and I only spoke a few words of Spanish.He _6_ that I had to remove my clothes and he gave me one of those funny hospital gowns (罩衣) which hardly _7_ anything.He then asked me in Spanish if I was embarrassed.“Si，un poco(Yes，a little)，” I replied with my face turning red.You see，not only did I feel embarrassed at _8_ my clothes in front of a stranger but also this _9_ stranger was an extremely handsome man.He looked at me as though I was out of my _10_ and then he quickly _11_ down the passage.I was beginning to _12_ what had happened to him when he suddenly reappeared，this time with a group of _13_ students，and again asked the same question in Spanish.Now I was feeling _14_，and shouted in English，“Yes，Im extremely embarrassed.I think you would mind too if you had to talk to a crowd of strangers with almost no clothes on.”Then a female doctor in the group _15_ my arm gently and _16_ in perfect English，“I think I see the problem.My _17_ wants to take a photograph of your backan Xrayso he wants to know if you are _18_ a baby.You see，embarazada means pregnant in Spanish.”No sooner had she told me this than I realized the _19_ of the misunderstanding.We all had a laugh，_20_ I must admit that I felt rather stupid as well.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“我”在西班牙度假时的一次尴尬经历。1A.unbearablyBunfortunatelyCunwillinglyDunusuallyB根据下文的“I started to get severe _2_ pain”可知，不幸的是，在马德里待了两天之后，“我”开始感到严重的疼痛。故选B。2A.backBarmCmuscleDstomachA根据第17空后的“wants to take a photograph of your back”可知，选A。3A.appointmentBoperationCexaminationDvisitC根据第二段中的“and I had not been waiting too long _5_ a surgeon came to examine me”可知，“我”去医院做了检查。故选C。4A.invitedBcarriedCshownDwelcomedC根据语境可知，“我”刚到医院就被带到了一个小小的房间。show“引领，带领”。故选C。5A.untilBsinceCafterDbeforeD根据语境可知，“我”没有等太久医生就来给“我”检查了。before“在之前”。故选D。6A.urgedBsaidCgesturedDadvisedC根据上文的“He didnt speak English and I only spoke a few words of Spanish.”可知，他给“我”打手势(gestured)。故选C。7A.coverBhideCfindDexposeA根据下文内容可知，这件罩衣几乎什么也遮(cover)不住。故选A。8A.putting downBputting onCtaking offDtaking awayC根据常识，去医院检查都是脱掉衣服。故选C。9A.uniqueBparticularCawkwardDaggressiveB根据空后的“an extremely handsome man”可知，此处指这个特殊的陌生人。uniq