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钢球砂带磨削机床的设计[含10张CAD图纸和说明书 全套打包]

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下床身-A1.dwg
侧固板-A3.dwg
升降机构-A2.dwg
压模板-A3.dwg
外观图-A0.dwg
套筒-A3.dwg
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含10张CAD图纸和说明书 全套打包 砂带磨削机床的设计 含10张CAD图纸 CAD图纸和说明书 钢球砂带磨削
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摘 要

   滚动轴承普遍应用于航空、军工、汽车、机械等工业中,它作为各种机械装备十分重要的基础件是一种精密的机械元件,而球轴承作为滚动轴承家族中重要的一员其应用尤为广泛。

   钢球加工质量的优劣是制约精密机械装备发展的重要原因,因为钢球的制造精度在球轴承里的影响能很大成程度上决定球轴承的质量,钢球是球轴承里最关键的零件。目前,国内普遍采用的钢球生产工艺为:备料、冷镦压、光球、热处理、硬磨、表面强化处理、精研、光电外观检查和尺寸分组、清洗、涂油包装入库。通过现场勘察,发现光球工序加工质量很差余量较大,对后面的工序造成的影响很大。

   为了到达提高光磨工序的质量,降低后续工序加工余量这个目的,本课题旨在研究钢球生产中用于去除冷镦球坯缺陷并可以替代原有光球工序的新工艺,并对其相关工艺、设备进行改进。研究的主要内容有研究现有光球工艺机理,分析存在的缺点和造成缺点的原因,提出创造使用新工艺的重要性;提出利用砂带磨削钢球的新工艺及具体方案,分析不同该方案的好坏,选取最佳工艺参数;通过实验验证砂带磨削钢球的表面质量优于现有光球工艺所加工的钢球,如此加工效率便得到提高;参考现有磨削机床,完成钢球砂带磨床的设计。

   为了实现了新技术的实际方面的应用,在加工设备方面,本课题围绕有关现有光球机的几大技术上的缺点,设计了节能减排、清洁生产需求的全新砂带磨床。该机床采用新的机械式进给系统,并将阻尼板以模块化机构的形式安装到新型机床中。

   为了可普遍应用于实际钢球生产中,开始了新型光球工艺与设备的研究,它将对传统的光球加工工艺产生非常大的影响。在经过实践检验与工艺参数改进后,能实现自动化控制和流水线生产,市场应用前景广阔。

关键词:光球,砂带磨床,工艺,磨削


目  录

摘 要 I

目  录 i

第1章 绪论 1

1.1课题来源 1

1.2课题的科学依据 1

1.2.1课题的科学意义 1

1.2.2国内外研究状况及其应用前景 2

1.3课题的指导思想及研究内容 3

1.3.1课题指导思想 3

1.3.2课题研究内容 3

第2章 总体方案设计 5

2.1拟采取研究方法、技术路线、实验方案的提出及可行性分析 5

2.1.1研究方法和技术路线 5

2.2研究方案的确定 7

2.2.1动力及传动系统的确定 7

2.2.2进料系统的确定 7

2.2.3压模板升降系统的确定 8

2.2.4砂带磨头结构的确定 9

2.2.5机床总体布局的确定 9

第3章 钢球的运动机理研究 10

3.1刚体动力学基础 10

3.1.1刚体一般运动的描述 10

3.1.2刚体一般运动的微分方程 11

3.2钢球动力学分析 13

3.2.1磨削模型的建立 13

3.2.2钢球受力分析 13

3.2.3钢球运动微分方程 18

3.3钢球表面磨削迹线 19

第4章机床部件的设计及其校核 21

4.1电机的选择 21

4.2 V带的选择计算及其校核 21

4.3张紧机构中弹簧的选择及其校核 24

第5章 结论与展望 27

5.1课题总结 27

5.2课题不足之处 27

5.3课题未来展望 27

参考文献 29

致谢 30

附录A:砂带磨削的组成及其特点 31


第1章 绪论

1.1课题来源

   滚动轴承普遍应用于航空、军工、汽车、机械等工业中,它作为各种机械装备十分重要的基础件是一种精密的机械元件,而球轴承作为滚动轴承家族中重要的一员其应用尤为广泛。

   钢球加工质量的优劣是制约精密机械装备发展的重要原因,因为钢球的制造精度在球轴承里的影响能很大成程度上决定球轴承的质量,钢球是球轴承里最关键的零件。目前,国内普遍采用的钢球生产工艺为:备料、冷镦压、光球、热处理、硬磨、表面强化处理、精研、光电外观检查和尺寸分组、清洗、涂油包装入库,各个过程产生的球的外表如图1-1所示,其实从冷镦件到光球这一工序很重要,很大程度上决定了生产出钢球的质量。通过到无锡钢球厂进行现场勘察,发现光球工序加工质量很糟糕,留下的余量很大,对后道工序的加工造成了较大的困难。

   根据工件的形状,选择相应的接触方式,在一定的压力作用之下,使得高速运动的砂带与工件相接触产生摩擦,将工件表面上的余量渐渐地磨除或者抛磨光滑的这种方式就是砂带磨削,而利用砂带对工件进行加工的技术在国内为日趋成熟。六十年代以来,砂带磨削在国外发展的十分迅速,应用的范围也在逐渐扩大。五十年代末我国开始是用砂带磨削这一方法,然而当前的技术水平与国外工业发达的国家相差很大。纵观国内外,当前很少有将砂带磨削这一方式应用于钢球的磨削,因此本课题在市场的前景十分广阔。

因此本课题目的是寻找新的工艺


内容简介:
外文资料翻译Electromechanical integration technology and its application An electromechanical integration technology development Mechatronics is the machinery, micro-, control, aircraft, information processing, and other cross-disciplinary integration, and its development and progress depends on the progress of technology and development, the main direction of development of a digital, intelligent, modular, and human nature , miniaturization, integration, with source and green. 1.1 Digital Microcontroller and the development of a number of mechanical and electrical products of the base, such as the continuous development of CNC machine tools and robots, and the rapid rise of the computer network for the digital design and manufacturing paved the way for, such as virtual design and computer integrated manufacturing. Digital request electromechanical integration software products with high reliability, easy operability, maintainability, self-diagnostic capabilities, and friendly man-machine interface. Digital will facilitate the realization of long-distance operation, diagnosis and repair. Intelligent 1.2 Mechanical and electrical products that require a certain degree of intelligence, it is similar to the logical thinking, reasoning judgement, autonomous decision-making capabilities. For example, in the CNC machine increase interactive features, set up Intelligent I / O interface and intelligent database technology, will use, operation and maintenance of bring great convenience. With fuzzy control, neural network, gray, wavelet theory, chaos and bifurcation, such as artificial intelligence and technological progress and development and the development of mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a vast world. Modular 1.3 As electromechanical integration products and manufacturers wide variety of research and development of a standard mechanical interface, dynamic interface, the environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a complex and promising work. If the development is set to slow down. VVVF integrated motor drive unit with vision, image processing, identification and location of the motor functions, such as integrated control unit. Thus, in product development, design, we can use these standards modular unit quickly develop new products. 1.4 Network As the popularity of the network, network-based remote control and monitoring of various technical ascendant. The remote control device itself is the integration of mechanical and electrical products, fieldbus technology to household appliances and LAN network possible, use a home network to connect various home appliances into a computer as the center of computer integrated appliances system, so that people in the home can be full enjoyment of the benefits of various high-tech, therefore, electromechanical integration products should be no doubt North Korea networks. 1.5 humanity Electromechanical integration of the end-use product is targeted, how to give people electromechanical integration of intelligent products, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important, electromechanical integration products in addition to improving performance, it also urged the color, shape and so on and environmental coordination, the use of these products, or for a person to enjoy, such as home robot is the highest state of human-machine integration. 1.6 miniaturization Micro-fine processing technology is a necessity in the development, but also the need to improve efficiency. MEMS (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, or MEMS) refers to quantities can be produced by the micro-collection agencies, micro-sensors, micro actuators and signal processing and control circuit until interface, communication and power is one of the micro-devices or systems . Since 1986 the United States at Stanford University developed the first medical microprobe, 1988 at the University of California, Berkeley developed the first micro-motor, both at home and abroad in MEMS technology, materials and micro-mechanism much progress has been made, the development of all sorts MEMS devices and systems, such as the various micro-sensors (pressure sensors, micro-accelerometer, micro-tactile sensor), various micro-component (micro-film, micro-beam, microprobes, micro-link, micro-gear, micro-bearings, micro-pump , microcoil and micro-robot, etc.). 1.7 Integration Integration includes a mutual penetration of various technologies, and integration of various products of different structural optimization and composite, and included in the production process at the same time processing, assembly, testing, management, and other processes. In order to achieve more variety, small batch production of automation and high efficiency, the system should have a more extensive flexible. First system can be divided into several levels, allowing the system to function dispersed, and security and coordination with other parts of the operation, and then through software and hardware at various levels will be organically linked to its optimal performance, the most powerful. 1.8 with source of Electromechanical integration refers to the product itself with energy, such as solar cells, fuel cells and large-capacity battery. As on many occasions not be able to use electricity, which campaigns for the mechanical and electrical integration products, has a unique power source comes with the benefits. Sources with the integration of mechanical and electrical product development direction of. Green 1.9 The development of technology in peoples lives brought great changes in the material at the same time has also brought rich resources, deterioration of the ecological environment consequences. Therefore, people calling for the protection of the environment, regression, and achieving sustainable development in the concept of green products such calls have emerged. Green products is low-power, low-wood consumption, clean, comfortable, coordination and utilization of renewable products. In its design, manufacture, use and destruction of human beings should be in line with environmental protection and health requirements, electromechanical integration of green products is mainly refers to the use of time is not pollute the ecological environment, at the end of product life, and regeneration of decomposition products. 2 electromechanical integration in the application of technology in the iron and steel In the iron and steel enterprises, the integration of mechanical and electrical systems are at the core microprocessor, the computer, industrial computer, data communications, display devices, meters and the combination of technologies such as organic, assembled by the merger means for the realization of a large-scale integrated system create conditions for effective integration, enhanced system control precision, quality and reliability. Electromechanical integration technology in the iron and steel enterprises in the mainly used in the following areas:2.1 Intelligent Control Technology (IC) As a large-scale iron and steel, high-speed continuous and the characteristics of the traditional control technologies encountered insurmountable difficulties, it is necessary to adopt very intelligent control technology. Control technologies include intelligent expert system, neural and fuzzy control, intelligent control techniques in steel product design, manufacturing, control, product quality and diagnostic equipment, and other aspects, such as blast furnace control system, electric furnace and continuous casting plant, steel rolling system , steelmaking - Casting integrated scheduling system - rolling, cold rolling, etc. 2.2 Distributed Control System (DCS) Distributed control system uses a central command for the control of a number of Taiwan-site monitoring and intelligent computer control unit. Distributed control systems can be two, three or more levels. Using computers to concentrate on the production process monitoring, operation, management and decentralized control. With monitoring and control technologies, and the functions of distributed control system more and more. Not only can be achieved control of the production process, but also can be achieved online optimization, the production process real-time scheduling, production planning statistical management functions, as a measurement, control, integration of the integrated system. DCS control functions with diverse features and easy operation, the system can be extended, easy maintenance and high reliability characteristics. DCS is decentralized and centralized control monitoring, fault-minor, and the system has the chain protection features, the use of manual control system failure operational measures, the system is highly reliable. Distributed control system and centralized control system compared to their more functional, with a higher level of security. Is the large-scale integration of mechanical and electrical systems main trend. 2.3 Open Control System (OCS) Open Control System (Open Control System) is the development of computer technology led by the new structure concept. Open means a standard for the exchange of information in order consensus and support this standard design systems, different manufacturers products can be compatible and interoperable, and the sharing of resources. Industrial control systems through open communication network so that all control equipment, management, computer interconnections, to achieve control and management, administration, integrated decision-making, through fieldbus to the scene and control room instrumentation control equipment interconnected to achieve integrated measurement and control of. 2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) CIMS is the iron and steel enterprises will be and the production and operation, production management and process control connecting to achieve from raw materials into the plant, production and processing of shipments to the entire production process and the overall integration process control. Currently iron and steel enterprises have basically achieved process automation, but this kind of automated island of single automation lack of information resources and the sharing of the unified management of the production process, can hardly meet the requirements of the iron and steel production. Future competition iron and steel enterprises is the focus of many varieties, small batch production, cheap and of good quality, timely delivery of goods. In order to improve productivity, saving energy, reducing staff and the existing inventory, accelerate cash flow, production, operation and management of the overall optimization, the key is to strengthen the management, access to the benefits of raising the competitiveness of businesses. The United States, Japan and some other large-scale iron and steel enterprises in the 1980s has been widely realization of CIMS. 2.5 Fieldbus Technology (FBT) Fieldbus Technology (Fied Bus Technology) is the connection settings in the field of instrumentation installed in the control room and control devices for digital, bi-directional, multi-station communication link. Fieldbus technology used to replace the existing signal transmission technology (such as 4 to 20 mA, DC DC transmission), it will enable more information in the field of Intelligent Instrumentation devices and higher-level control system in th
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