大学英语应用文写作.ppt

大学英语应用文（书信）写作,书信是日常生活中常用的文体，是用以交涉事宜、 传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要 工具。英文书信分为两大类：私人信件和公务信件。 私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书 信各有自己的格式。一般说来，私人信件不拘形 式，信文多用手写，也可打印； 公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的 书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请 信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信 件。公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式。,英语书信的结构：,英文书信通常包括6个组成部分： 信头（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期); 信内地址（inside address，指收信人地址); 称呼（salutation）; 正文（body）; 结束语（complimentary）; 签名（signature）; 有时候还包括附言（postscript）和 附件（attachment）。 在考试中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包 括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分。,3 .称呼（Salutation） 称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如： Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen: Dear Dr. Johnson, 对不相识的人可按性别称呼： Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。 如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam:,3. 信的正文（Body of the Letter） 正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的 正文的开头不是先写一些问候语，再阐明写信的目的，而是 直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情 况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。英文书信陈述 目的时，应该直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段，通常被称为起首语。一般 说来，人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始，即 先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看 便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也 可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。,正文写作格式： 正文的写作格式主要有英式和美式两种。 1)英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构,即每一段 的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须 保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。 2) 美式结构则是齐头式结构，其特点是所有段落的第一行 都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格 写。 商业信函以及电子邮件最好使用齐头式。,缩进式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,齐头式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,4.结束语（Complimentary Close） 公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署 名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语 结尾后面要加逗号。 在公务信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有：Truly yours, Yours truly, Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully, Faithfully yours, Yours faithfully, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely Yours truly, Yours 等。 私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有： Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。,5. 签名（Signature） 写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二 行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须 写出全名。签名常常较潦草，不易辨认，因 此在签名的正下方须打印出全名。,投诉信 (A Letter of Complaint),在人们的生活中经常会发生一些事情，比如消费利益受损、正常生活和工 作受到干扰等等令人伤脑筋的事情，有时写封投诉信不失为一个解决的办 法。 投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实 事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后 果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以 及补救方式。 投诉信的结构 （1）开头：自我介绍，交代投诉内容，表明本信的目的。 （2）正文：说明情况，讲清利害，分析利弊。告诉对方你因此受到的伤害 或不便，提出解决问题的建议，表明希望如何处理。 （3）结尾：表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望，希望尽快得到满 意的答复。,Dear _, I am _（自我介绍）. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _（总体介绍）. In the first place, _（抱怨的第一个方面）. In addition, _（抱怨的第二个方面）. Under these circumstances, I find it _（感觉）to_（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. I appreciate it very much if you could _（提出建议和请求）, preferably _（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by _（设定解决事情最后期限）. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient. The reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommates inconsiderate behavior. His friends constantly visit him and he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. Under these circumstances, I find it different to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind on my assignments. I am sure you will agree that the solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distraction. I would be grateful if you could found a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,Dear Sir or Madam, It was somewhat irritating to find that the English-Chinese dictionary you sent to me on Dec. 13th, 2009 was totally unacceptable. The dictionary was a great disappointment, for when it arrived, it was far behind the date you promised to send it to me. Besides, the wrappings looked worn and dirty. And more surprisingly, when I opened the dictionary, I found more than 20 pages of it missing (p.123 to p. 136). Id be grateful if you could send me a replacement and refund my postage (state amount). I really appreciate your help. Yours faithfully, Li Ming,投诉信常用语 1) 有礼貌地说明所犯错误或指出问题 1.I am writing to complain about- 2.I write to express my concern/dissatisfaction about 3.I would like to express my disappointment about- 4.We have received your (invoice/consignment) 5.With reference to your invoice of- I must point out- 6.According to-, the correct figure is- 7.On checking the goods, we discovered that 200 radios were missing. 8.Your invoice states that the consignment contains radios, but in fact .,2) 要求对方采取措施 1. I will appreciate anything you can do to help me 2. I trust you will take my complaint seriously. 3. I would, however, be perfectly satisfied if you would kindly replace the item or refund my money, whichever is more convenient. 4.We should be obliged if you could investigate these matters. 5.We should be thankful if you could give us a refund for the faulty goods. 6.We shall appreciate very much if you could replace the damaged goods by Tuesday. 3) 期盼对方回复 1. I look forward to hearing from you soon. 2. I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. 3. I look forward to your early reply.,2004年6月大学英语六级作文题目 设想你买了一本英文词典，发现有这样那样的质量问题，书店的服务态度又不好，因此给报社编辑写信 信中必须包括以下内容： 1、事情的起因 2、与书店交涉的经过 3、呼吁服务行业必须提高服务质量,June 19, 2004 Dear Editor, I am writing this letter to reflect some problems I came across recently and. appeal to the improvement of the service industry. This weekend I bought an English-Chinese dictionary in a bookstore near my home since its cover is elaborately designed. But when I went home and read carefully, I found that the several pages of the dictionary have been cracked and befouled. What is worse, the misprints spread everywhere in the dictionary and seriously affect my comprehension. Since there was such damage and misprint to the dictionary, I went to the bookstore to require for a replace.,But to my surprise, the staff of the bookstore turn down my request rudely and even denied the poor quality of the dictionary. It goes without saying that todays face-paced and market-oriented economy calls for much higher standard for service industry. However, to my regret, many of the commercials fail to achieve this standard and the quality of the staff needs to be improved. Its self-evident that the poor quality of practitioners in the service industry will not only deeply disappoint customers but also hamper the development of our countrys economy. As a result, I expect your newspaper to appeal to the service industry to attach more importance to the service improvement. Thank you for your attention! Sincerely yours, Sam,申请信 (A Letter of Application),申请信主要用于求职或求学,目的是要对方充分了 解自己的目的和资格.因此,申请信必须简明扼要,突 出重点.申请信可以是针对招聘广告写的,也可以市 直接递交给某个单位的.申请信要求语言规范,信息 正式,既不能夸张,也不必过于谦虚.申请信的结构一 般包括:申请目标,自述理由,介绍资格,请求面试和 期待回音等. 语言注意点申请信开篇应点明主题， 语言简练。接着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具 备的申请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。 最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、诚恳的 措辞。,这类信件的主要结构是: 1) 说明写作目的表明想要获得什么工作或学位，介绍自 己，为什么写信若是应聘工作则还需说明何时何地从哪里获 得该职位的招聘信息（对公司评估广告效应非常重要)所有这 些可以用一句话概括 2) 介绍相关工作经历及本人个性，以表明你可以胜任这个 职位包括教育背景、工作经历、个人能力及成就还可根据情 况简单介绍个人爱好和兴趣注意：所有这些内容均应与应聘 工作或学位有关系介绍背景时，选词遣字既不过分渲染，又 不过分谦虚要给人留下既充满信心又态度诚恳的印象 3) 表示感谢和期待，恳请招聘单位对自己的申请给予优先 考虑，留下联络方式及对对方表示感谢,practice Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to apply for a position of being an English tutor for a fifteen-year-old student. You should write no less than 180 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1.表明写信的原因 2.列举本人能胜任这份工作的理由 3.总结并提出期望,Dear Sir or Madam, Im writing in response to the advertisement on the Oct. 1st, 2005 edition of 21st Century. Im confident that my education and experience qualify me for this position. I can fulfill the responsibility for the following reasons. At present, Im a sophomore of Zhejiang University. As an English major, I have laid a solid foundation in language learning. Moreover, I have rich experience in teaching English though I am still a student now. I have tutored English to two students of junior middle school for a whole year.,Under my supervision, both of them made great progress in English and got good scores in the final exams. Whats more, I attached much importance to communicating with them, and thus we built a good relationship. Im fully convinced that, with my qualification and experience, I am the right person for the job. I hope you will take my qualification into consideration. Please contact me at 12345163.com by mail or 85588886 by phone. Your early reply will be appreciated. Yours faithfully Mary,范文： Dear Mr. Moore, I would like to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. I am enclosing my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications. Not only do I have the qualifications and work experience for this job, but I also have the right personality for a waitress. I am a friendly person who can quickly establish a rapport with people of all ages. The fast-paced environment of waiting on tables suits me, because I enjoy working under pressure. My former boss was surprised at my efficiency in dealing with customers orders. I hope to meet with you to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. I can be reached at 4639234 during the days and 924,6868 after 6 p.m. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to you in the near future. Yours sincerely Li Ming,常见求职及申请信的导语句型： I am writing to apply for . I wish to apply for the post mentioned in your advertisement in Beijing Daily of March 21. I am writing to express my interest in . I am writing to formally request . I should like to apply for the job advertised in yesterdays newspaper. Your advertisement for a sale manager in has impressed me. I feel I can fill that vacancy The requirements outlined in your advertisement makes me confident that I am qualified for the position. I am writing in response to your advertisement for the position of It is with considerable interest that I enclose my resume in response to your advertisement for a Human Resources Manager.,表示信心、能力或兴趣的方式： I feel that similar contributions might be made to your firm as well. I feel that, with my overall qua1ifications and desire, I could contribute significantly to your company. I feel that I can make a strong contribution to your company. I would appear to have excellent qualifications for this position . I feel confident that I can provide the kind of leadership that you are seeking for. I am convinced that my interest together with my academic background and working experiences will make me better qualified in applying a course of a higher level.,在信尾表达进一步联系的愿望，表示感谢的方式： After you have reviewed the enclosed curriculum vitae, I would appreciate an opportunity to discuss how I may contribute to your department. I would be pleased to have the opportunity to interview with . I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss how I might further contribute to your . Thank you again and I look forward to hearing from you shortly. I am very interested in this position and would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss during a face-to-face interview. Thank you for you consideration. Thank you again and I am looking forward to hearing from you. I would appreciate it if you could contact me as soon as possible. If there is anything further I could add to a review of my qualifications or goals, please do not hesitate to call. I hope to hear from you soon.,推荐信（A letter of recommendation）,推荐信是一个人为推荐另一个人去接受某个职位或参与某 项工作而写的信件。特定含义下指本科生或硕士研究生到其 他（一般是国外）大学研究生院攻读硕士或博士学位时，请 老师所写的推荐信。一般说来美国的研究生院要求提供3封 推荐信，信件作者应该熟悉学生，并且有一定知名度。 一封推荐信应该提供如下信息：who you are, your connection with the person you are recommending, why they are qualified and the specific skills they have。此外， 还应该包括联系方式，以便用人单位可以了解、确认情况。 推荐信一般分为三个部分： (1)介绍推荐人和提及与自己的熟悉程度； (2)对推荐人的评价； (3)提及推荐者综合素质有关的内容。,Paragraph 1 推荐信的第一段应该说明你和被推荐人的关系，包括你是怎么认识他/她的，还有你写这封推荐信的资格。 Paragraph 2 推荐信的第二段应该包括被推荐人的个人信息，说明他/她的资格、能力，如果是推荐被推荐人应聘某个职位，推荐信应该描述这个人的能力能适合他/她所要求的职位。可以参考招聘广告上对职位的要求和被推荐人的简历一起来写.,Paragraph 3 Summary 主要内容叙述清楚后，还应该加一个简短的总结。总结部分应该再简述一下你为什么要推荐这个人。可以写上I highly recommend the person，I recommend the person without reservation 或者其他类似的话。推荐信的结尾部分应该写上你愿意提供更多的详细信息，要注明你的电话号码，联系方式和email address.,一封推荐学生进一步攻读学位的信 Dear Sir or Madam: This is to recommend Mr. Huang Gang for admission to your university. I have known Mr. Huang since 1995 when I served as advisor to the students in the Electrical Engineering Department at Xiamen University. Later, it happened that in 2001 I served as Mr. Huangs supervisor again in his graduate program at Shangdong University. Therefore I know Mr. Huang very well in terms of his personality and academic performance. Therefore I know Mr. Huang very well in terms of his personality and academic performance.,Mr. Hang has always been a very diligent student with an integrity. He has a broad range of interest in both academic and extracurricular activities. His academic record has constantly been at the top level, which resulted from his devotion to study and intelligent nature. In dealing with his fellow students, Mr. Huang always shows willingness to help others and it well respected by them.,I highly recommend his admission and hope that you act favorably on his application. If there is anything more you need to know about him, please dont hesitate to contact me. With the best regards. Sincerely yours, ( signature) Xu Ming Professor and Deputy Head (Academic) Dept. of E.E.Shandong University,写推荐信时，必然会提及被推荐人的品性（Characters）。介绍每个独 特的个性用词也十分讲究，下列Characters是一些跨国企业或国外大学 所欣赏的形容词: 1、Scholastic aptitude（学习方面的才能） aNative intellectual ability（天赋） bImagination（想象力） cCreativity（创造力） dCapacity for analytical thinking（分析思考能力） eIntellectual curiosity; spirit of inquiry（好奇心） f Ability to work independently（独立学习工作的能力） gMemory（记忆力） hAccuracy（准确性） i Methodology（研究方法） j Capability for abstract reasoning（抽象推理的能力） kPotential as a researcher（研究的潜力） l Potential as a teacher（教学的潜力） mAbility to express his ideas orally and in writing（口头或文字的表达能力） nCapacity, desire and determination for good quality graduate work（获得学业成功的能力、愿望与决心） oProbable success as a graduate student（作为研究生成功的可能性）,2、Academic performance（学业上的表现） a Breadth of general knowledge（知识丰富） b Knowledge of literature in his field（本专业领域知识） c Grade or achievement（成绩或成就） d Industry, diligence（勤勉） e Participation in discussion（讨论积极） f Academic maturity（学业上的成熟） 3、Languages（语言能力） a Ability to speak, understand, read and write the English language（听、说、读、写英文的能力） b Ability to read significant literature in other languages than English（英语以外的语言阅读能力） 4、Character（品行） a Honesty; integrity（诚实） b Sincerity（诚恳） c Sense of responsibility（责任感） d Cooperation （合作） e Enthusiasm（热诚） f Conscientiousness（自觉性） g Ethical and moral standards（伦理与道德标准） h Reliability; dependability（可靠性）,Dear Sir or Madam, It is with great pleasure that I recommend my student Li Ming for the position of administer in your company. I have been in charge of Mr. Lis class since they were freshmen, so I know him well. He is an outstanding graduate majoring in Business Administration. He has a broad range of interest in both academic and extracurricular activities. He is courteous, sincere and hardworking. He took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration ability. And also his excellent communication ability and good command of English add a lot to his managerial skills. I believe Mr. Lis education and character undoubtedly qualify him to serve as an administrator in your company. I recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff member. If there is anything more you need to know about him, please dont hesitate to contact me. Sincerely yours, Wang Hua,Dear Professor Smith, It is my pleasure to recommend my student Mr. Wang Gang for admission to your department for pursuing a master degree in accounting. I am engaged in accounting teaching at a university in Beijing China, I enjoy my work and all of my Chinese students, who are so clever and friendly. However Mr. Wang Gang excels almost any others. He is not only outstanding in the field of accounting but also gifted for the English language, for he seems to understand almost every word I say in class. As concern as his personality, I find him honest, responsible, and cooperative. I bet youll like him too. I recommend him enthusiastically. If you need further information regarding Mr. Wang Gang, do not hesitate to contact me. Best regards, Sincerely yours, Brown,Dear Sir: Wang Xin has been working on his study in our research institute since 2000.He has acquainted himself with this job in a short time, which requires high qualification. During the past years he has made a series of academic achievements, which have been published in many professional magazines and newspapers. Mr. Wang completed his work independently and has earned high reputation and popularity among other staff in the research institute due to his diligent and progressive personality. I strongly recommend his admission withou