独立主格状语从句关系.ppt

Key points,1.With 复合结构,with+ noun+,1.adj. 2.prep. phrase 3. adv. 4.doing 5. done 6. to do,Translation,1.工作做完了,他们很高兴. 2.甚至在冬天他喜欢睡觉开着窗子. 3. 一个小男孩站在那儿,一丝不挂.,They felt happy with the work done.,He sleeps with the windows open even in winter.,A little boy is standing there with nothing on.,with复合结构 与 独立主格结构,它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。,with复合结构的模式是： with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 独立主格结构的模式是： 主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语,无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：,He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.,三、作条件状语,1、With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.,= Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.,2、With the car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.,= The car going wrong, well have to stop at the foot of the mountain.,【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather . A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit 【答案】A,【2012北京】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 【答案】C,独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。,1. 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。,2. 用作条件状语 Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。,3. 用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。,4. 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。,5. 表示补充说明 A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。,After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。,2. 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略： (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。,4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如： The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。 比较动名词复合结构： The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised.,2. All things _, I think we ought to give the job to George. A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. being considered,4.过去分词作状语,1.Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. 2.Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. 3.Lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. 4.The teacher came in, followed by some students. 5.Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.,原因状语,原因状语,条件状语,时间状语,伴随状语,1.Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. Because he was tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. 2. Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. =If I had been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.,3.Lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. 4.The teacher came in, followed by some students. =The teacher came in and he was followed by some students. 5.Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. = When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.,=Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.,He will not come unless invited. Though told to stop, he kept on walking. Im doing my homework as requested.,过去分词作状语时，前面常有unless,when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这样就能使过去分词短语所表示 的意思更加明确。,(作条件状语),(作让步状语),(作方式状语),原因从句： Because it is Sunday, you neednt go to shool. 主语 主语 It being Sunday, you neednt go to school. ( O) 分词 逻辑上的主语 （It being Sunday 构成独立格结构在句子中作原因状语）,Being Sunday, you neednt go to school.,官员们都到齐了，宣布开会。 分词表示 All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open. 分词逻辑上的主语 时间状语从句： After (when) all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.,天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。 分词表示： Weather permitting ,Well go to the Summer Palace. 分词逻辑上的主语 条件状语从句： If weather permits , well go to the Summer Palace.,All the work done, you can have a rest. 分词逻辑上的主语 =All the work is done and you can have a rest. 所有的工作都完成了，你们可以休息了。,1.Being ill, he stayed at home. As he was ill, he stayed at home. 2.AS her mother was ill, she stayed at home. Her mother being ill, She stayed at home,7. Is this the watch you wish _?,to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired,8. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.,Having been told,B. Though he had been told,C. He was told D. Having told,10._with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （04湖北）,ACompare BWhen comparing,CComparing DWhen compared,（二）无动词独立主格结构,当堂检测,1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were 2. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 3. _, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 4. ; we had to put the meeting off. A. Because the manager was ill B. The manager being ill C. The manager was ill D. Being ill,13._, you can wait a while. A. The play being still on B. The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B 14._, so you can wait a while A. The play is still on B. The play being still on C. As the play is still on D. The play still on 15.The boy followed the nobleman here, _. A. a sword in hand B. a sword in his hand C. being a sword in hand D. sword in hand 16.The boy followed the nobleman here _. A. with a sword in his hand B. with a sword in hand C