浙江专用2018届高考英语总复习真题研练Week11Monday含解析.docx

Week 11MondayTask 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2013江苏，C)If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压)sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds naturalhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast，were mercifully sharkand crocodilefree. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, hey were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.【语篇解读】科普知识类文章。文章主要介绍Rothschild教授关于鱼龙类生物在近1亿5千万年里如何适应减压问题的研究。在开始研究时，他原本认为年轻化石里弯曲的迹象会比老化石里的少，因为这标志着鱼龙类生物逐渐进化出反减压器官，然而他的研究结果得出相反的结论。1Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?AA twisted body.BA gradual decrease in blood supply.CA sudden release of nitrogen in blood.DA drop in blood pressure.答案A细节理解题。第一段第三句提到遭遇bend的症状是“sharp pain and a bent body”，此处bent等于twisted，意为“扭曲的，弯曲的”。2The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see_Ahow often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsBhow ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionCwhy ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesDwhen ichthyosaurs broke their bones答案B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“What he particularly wanted to investigate was how.”可知答案为B。3Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4_Aconfirmed his assumptionBspeeded up his research processCdisagreed with his assumptionDchanged his research objectives答案C细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知研究结果与他原本的假设相反，因此答案为C。4Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_Afailed to evolve an antidecompression meansBgradually developed measures against the bendsCdied out because of large sharks and crocodilesDevolved an antidecompression means but soon lost it答案A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句可以推断出答案。Rothschild可能已经得出结论：鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官。Task 2：词汇积累1reduction n减少2consequence n结果3cut off 切断4to the point of 达到的程度5investigate vt.调查6adapt to 适应7to this end为了这个目的8assume vt.假定9an abundance of 大量的10by contrast 相比之下Task 3：攻克长难句1Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.分析：这是一个主从复合句，在when引导的时间状语从句中，to find out.作目的状语。