2019高中英语刷题首选卷基础练能力练Unit1GreatscientistsSectionⅠPre_reading.docx

Section Prereading (Warming Up & Reading)对应学生用书P1基础题.单词拼写1The police _ (推断出) that he must be the murderer.答案：concluded2One of the biggest _ (挑战) this government is faced with is how to remove hunger.答案：challenges3As we all know, Van Gogh was a famous _ (画家)答案：painter4To our surprise, many rivers and lakes nearby are seriously _ (污染)答案：polluted5Its not a _ (科学的) way to test the theory.答案：scientific6The scientist _ (分析) the milk and found it contained too much water.答案：analysed7After a long discussion, they drew a _ (结论) in the end.答案：conclusion8The old woman is well _ (照顾) to by her daughter.答案：attended9He is an _ (专家) in the field of maths.答案：expert10My _ (内科医生)advised me to give up smoking.答案：physician.单句语法填空12017天津高考Dont waste your time trying to find _ if the receiver has read it yet.答案：outfind out “弄清楚，查明白”，为固定用语，符合语境，故填out。22017浙江高考Pahlsson screamed so loudly _ her daughter came running from the house.答案：that此处为so . that . 结构，意为“如此以至于”，故填that。32016浙江高考I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope _ (attend) more in the coming years.答案：to attend句意：我总是很喜欢你组织的所有赛事，我希望未来几年参加更多的赛事。hope to do sth. “希望做某事”。4To prevent the world from _ (pollute) by cars, we will have to make some changes.答案：being pollutedprevent . from doing . “阻止做”，又因pollute与the world之间是被动关系，所以填being polluted。5One of the _ (challenge) he has accepted is to swim across the river.答案：challenges“one of 复数名词”表示“之一”，因此空处填challenges。6Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week?答案：that/which句意：你能告诉我你上周参观的那个工厂的名字吗？分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the factory；从句中visited为及物动词，后缺宾语，故用that或which引导。7The children are helpless _ (victim) of the fighting.答案：victims句意：这些无助的孩子是战争的受害者。由于主语The children是复数形式，所以victim也要用其复数形式。8When he woke up, he found his watch gone. It seemed that he _ (suspect) me of stealing it.答案：suspected由主句It seemed的时态可判断，从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时，故填suspected。suspect sb. of doing sth. “怀疑某人做了某事”。9From the good results of the exam, we can come to the _ (conclude) that the students have learnt this unit well.答案：conclusioncome to the conclusion为固定用法，意为“得出结论”。10The policy is partly _ (blame) for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.答案：to blamebe to blame for “对负有责任”，是固定用法。.完成句子1He knew that cholera would never _ until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。答案：be controlled2So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he _ begin his enquiry.因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，他着手准备对此进行调研。答案：was ready to3He _ find out why.他决心要查明其原因。答案：was determined to4Next, John Snow _ the source of the water for these two streets.接下来，约翰斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。答案：looked into5To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。答案：(should) be examined能力题.阅读理解Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolish experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?Sometimes, people think they have already known the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.Charles Darwin didnt settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldnt be worth anything.But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our presentday understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set_aside some of ancient Greek physics.Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.1The passage tells us that Charles Darwin _.Awas a great English scientistBalways liked doing the experiments that others thought difficultCthought even the simplest thing was importantDdidnt get on well with others答案：C细节理解题。短文并没有说查尔斯达尔文是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A；文中说法是别人认为达尔文的许多实验太简单不值得做，可排除B；文中没有论述达尔文与别人相处的情况，可排除D。由第三段最后一句可知答案为C。2The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means _.Athrow away Bstore upCput to use Drealize答案：A词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单的实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此这些理解当然是“推翻”了一些古希腊物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。3The author of the passage tries to _.Aconvince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the worldBdraw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple thingsCprove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speedDdraw our attention to everyday happenings around us答案：D推理判断题。短文的最后一段点明作者的观点：最简单的想法都可能动摇科学的根基，即告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。4Which of the following is TRUE?ADarwin really did foolish experiments.BAccording to some people, Darwin did foolish experiments.CIt is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.DGalileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.答案：B细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句表明，有些人认为达尔文做了愚蠢的实验。.完形填空William ThomsonWilliam Thomson was born on 26 June 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family _1_ to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, _2_ studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he _3_ for more than 50 years.In Glasgow, Thomson _4_ the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different _5_， particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). _6_ Faraday, he was responsible for the introduction of the concept of an electromagnetic field _7_ Thomson developed the work of the _8_ of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most _9_ results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperaturethe scale based on this is named _10_ him.Throughout his work Thomsons main goal was the practical _11_ of science. He achieved _12_ through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical _13_ of the day. He was _14_ as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 18571858 and 18651866, for which he was knighted (授以爵位) in 1866. His _15_ in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners compass and _16_ a tide machine and depthmeasuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be _17_ by electric light.Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the _18_ of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that _19_ near Glasgow University and was president of the Royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December 1907 in Ayrshire, Scotland and was _20_ in Westminster Abbey.1A.flew BtravelledCwandered Dmoved答案：D结合上文的“in Belfast”和后面的“to Glasgow”可知，此处表示一家人从贝尔法斯特搬到了格拉斯哥。2A.or BthenCbut Dso答案：B结合前面的“attended university”和“Cambridge and Paris Universities”可知，他先在格拉斯哥上大学，后来到剑桥大学和巴黎大学上学。3A.sought BconfirmedCheld Dadmired答案：C从空格前面的“professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post”可知，此处表示他担任这个职位长达50多年。4A.took up Bbroke upCset up Dblew up答案：C由后面的“the first physics laboratory”可知，此处表示建立了第一个物理实验室。5A.fields BcountriesClabs Dcolleges答案：A后面提到的“particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学)”是两个不同的领域。6A.In spite of BExcept forCTogether with DRegardless of答案：C根据语境可知，此处表示和法拉第一起，他负责引入了电磁场这个概念。7A.which BwhenChow Dwhere答案：D由前面的“an electromagnetic field”可知，这里是表示抽象概念的名词短语作先行词，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故应使用where引导定语从句。8A.learners BpioneersCcompetitors Dleaders答案：B根据上文的“developed the work of”和下文的“the subject”及其后的两个人名可知，此处指的是汤姆森发展了这两位先驱者在这一学科的成就。9A.important BobviousCfortunate Dpositive答案：A结合后面的“his idea of an absolute zero of temperature”可知，此处表示他所提出的重要的想法。10A.for BwithCafter Don答案：C此处是一个固定词组name after，表示“以命名”的意思。11A.discovery BproblemCadvice Duse答案：D从下文的“He achieved _12_ through his work on submarine telegraphy .”可知，他的主要目标是让科学被实际利用。12A.wealth BfameCcontribution Denthusiasm答案：B由第14空所在的句子可知，他由于在大西洋电缆铺设工作上的成就被授以爵位，故此处指他通过自己在海底电报方面的工作而成名。fame “名声，名誉”符合语境。13A.problem BfantasyCexperiment Dmystery答案：A根据语境可知，此处是指海底电报通讯术是当时一个主要的实际问题。14A.considered BattractedCemployed Daccused答案：C从后面的“as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables”可知，他被聘作科学顾问来指导铺设电缆。15A.hobby BdesireCsuccess Dinterest答案：D根据语境并结合后面的“in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners compass”可知，此处是指他对海洋问题的兴趣激励他开发了水手的指南针等。16A.operate BinventCcontrol Dproduce答案：B结合前面的“develop”和后面的“a tide machine and depthmeasuring equipment”可知，他发明了海潮机和深度测量设备。下句的“invented”是提示。17A.lit BbuiltCdecorated Dequipped答案：A后面的“by electric light”表示他家是第一家使用电灯照明的家庭。light “照明，照亮”，符合语境。一般用被动形式，过去分词为lit。18A.title BnameChonor Daward答案：A结合空格前面的“was raised to the noblemen”和后面的“Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892”可知，在1892年他晋升成为了贵族，拥有Kelvin of Largs男爵的称号。19A.floated BrushedCsurrounded Dflowed答案：D根据前面的“a small river”可知，此处表示小河从格拉斯哥大学附近流过。20A.buried BrespectedCadmitted Dpreserved答案：A与前面的“He died on 17 December 1907”呼应，此处指他死后被埋葬在威斯敏斯特教堂里面。.短文改错Dear Sir，Thank you for invite me to the summer English course in your school. As for your choice between the two courses, I prefer the fourweek course because of this will allow me more time to do some traveling but make a few new friends. Of all the subject Im learning at school, I like English better. I had been learning English for eleven years but my spoken English remains poorly. So I really hope to take this chance to improve it. If possible, Id like to stay with a f