历年考研英语真题阅读出处.doc

一、2013年知识运用试题来源 这次知识运用试题选材来自考研英语必考杂志经济学人，原文标题是：A Question of Judgment；原文链接：/node/21556895；选项里的大多数单词都能认识，但不一定能选对，这属于考研英语出题的一大特色熟词生义。文章难度适中，选项看似容易，但选择起来总感觉模糊不清，很难做判断。命题专家在出题的时候也进行了一定程度的改写和删除。 A NEVER-ENDING flow of information is the lot of most professionals. Whether it comes in the form of lawyers cases, doctors patients or even journalists stories, this information naturally gets broken up into pieces that can be tackled one at a time during the course of a given day. In theory, a decision made when handling one of these pieces should not have much, if any, impact on similar but unrelated subsequent decisions. Yet Uri Simonsohn of the University of Pennsylvania and Francesca Gino at Harvard report in Psychological Science that this is not how things work out in practice. Dr Simonsohn and Dr Gino knew from studies done in other laboratories that people are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1. grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2. external factors. （But in a world of quotas and limitsin other words, the world in which most professional people operatethe two researchers suspected that it was actually a weakness.在考试中命题老师删掉了） They speculated that an inability to consider the big 3. picture was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4. For example, they theorized that a judge 5. fearful of appearing too soft 7. on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 8. if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day. To 8. test this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. (Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them在试卷中删掉了). In theory, the 9. success of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10. chosen randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn and Dr Gino suspected the truth was 11. otherwise. They studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12. conducted by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13. rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14. took numerous factors into consideration, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments. The scores from this rating were 15 then used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16. marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonsohn and Dr Gino discovered that their hunch was right. If the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17. before that, then the score for the next applicant would 18. drop by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19. undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20. necessary. (最后一段命题老师没有选用)As for why people behave this way, Dr Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a weaker candidate “is due”. Alternatively, he suggests that interviewers may be engaging in mental accounting that simplifies the task of maintaining a given long-term acceptance rate, by trying to apply this rate to each daily group of candidates. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the rejection of qualified business-school candidates.二、2013年考研英语阅读理解Part A 文章命题来源 Text 1 第一篇文章出自 2012年6月21日Business-week 上的一篇文章，文章有一定难度。从整个文章脉络来看，文章的第一段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章的主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业。第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革的弊端，比如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费现象。最后两段提到针对“快时尚”的不良影响，可以采取的解决办法。 Text 2 第二篇文章2012年6月9日Economist上的一篇文章，原文名Microsoft and Privacy: Change of track 主要讲述了广告商如果获得了用户的在线行为数据，就能省下很大一部分广告费用，但跟踪用户行为是否合理是本文主要探讨的一个问题。美国的微软公司率先做出表率，称即将推出的IE10中，将“不允许跟踪”设置成默认。但这一举措令广告商们惶恐不已。因为，这意味着他们就不能收集到有关用户偏好的信息，那么，他们投放广告的费用无疑就会变大。并且，美国广告主协会会长Bob Liodice声称：“对于用户来说，他们看到的将是那些更没有意义、更没有针对性的广告”。虽然，微软在自己的博客中写道“我们认为用户应该有更大的话语权”。但很显然，作者对于微软单单采取这一措施的动机表示质疑，认为它们是在与谷歌做竞争。 Text 3 第三篇文章选自New Scientist，是一篇科普类的阅读文章，论述的主题是人类越发光明的前景The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind。 Text 4 第四篇文章出自2012年6月25日Wall Street Journal上的一篇文章，论述的是有关联邦政府和州政府之间一些法律上的问题，由于需要一定的背景知识，因此理解起来有一定难度，对考生构成一定的阅读障碍。三、阅读Part C 翻译文章选自一本小品文集：Gardens: An Essay on the Human Condition。不出意外，英语一的翻译文章，出题人特别喜欢从某一书中去改编。2013年考研英语一翻译这段话，改编自这本书的59页到61页其中一篇文章，作者从一张照片说开去。Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didnt exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman lifeassuming uncanny representational forms.四、总体评价 2013年考研英语文章的选材，依然保持了新颖、时效、广泛，专业性强、句子结构复杂等特点，对于备考2014年考研的同学来说具有很大的借鉴作用，所以建议广大2013年的考生从现在开始就要开始广泛阅读外文报刊杂志，读懂专业性很强的一些学术性的文章，同时关注赵过考研博客/u/1449695037和和新浪微博：赵老师英语。五、2014备考建议首先，要加强词汇记忆基本功，特别是专业性的词汇。从文章的改写情况和考试命题趋势来看，考研对于大纲词汇要求还是很严格的，所以在准备考试的初期阶段就要背好单词，突破单词关。 其次，注意阅读最新时效性强的外文报刊文章。选择较新的辅导材料和语言素材，尤其是2011年之后的外文报刊文章。从今年的试题来源来看，大部分选自2012年上半年的报刊文章。考研阅读理解部分的文章和考题的风格紧扣时代的节奏，主题很鲜明突出。因此选择合适的考研阅读素材来加强阅读是成功的第一步，这一点对于2014考研的学子来说尤其重要。 考研英语近五年考研题源 2011年 完形填空：Laughing Matters(笑的影响重大) 科学美国人2009年4-5月刊 阅读：Text 1：Selling Classical Music(推销古典音乐) 评论杂志2007年9月 Text 2：Top Managers Are Quitting,Without a New Job(顶级经理人正在纷纷裸职) 商业周刊2009年11月16日 Text 3：Beyond Paid Media:Marketings New Vovabulary(超越付费媒体：市场营销新词汇) 麦肯锡季刊2010年9月 Text 4：Not On Board With Baby(不与宝宝同行) 新闻周刊2010年7月9日 新题型：University Education in America:Professinalising Professor(美国的大学教育：教授的专业化) 经济学人2010年2月25日 2010年 完形填空：Lightwork :Questioning the Hawthorne effect (照明的作用：“质疑霍桑效应” ) 经济学人 2009年6月4日 阅读：Text 1：The Amateur as Critic(业余评论家) 评论杂志 2007年11月 Text 2：APending Threat to Patents(专利保护面临的潜在威胁) 商业周刊 2008年2月21 Text 3：The Accident Influentials (偶然的有影响力人士) 哈佛商业评论 2007年2月 Text 4：Bank and Accounting Standards:Messenger,Shot(银行和会计准则：报告财务状况的“信使“被迁怒了) 经济学人 2009年4月8日 新题型：A wholesale shift in European grocerice(欧洲食品杂货批发转型) 麦肯锡季刊 2003年第一期 2009年 完形填空：The Cost of Smarts(聪明的代价) 纽约时报 2008年5月7日 阅读：Text 1：Can You Become a Creature of New Habits?(你能成为新习惯生物吗？) 纽约时报 2008年5月4日 Text 2：Whos Your Daddy?The Answer May Be at the Drugstore(谁是你的父亲？在药店有可能找到答案) 科学美国人2008年11月14日 Text 3：Education Global Workers(教育全球工人) 麦肯锡季刊2003年12月 Text 4：the Intellect and the Heart in New England(英格兰的早期文明) 1989年专著：Intellectual Life in America:A history 新题型：数字多媒体百科全书Encarta社会学和社会改革 2008年 完形填空：The evolution of intelligence(智商的进化) 经济学人2005年6月2日 阅读：Text 1：Gender Inequality:Women Under Stress(性别不平等：压力下的女性) Discovery“健康”板块 Text 2：Scientfic Publishing-The Paperless Library(科学出版无纸图书馆) 经济学人 2005年9月22日 Text 3：Napoleons RevengeIn the US,Height Hits its Head on the Genetic Ceiling(拿破仑的复仇美国人已经达到了基因决定身高的极限) 科学美国人2001年7月 Text 4：The Sorry Legacy of the Founders(开国元勋们令人遗憾的遗产) 美国新闻与世界报道 新题型：如何写作初稿的说明文 2007年 完形填空：西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地在独立以后面临的各种问题 阅读：Text 1：A Star is Made:The Birth-Month Soccer Anomaly(明星是后天早就：异常的足球运动员出生月份现象) 纽约时报2006年5月7日 Text 2：Intelligence Considered(智商的思考) 科学美国人1998年1月20日 Text 3：The Middle Class on the PrecipiceRising Financial for American Families(处于悬崖边缘的中产阶级美国家庭面临的经济风险增加) 哈佛杂志2006年1-2月 Text 4：Information SecurityThe Leaky Corporation(信息安全泄密的企业) 经济学人2005年6月23日 新题型：How Can a Parent Help?(家长如何帮助孩子？) 时代周刊2004年1月16日二、文章来源考研阅读文章基本都选自英美主流报刊杂志，下面通过总结历年阅读文章的来源予以说明。1社会生活伦理类文章来源原文题目及发布时间2012Text1Time时代周刊HerdMentality(从众心理)2011.4.92011Text3McKinseyQuarterly麦肯锡季刊BeyondPaidMedia:MarketingsNewVocabulary（超越付费媒体：市场营销新词汇）2010.92011Text4Newstweek新闻周刊NotOnBoardWithBaby（不与宝宝同行）2010.7.92010Text3HarvardBusinessRevies哈佛商业评论TheAccidentialInfluentials（偶然的有影响力人士）2007.22009Text1NewYorkTimes纽约时报CanYouBecomeaCreatureofNewHabits?你能成为新习惯生物吗？2008.5.42008TextlDiscovery探索频道GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress（性别不平等：压力下的女性）2004Text2TheEconomist经济学家Surnames,aseasyasZYX（姓氏：字母排序的歧视）2001.8.30文章来源原文题目及发布时间2003Text1Time时代周刊SpiesLikeUs（像我们一样的间谍）1999.1.252003Text2Science科学AnimalRights:ReachingthePublic（动物权利：让公众了解）1998.112003Text4Newsweek新闻周刊TheBestHealthCareGoesOnlySoFar（最好的医疗保健也只能到此为止）2001.8.272001Text2USAToday今日美国Canweendworldpoverty?（我们可以消除世界贫困吗？）2000.1.28其他可能来源TheWashingtonPost华盛顿邮报；TheTimes泰晤士报；TheGuardian卫报；美国新闻在线。2科普类文章来源原文题目及发布时间2012Text3TheScientist科学家TheEvolutionofCredibility（可信度的发展）2011.2.1l2009Text2ScientiicAmerican科学美国人WhosYourDaddy?TheAnswerMayf3eattheDrugstore（谁是你的父亲？在药店可能找到答案）2008.11.142008Text3ScientiicAmerican科学美国人NapoleonsRevenge-InTheU.S.,HeightHitsItsHeadOnTheGeneticCeiling(拿破仑的复仇美国人已经达到了基因决定的身高极限)2001.72007Text2ScientificAmerican科学美国人IntelligenceConsidered（智商的思考）1998.12006Text3TheEconomist经济学家Overfishing:OceansEleventhHour?（过度捕鱼：海洋的最后时刻？）2003.5.152005TextlTheEconomist经济学家Moralmonkeys（具有道德感的猴子）2003.9.182005Text2USNews&WorldReport美国新闻与世界报道WarmingtotheTask（“赛前热身”为全球变暖做好充分准备）2001.6.172005Text3Newsweek新闻周刊TakingControl-ATherapistTeachesTechniquesToHelpTameYourNightmares(控制一位治疗专家教你驾驭噩梦的技巧)2002.7.152002Text2专著Hope:Reuni，icationo厂Mankind希望：人类的重新统-其他可能来源Science科学；NewScientists新科学家；Nature自然；NationalGeographic国家地理3商业经济类文章来源原文题目及发布时间2012Text2Bostoncom波士顿网站VermontYankeeplantsownermusthonoritsownpromises（佛蒙特州扬基案中的厂主必须遵守自己的承诺）2011.4.242012Text4TheEconomist经济学家Thebiggestbarriertopublic-sectorreformaretheunions（公共部门改革的最大障碍是工会）2011.3.172011Text2Businesstweek商业周刊TopManagersAreQuitting,WithoutaNewJob（顶级经理人在纷纷裸辞）2009.11.162010Text2Businessweek商业周刊ApendingThreattoPatents（专利保护面临的潜在威胁）2008.2.212010Text4TheEconomist经济学家BanksandAccountingStandards:Messenger,Shot（银行和会计准则：报告财务状况的“信使”被迁怒了！）2009.4.8l2009Text3MckinseyQuarterly麦肯锡季刊Educatingglobalworkers（对全球工人的教育）2003.122008Text2TheEconomist经济学家ScientificPublishing-ThePaperlessLibrary（科研出版无纸图书馆）2005.9.222007Text3HarvardMagazine哈佛杂志TheMiddleClassonthePrecipice-RisingfinancialrisksforAmericanfamilies（处于悬崖边缘的中产阶级美国家庭面临的经济风险增加）2006.1&22007Text4TheEconomist经济学家Informationsecurity-Theleakycorporation（信息安全泄密的企业）2005.6.232004TextlUSNews&WorldReport美国新闻与世界报道PuttingtheNettoWork（利用网络找工作）1997.10.272004Text3Newsweek新闻周刊WhatsAShopperToDo?（消费者将做什么？）2000.12.182002Text3TheEconomist经济学家OilPleasantSurprise（石油的惊喜）1999.11.27其他可能来源BusinessWeek商业周刊；WallStreetJournal华尔街4文化历史教育类文章来源原文题目及发布时间2011Text1Commentary评论SellingClassicalMusic（推销古典音乐）2007.9】2010Text1Commentarv评论TheAmateurasCritic（业余评论家）2007.112009Text4专著IntellectualLife锄A-merica：AHistory美国知识生活的历史第二章“theIntellectandtheHeartinNewEngland第一节“Civilization19892008Text4USNe叫s&WorldReport美国新闻与世界报道TheSorryLegacyofthefounders（开国元勋们令人遗憾的遗产）2004.1.122007TextlTheNewYorkTimes纽约时报AStarIsMade:TheBirth-MonthSoccerAnomaly（明星是后天造就：异常的足球运动员出生月份现象）2006.5.72006Text4Time时代周刊TheArtofUnhappiness(悲伤的艺术)2005.1.9I2005Text4TheEconomist经济学家TheEvolutionofEnglish-Talkingdown（英语的进化：越说越俗的英语）2004.1.292004Text4AmericanSchoolBoardJour-nal美国学校董事会杂志NurturingtheLifeOfTheMind:IfSchoolsDontVal-ueIntellect，WhoWill?（培养思想生活：如果学校都不注重才智，谁还会重视？）2001.1其他可能来源InternationalHeraldTribune国际先驱论坛；Telegraph英国电信日报；Independent独立日报三、有关考生平时广泛阅读的建议2008年考研英语真题阅读出处 有两篇来自The Economist,且都是科技版块的文章一是完形填空，出处Jun 2nd 2005的文章题目为：The evolution of intelligence Natural genius?链接为：/science/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=4032638二是阅读理解第二篇，出处Sep 22nd 2005 题目为：Scientific publishing The paperless library. 链接为: /science . fm?story_id=4423646注：以上两篇为收费阅读文章第一篇阅读理解，出处 Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress，链接为/centers/stress/articles/strainofstress/gender.html第三篇阅读理解，出处Scientific American 的Napoleons Revenge,链接为/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&colID=5&articleID=000F2759-D3C8-1C6F-84A9809EC588EF21第四篇阅读理解，出处U.S. News 的The sorry legacy of the founders链接为/usnews/culture/articles/040112/12slave.htm翻译题来自：/charles-darwin.html2007年考研英语真题阅读出处 Part A第一篇文章来自The New York Times /2006/05/07/magazine/07wwln_freak.html%3fex=1304654400&en=2cf57fe91bdd490f&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rssPart A第二篇文章来自Scientific American；http:/www.psych.utoronto.ca/reingold/courses/intelligence/cache/1198yam.htmlPart A第三篇文章来自Harvard Magazine /on-line/010682.htmlPa