《课时形容词》PPT课件.ppt

谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。,语法小知识,定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个 词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 状语：说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。,补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 主语是句子的被陈述部分。大多数实词和词组（介宾词组除外）都可以充当主语。,形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。 副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。 几种特殊情况，须牢记；,形容词、副词的作用与位置,（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。 如： a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high （2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。 如：a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。常见的系动词：(系表结构) 1. be动词 2. 起来：(look/seem/appear; feel; sound; smell; taste) She seems/appears happy 3. 变得；变成 ( become; grow; get; turn; come; go) His wish has come true. The tree is growing tall. 4. 保持(keep; stay) Keep warm. Stay happy,几种特殊情况，须牢记,（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。 如：I have something important to tell you. （4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 如：What else do you want? （5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。,（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。 如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. （7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。 （8）副词作定语，定语后置。 如：The person there is waiting for you.,（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。 如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the mans first interesting little red French oil paintings,（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。 下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。 表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词： 有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：,（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的 ( 2 ) 形容词 + 形容词 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的 （3）形容词 + 现在分词 good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的 （4）副词 + 现在分词 hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的,复合形容词的构成,（5）副词 + 过去分词 hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的 （6）名词 + 形容词 life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的 （7）名词 + 现在分词 peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的 （8）名词 + 过去分词 snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的,（9）数词 + 名词 + ed four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的 （10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数） ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的,比较级和最高级,better,worse,farther/further,less,older/elder,more,best,worst,most,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,（1）原级的构成和用法。 构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。 用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。 如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so (as)high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one.,形容词和副词的比较等级,（2）比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 （3）比较级的用法。 对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。 如：This picture is more beautiful than that one. 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。 如： This room is less beautiful than that one.,表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。 如：He works even harder than before. 注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。 如：She is better than she was yesterday Please come earlier tomorrow. 另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.,表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。 如：The harder he works, the happier he feels. 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构,即越来越怎么样. 如：The weather is getting colder and colder. 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。 如：He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.,在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。 如:The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.,倍数表达法。 （A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。 The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。 （B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 （C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.,三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. 最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。 如：This hat is by far / much/ nearly/almost/ not nearly/ by no means/ not quite/ nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat cost? 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。,最高级的用法,形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.,表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 -注意： 这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)， nice, kind(友善的)， friendly(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的), lazy(懒惰的) careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 eg. (1) Its very kind of you to help me. = You are very kind to help me. 你能帮助我，真好。 (2) Its very rude of her to say such words. = She is very rude to say such words. 她说这样的话，真粗鲁。 (3) Its foolish of him to go alone. = He is foolish to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。,三、形容词常用句型 1. Its + adj.+ of + sb.+不定式.,表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意： 这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重 要的)，necessary(必要的), difficult(困难的) easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。eg. （1）Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language. = To learn a foreign language is not easy for them. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 (2) Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. = To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students. 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 (3) Its necessary for us to get to school on time. = To get to school on time is necessary for us. 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。,2. Its + adj. + for + sb. + 不定式,3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。eg. (1) Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 (2) Im very sad to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。 eg. (1) Xiao Ming is always ready to help others. 小明总是乐于助人。 (2) He is sure to get to school on time. 他一定会按时到校。,形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。 如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.(most=very) 表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。 如：who is the older of the tow boys? 在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。 在same前一般要加the。 有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。,形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况,as much as + 不可数名词数量。 Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. as many as + 可数名词数量; 多达 I have as a many as sixteen reference books. as early as早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. as far as远到；就而知（论） We might go as far as (走到)the church and back. As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.,由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语,may (might, could)as well不妨、不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. as as can be到了最的程度，极其 They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。 as as one can He began to run, as fast as he could. as as possible Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.,very 和much的区别。 （A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。 (B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。 a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jacks attitude。 (C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting。,几组重要的词语辨析,（D）too前用much或far,不用very。 You are much / far / a lot too nice. 另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days. Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups. （E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构： （a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。 如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。,（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。 (c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。,只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个？,alone afraid awake asleep alive able,so +形容词 / 副词 +that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。,so that 与such that 的区别,但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。,（A）ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。 （B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 (C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。,其他几组词的辨析,(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。 (E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。 (F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。 (G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。,1.It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. A.an art much B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as,精典名题导解,答案为D,2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language. A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially,答案选A,3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays. the best more better the most,答案选C,4. _ you take _ healthy youll be. More exercise, more Most exercise, most The more exercise, the more The most exercise, the most,答案选C,5. American eat_ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many,答案选C,6. .-Are these enough for you all? -They arent really enough,_ are needed. A. much more B. many C. many more D. some,答案选C,7. He had never spent a_ day. A. more worry B. most worrying C. more worrying D. most worried,答案选C,8. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose_ one as she didnt want to spend too much money on it. A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive,答案选C,9. The dish is delicious! -Well, at least its_ the one I cooked yesterday. A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. no better than,答案选B,10. -Are you satisfied with her answer? -Not at all. It couldnt have been_. A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst,答案选A,11.One day they crossed the _ bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old,答案选A,12. - How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _ days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last,答案选B,adj & adv 形容词和副词,General revision for grammar,形容词用于修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质、 状态和特征。 副词是用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间，地点，程度等概念。它用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或句子。,概念,形容词的用法及位置,前置定语 A difficult situation, efficient approach|way 2. 后置定语: 1）修饰不定代词:something, anything, nothing, everything Nothing serious, anything special 2) 某些a-开首的形容词:afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware He is the only man alive.,adj 作定语,3) available, possible, imaginable前后置意义不变 He is the best person available. He is the best available person.,1) 用在be之后. They are capable of doing the job. 2) 相当于be 的动词之后：appear, seem, come, cook, die, fall, keep, lay,prove, remain, run, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, go, get, grow, become, turn remain calm, go hungry, fall asleep, come true, appear effective, die young,adj 作表语,只用作表语的形容词：well, ill, content, fond, glad, likely, ready, sorry, sure He is likely to see me today. This is a possible solution. The boy is ill/sick. The sick boy is lying in bed. ill news, ill wind, ill luck,You keep the classroom clean. Leave me alone, please.,adj 作宾补,She came home sick. He went to bed, cold and hungry and exhausted.,adj 作状语,副词的用法及位置,时间地点副词放在名词或代词之后 I bought something to drink on my way home. All the commodities(日用百货) here are made in Shanghai. It is quite fine today.,adv. 作定语,on, in, up, down, out, off, back, upstairs, away Whats on tomorrow? She is out.,adv. 作表语,Let her upstairs. Well see you off at the airport. They made him out yesterday.,adv. 作宾补,The boy swims well.(修饰动词) The room is quite small and dark. （修饰形容词） He worked out the problem very easily.（修饰副词） He got on that train fortunately. Fortunately, he got on that train. （修饰全句）,adv. 作状语,beautiful,beautifully,serious,seriously,She always looks _ .(美丽） She is always dressed _ (美丽) He has got a _(严重) illness. He is _（严重）ill.,adj & adv?,widely,badly,great,very,English is a _ (wide) used language. This soldier was _(bad) wounded. great/very This painting is of _ value. This painting is _ valuable.,1.You cant sit on this newly bought chair_. A.comfort B.comfortable C.comfortably D.with comfortable 2. The apple tastes _ and sells _ . A. well; well B. good; good C. good; well D. well; good 3. Your answer sounds _ . A. correct B. correctly C. correctness D. correcting,C,C,A,4. There was a _ talk between the two teams last week. A.friend B.friendship C.friendly D.warmly 5. At the meeting, they kept _ all the time. A. silent B.silence C. quietly D. quite 6. They all looked _ at the master and felt quite _ . A.sad; sad B. sadly; sadly C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad,C,A,D,lively, lonely, deadly, silly, orderly, timely, costly, brotherly,7.Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. -Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough,C,8.we decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily,D,9.John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening,A,10.(02北京) It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing,A,high / highly , deep / deeply , wide / widely close/closely , etc.,11.(03北京，春) - I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. - You can never be _ careful in the street. A. Much B. very C. so D. too,D,can not (never) too 怎么也不为过,12.(NMET00) Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially 13. (01北京春) In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. A. more B. other C. better D. any,D,B,other than 除了,14.(NMET2004全国) I dont mind picking up your things from the store. _ , The walk will do me good. A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides,D,15.(2004上海) Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time. A. accidentally B. purposefully C. obviously D. formally,C,16.(NMET2004天津) Mr Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up. A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly,B,17.(2004湖南) Everyone was on time for the meeting _ Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything. A. but B. only C. even D. yet,C,18.(NMET2004广东) It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much. A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly,D,19.(NMET2004广东) The great success of this programme has been _ due to the support given by the local businessmen. A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely,D,25.(NMET2003全国) Alien had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,A,形容词、副词 比较等级的用法,形容词和副词的比较等级,原级,1. 肯定 as (adv.) adj. / adv. 原级 as (conj.),2. 否定 not as (so) adj. / adv. 原级 as,3. 倍数 倍数 as adj. / adv. 原级 as,1. Mr. Sun speaks English as fluently as you .,2. This building looks not so (as) high as that one.,3. This room is three times as large as that one.,more most,worse worst,less least,比较级,1. 构成形式,- er,more,注意不规则变化,better best,farther farthest further furthest,误,more and more better,正,better and better,2.用法,A. 表示一方超过另一方 “ 比较级 than ”,B. 表示一方不及另一方 “ less 原级 than ”,C. 表示 越来越 “ 比较级 and 比较级 ”,D. 表示 越 越 “ the 比较级 , the 比较级 ”,E. 表示 倍数 “ 倍数比较级 than ”,3. 可以修饰比较级的副词或副词短语。,even, much, still, a bit, (quite) a little , far, etc.,注意：very 修饰原级，much 修饰比较级，修饰动词用much 或 very much.,1.She doesnt speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent. A.as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as 2.Of all the story books, I like this one _. Its not interesting at all. A. very much B. the best C. very less D. the least,A,D,3.-If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. -Ok, but do you have _size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger 4.If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _choice. A.good B.the best C.better D.the better,B,D,5.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ for the poor. A.more B.much C.many D.most 6.This story book is not interesting at all. -Well, Ill lend you _one, Ok? A.the most interesting B.a most interesting C.most interesting D.much interesting,A,B,7.-Its so hot today. -It surely is. Its _yesterday. A.two degrees hotter than B.two degrees as hot as C.two degree hotter than D.as two degrees ho