《高英语阅读理解》PPT课件.ppt

高三英语专题复习,英语阅读理解技巧(strategies about reading comprehension),一：文体（styles）分析能力,高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一般有这样几种文体(styles)，即 记叙文(narration)、 描写文(description) 说明文(exposition) 应用文(practical writing) 论述文（argumentation） 不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次。,考纲要求,要求学生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 1 理解语篇主旨大意 2 理解文中具体信息 3 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义 4 根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系 6 理解作者的观点，意图和态度,主旨大意型,事实细节型,推 理 判 断 型,命 题 类,词 义 猜 测 型,主旨大意题,干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。,干扰项 可能是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案) : 据文章全面理解 而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,技巧： 1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句。 2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题 3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性 的提示后。 例如： On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion that For all the reasons mentioned above , I would prefer,温馨提示,掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。,主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种： 1）The general/main idea of the passage is about _ 2）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage？ 3）In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 4）The passage is mostly about _ 5）The passage is mainly concerned about _ 6）What is the main topic of the passage？ 7）What is the best title for the passage？ 8）The subject discussed in this text is _ 9）The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 10）The passage is meant to . 11）The purpose of this article is to ,Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.,3,Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actions.,Topic Sentence: Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.,You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy.,5,Q: What does the passage mainly tells? A. How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams,Topic Sentence: Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health,事实细节题,干扰项 范围过大、过小 。,干扰项 偷换概念。,干扰项 正误并存，某个分句是正确的。,解题方法 : 原文定位法。 查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。 细心！,细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种： 1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 2) The author mentions all of the following except_ . 3)In the passage, the author states that _. 4) The reason for . . .is . . . 5) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) . 6)From the passage we know that _.,Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years. A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military Academy(西点军校),（1）,Q: President Eisenhower became well- known . A. while studying in West Point Military Academy B. during the American Civil War C. after he was elected President of the U.S. D. during World War II.,Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.,Q： Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Asia of 1991, Born in Shanghai , designed by Asia TV Station,Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian， host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight”， Miss Luo Lin， Miss Asia of 1991， appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.,（2）,However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage， dancing， singing，making-up and other proper manners， designed by the Asia TV Station. “Its really a hard job for me. I wont enter for such competition any more. Anyhow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time， in Shanghai， Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，“ said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.,推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型： 1) It can be inferred from the text that _. 2) From the text we know that _. 3) The story implies that _. 4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. 5) The writers attitude toward.is _. 6)The author implied（suggested）that 7)It may be concluded from the passage that 8)Which of the following statements does the passage support？ 9)With which of the following does the author agree？,One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,8,Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.”,9,Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude（态度） towards Mr Neff? A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff D. He does not like Mr. Neff,4.猜测词义题,主要要求学生根据上下文判断词语的涵义 这种题型常见的设题方式有： 1）The underlined word / phrase in the passage means _ 2）The word “it / them“in the first paragraph refers to _ 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _ 4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？,同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).,解 释,第四节,（一）根据常识、经验猜生词 例如： The old man put on his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel,（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有： 1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 。例如： The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 2利用事例或解释猜生词 。例如： The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词 。例如： Mr. Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late,4根据同位关系进行判断： 阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接。 a），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language b）The “Chunnel“，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete,（三）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义 One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low voice The early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD,（四）根据转折或对比关系进行判断 根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。 He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated,（五）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断 英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。 例如（NMET200