词类、句子成分.ppt

词 类,英语语法把词分为十类： 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、 介词、连词、数量词和感叹词。,名词 noun n 表示人或事物的名称 box, pen, tree, apple,动词就其句法作用来说：能够单独充当句法成分的 可分为及物动词、不及物动词、系动词,动词 verb,1，及物动词：字典里词后标有vt. (transitive verb )的就是 及物动词。及物动词后一般必须跟有动作的对象 即宾语）。必须加宾语意思才完整的动词， 就是及物动词。,2，不及物动词：不及物动词是不需要受词的动词。 字典里词后标有vi. (intransitive verb)的就是不及物动词 不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。 若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词， 如to, of ,at后方可跟上宾语。,3.系动词 link verb link-v. 说明主语的状态、性质、特征、身份或结果的。,常见的系动词有：,二、选择填空：,( ) 1. The apple tasted _.,sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet,D,( ) 2. He got up _ yesterday morning.,lately B. late C. latest D. latter,B,( )3. The actor _at the age of 70.,dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded,B,( )4. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.,We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we,A,( )5. The dog _ mad.,looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked,A,形容词adjective adj. 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 good, sad, high, short,副词 adverb adv. 修饰动、形、副等词，表示动作特征 there, widely, suddenly,代词 pronoun pron. 代替名词、数词、形容词We, this, them, myself,冠词 article art. 用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的范围 a, an, the,介词 preposition prep. 用在名词或代词前，说明它与别的词的关系 in, on, down, up,连词 conjunction conj. 表示人或事物的名称if, because, but,感叹词 interjection Int. 代替名词、数词、形容词等 oh, hello, hi, yeah,数量词 numeral num. 表示数目或顺序 one, two, first,主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。,Beijing is the capital. She is found of sports.,Beijing,She,句子成分和语序,（一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。,谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如：He practices running every morning.,谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,practices,2、复合谓语： 1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 2）由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students.,表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。,His father is a worker. Our workshop is bright and clean. That classroom is ours.,宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者， 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。,We love labor. Lei Feng always thought of others.,定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。,Lee is an excellent worker. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。,Our monitor studies well. He has lived in the city for ten years.,宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词， 除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语， 才能使句子的意义完整。,They painted their boat white We saw her entering the room.,练习,一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：,1. The students got on the school bus.,2. He handed me the newspaper.,3. I shall answer your question after class.,4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!,（主语、定语）,（谓语、状语）,（定语）,（间接宾语）,6. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.,5. His job is to train swimmers.,（定语、表语）,（宾语、状语）,7. He managed to finish the work in time.,（谓语、宾语）,10. The apples tasted sweet.,8. Do you have anything else to say?,9. Would you please tell me your address?,（宾语、定语）,（间接宾语、直接宾语）,（表语）,二 简单句的基本句型,英语简单句由于所用的主要动词不同（即连系动词， 不及物动词和及物动词三种），就产生了不同的句子 类型，归纳起来有如下五大类：,1）主语+连系动词+表语 Subject Link. VPredicate,The east is red. His father is a worker.,2）主语+谓语 Subject Verb,The sun sets in the east.,3）主语+谓语+宾语 Subject Verb Object,We often have dumplings.,4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 SubjectVerb Indirect objectDirect object,He brought me a loot of books.,5）主语+谓语+宾语+补语 SubjectVerb Object Complement,We elected Lao Zhang our group leader.,Homework 你的故事听起来很有趣 2、我感到有一点累。 3、我妹妹是在农村长大的。 4、这家医院创建于1950年。 5、他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。 6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。 7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗? 8、下学期谁教你们生物? 9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。 10、什么促使你这样想的?,1.Your story sounds very interesting. 2.I felt a bit tired. 3.My younger sister grew up in the country. 4.This hospital was set up in 1950. 5.He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast. 6.He brought out a bott