高考英语复习循序写作层级三文顺形范夺满分——“起承转合有讲究（安排4个学案）教案（含解析）.docx

层级三 文顺形范夺满分“起承转合”有讲究(安排4个学案) “起、承、转、合”是一篇好文章的普适架构。“起”是文章的开头，讲究简洁有力、引人入胜；“承”“转”是文章的中间部分，讲究内容充实、层次清晰；“合”是文章的结尾部分，讲究照应主题、回味深远。一篇错落有致、行文流畅的作文不仅能从视觉上吸引阅卷老师，更能从文笔上打动阅卷老师，作文取得高分甚至是满分也就在情理之中！学案(一)引人入胜的开头与回味无穷的结尾引人入胜的开头开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解文章要谈什么，最好能立刻引起读者的兴趣。下面介绍几种开头的常见写法：(一)书信的常用开头法开门见山法Im writing to invite you to visit a Chinese papercutting exhibition, which will be held in our school hall on May 5th Saturday.(2017全国卷书面表达)我写信邀请您参观中国剪纸展览会，该展览将于5月5日星期六在我们学校礼堂举行。Im writing to tell you something about my life and study in recent days.我写信是想告诉你我最近几天的生活和学习情况。Id like to invite you to take part in an outing.(20176月浙江高考应用文写作)我想邀请你参加郊游。(二)记叙文的常用开头法1故事背景法交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等Were going to Yendang Mountain to have an outing on July 8.We really hope that you can join us.(20176月浙江高考应用文写作)我们打算7月8日去雁荡山郊游。我们真的希望你能加入我们。Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.(2015北京高考书面表达)上周二，我们班邀请了一位老艺人来教我们如何做面人。2往事追忆法回忆过去发生的某件事I still remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as if it were yesterday.我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。(三)说明文的常用开头法1点明中心法开门见山点明所要介绍的事物The pen is seen everywhere.In most cases, it only acts as a tool to write with, which I think is too simple.钢笔到处可见。在大多数情况下，它仅仅作为书写工具，我认为这太简单了。2引用数据法运用数据引出所要论证的主题A recent study shows that 50% of the school kids dont have breakfast.最近的研究表明，有50%的学生不吃早饭。(四)议论文的常用开头法1点明主题法提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题Through my years of school life, Ive learned that if we are to make a difference in life, its vital that we should begin with small things.通过几年的校园生活，我学会了如果我们要在生活中有所改变，从小事开始是非常重要的。2引用名言法摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头When it comes to how to succeed, many people may think of the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.”当谈到如何成功时，很多人或许会想到谚语“有志者，事竟成。”3列举实例法通过一个实例或现象引出话题Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic, which has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development.现今，许多大城市的人们都在抱怨交通拥堵，它严重地影响了人们的日常生活和经济发展。(五)图画作文的常用开头法描述图画法描写图画内容，为下文做好铺垫As is vividly shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labour.正如图画中生动形象地显示的那样，一个人正在请另一个人做义务劳动。 常见开头句式As the proverb says/As the saying goes, “Time is money.”As can be seen from the table, nearly everyone owns one mobile phone in China.With the development of the Internet, computers play an important role in peoples life.There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.It is believed that health is above wealth.It is well known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal.Im excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine. 即时演练根据提示翻译句子1收到你在市图书馆作报告的邀请我很高兴。(开门见山法)Im_so_glad_to_receive_your_invitation_to_your_lecture_in_the_city_library.2听说你在中学生英语朗诵比赛中荣获一等奖，因此我写信发自内心地祝贺你。(开门见山法)I_hear_that_you_have_won_first_prize_in_the_English_Recitation_Contest_for_middle_school_students,_so_I_am_writing_to_give_congratulations_to_you_from_the_bottom_of_my_heart.3上周日，我和同学们去了香山公园。(故事背景法)Last_Sunday,_my_classmates_and_I_went_to_the_Xiangshan_Park. 4俗话说，“没有努力就没有收获。”(引用名言法)As_the_saying_goes,_“No_pains,_no_gains.”5人们普遍认为阅读能增长我们的知识、拓宽我们的视野。(点明主题法)It_is_universally_acknowledged_that_reading_increases_our_knowledge_and_broadens_our_mind.6每当我想到我家附近那一条清澈的小溪，就忍不住感到悲伤。(往事追忆法)Whenever_I_think_of_the_clean_stream_near_my_home,_I_cannot_help_feeling_sad.回味无穷的结尾结尾有概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，升华主题的作用。主要有以下几种写法：(一)书信的常用结尾法1表示感谢法Im looking forward to your early reply.(2017全国卷书面表达)我期待你的早日答复。I must thank you again for your generous help.我必须对你慷慨的帮助再次表示感谢。Id appreciate it if you could do me a favour.(2016全国卷书面表达)如果你能帮助我，我将感激不尽。Please accept my gratitude, now and always.请接受我的感谢，现在到永远。2表示期待法Hope that my advice will be of some help to you and that youll have a good time in China.(2017北京高考书面表达)希望我的建议能对你有帮助，你会在中国过得愉快。I also hope that there will be more events of this kind in the future.我也希望将来会有更多这类活动。(二)记叙文的常用结尾法1点题升华法结尾总结全文，进一步升华主题From this experience, I learned that being careful is very important and that we cant be too careful, especially in examinations.从这次经历中，我了解到细心非常重要，尤其在考试时，我们再怎样细心都不为过。2问题设问法通过问答的形式总结全文Will you join us in the next century? How romantic and fantastic it will be!你愿意在下个世纪加入我们吗？那将是多么浪漫和奇妙啊！(三)说明文的常用结尾法总结全文法总结说明的事物，进一步说明其特征In a word, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us convenience and comfort.总之，过去20年里我们生活中的变化给我们带来了便利和舒适。(四)议论文的常用结尾法1得出结论法结尾总结全文，得出结论Therefore, respecting children and letting them develop their own characters are the key to their real success.因此，尊重孩子，让他们形成自己的个性是他们获得真正成功的关键。2深化中心法结尾进一步深化主题In a word, we must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it.If not, the last drop of water will be a teardrop.总之，我们必须保护水资源，也要寻找再利用水的方法。如果不这样做，最后一滴水将是人类的泪水。3提出建议法结尾提出建议及应对措施Its a virtue and tradition for us Chinese people to help those in need.Whats more, your help will make a great difference to them.So lets take action, please!帮助需要帮助的人是我们中国人的传统美德。况且，你的帮助对他们而言有重大意义，因此，咱们行动起来吧！4引用名言法结尾用名言总结全文Anyhow, different cultures, different customs.If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”， you will enjoy more your stay here.不管怎样，有不同的文化，就有不同的习俗，如果你能“入乡随俗”，就会更好地享受这里的生活。5照应开头法结尾对开头进行照应Everyone enjoys beautiful things.And seeing sunrise may be one of the most unusual experiences in our life.每个人都喜欢美好的事物，看日出也许是我们人生中最不平凡的经历之一。Different ways of traveling can make people happy, but I like traveling by train most.不同的旅行方式能让人们愉快，但我还是最喜欢乘火车旅行。 常见结尾句式Id appreciate it if .如果我将不胜感激It is high time that . 确实到了的时候了In this way, I believe that . 如此，我相信Only with combined efforts can we .唯有通力合作我们才能We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that .因此，我们可以得出如下结论Therefore, we have the reason to believe that . 因此，我们有理由相信Therefore, we should realize that . 因此，我们应当意识到If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that .如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问We, therefore, can make it clear from the above discussion that .因此，从上面的讨论中我们可以明白 即时演练根据提示翻译句子1我希望这些有助于你交更多的朋友。我确信你会摆脱困境。(表示期待法)I_hope_these_will_help_you_to_make_more_friends.And_Im_convinced_that_you_will_get_out_of_the_trouble.2如果你能到机场接我，我将不胜感激。(表示感谢法)Id_appreciate_it_if_you_can_meet_me_at_the_airport.3找一个伙伴和我们一起去如何？如果这样，我们可以互相帮助并且在旅途中保持愉快。(问题设问法)How_about_finding_a_companion_to_be_with_us?_If_so,_we_can_help_each_other_and_be_happy_during_the_trip.4因此我们得出结论：世界上没有什么东西和自由一样珍贵。(得出结论法)We,_therefore,_come_to_the_conclusion_that_nothing_is_so_precious_as_freedom_in_the_world.5. 总之，成功是重要的，失败也是重要的，因为它是成功之母。(引用名言法)In_a_word,_success_is_important,_and_so_is_failure,_because_its_the_mother_of_success.学案(二)词顺意畅的衔接衔接与过渡性词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间，段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。高中阶段应该掌握的连接(过渡)性词语归纳如下：above all， to begin/start with， today， now， nowadays， at present， currently， recently， generally speaking， according to， with the development of .等。Recently, the Ministry of Education has issued a requirement that students should be given labor education while at school, which arouses a heated debate.近来，教育部要求上学期间加强学生劳动教育，这引起了激烈的讨论。To start with, I have been learning and speaking Mandarin for about 17 years.(2015四川高考满分作文)首先，我学说普通话已经约17年了。即时演练补全句子1现在，我想与你们分享一下我的经验。Now,_Id like to share my experience with you.2总的来说，你练习越多，用英语写作就越熟练。Generally_speaking,_the more you practise, the more skillfully you can write in English.firstly， first of all， to begin/start with， then， later， in the end， finally， at last， after that， afterwards， since then， immediately， suddenly， meanwhile等。Firstly, I expected to know about the polite language related to my service.Secondly, I am trying to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.首先，我希望知道有关我服务的礼貌语言。第二，我想获得关于我的职位的基本知识和技能。即时演练完成下面片段首先，我把所有的书籍、报纸和其他的散落在屋子里的东西收集起来放好，然后我扫去所有家具上的灰尘，之后我扫地、拖地。Firstly,_I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.After_that,_I swept and mopped the floors.and， or， also， as well as， neither .nor .， not only .but also .， either .or .， not .but .等。Every day I spend some time taking exercise, learning keeping order as well as dealing with emergency so as to get ready for the upcoming event.(2017天津高考书面表达)每天我花一些时间锻炼，学习维持秩序，以及应对紧急情况，以便为即将到来的事做好准备。I think we will have a good time there and I will send you photos taken there.我想我们会在那里玩得很愉快，而且我将会把在那里拍的照片寄给你。即时演练补全句子1她最后赢得了他们的尊重，他们最终变得自信，表现也不错。She finally earned respect of them, who eventually became_confident_as_well_as_ wellbehaved.2观光最好要么乘坐游览巴士，要么骑自行车。Sightseeing is best done either_by_tour_buses_or_by_bicycles.3游泳不但对身体有好处，而且有助于我们拥有坚强的意志。Swimming not_only benefits our health, but_also helps us have a strong will.but， yet， however， while， otherwise， on the contrary， though， although， even if/though， despite， in spite of， regardless of等。However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.(2017江苏高考书面表达)然而，电影市场可能在不久的将来会放缓。Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.(2017北京高考书面表达)有些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。即时演练补全句子1然而，使你最惊讶的是下述新的功能。However,_what amazes you most is the following new function.2相反，智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的健康造成极大的危害。On_the_contrary,_smartphones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.because， as， since， for， thanks to， due to， as a result of， so， therefore， as a result/consequence等。Therefore, please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(2017全国卷书面表达)因此，请花些时间简单地看看唐朝的历史。即时演练补全句子1多亏当地媒体的协助，他在13个国家找到了32对同年同月同日出生的人，其中17对男性15对女性。Thanks_to_the_assistance_of_the_local_media,_he has found 32 time twins across 13 countries, with 17 males and 15 females.2由于他的粗心大意，整个工程被迫推迟至少一个月。As_a_result_of his carelessness, the whole project had to be put off at least one month.whats more， furthermore， moreover， besides， whats worse， still less， to make matters worse， worse still， on the one hand .on the other hand .， for one thing .for another (thing) .等。Whats worse, I dont communicate well with my parents and my friends.(2017天津高考书面表达)更糟糕的是，我和父母、朋友交流不好。即时演练补全句子1更糟的是，如果我们在电话上花费过多的时间，我们会失去将来需要的交际技能。Worse_still/To_make_matters_worse,_if we spend too much time on phones, we will lose the communication skills we need in the future.2一方面，周末他们需要好好休息；另一方面，他们需要尽一切努力复习功课。On_(the)_one_hand,_they should have a good rest on weekends.On_the_other_(hand),_they should make every effort to review what they have learned.such as， for example/instance， take .for example， that is to say， as follows， in other words等。Firstly, there are all kinds of activities in the team, such as learning the basic skills and talking about experience.(2017全国卷书面表达)首先，团队中有各种各样的活动，比如学习基本技能和谈论经验。The plan for the day is as follows: Firstly, its a custom to have dumplings on that day, so well make delicious dumplings with our own hands rather than buy some for them.(2015全国卷满分作文)这天的计划如下：首先，在那天吃饺子是一项风俗，因此我们会亲手为他们做美味的饺子而不是去买一些。即时演练补全句子1我们有很多学科，例如汉语、数学、英语、音乐、艺术等。We have many subjects, such_as Chinese, math, English, music, art and so on.2也就是说，如果你想成功，必须相信自己。That_is_to_say,_if you want to succeed, you have to believe in yourself.in my opinion， in my view， from my point of view， as far as I am concerned， as for me， personally等。As far as Im concerned, all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication and the various activities.(2016天津高考书面表达)就我个人而言，我的所有同学从交流和各种各样的活动中学到很多东西。Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China.(2017北京高考书面表达)就我个人而言，我更喜欢沿长江的旅行，中国最长的河流。即时演练补全句子1按照我的观点，我们能够互相共享信息，以便更好地相互理解。In_my_opinion,_we can share information with each other to make a better understanding.2对我来说，我曾经收到的最珍贵的礼物是一本相册。As_for_me,_the most valuable gift Ive ever received is a photo album.in short， in brief， in conclusion， in a/one word， to sum up， all in all， on the whole， in general等。In short, playing basketball enriches my life and makes me more confident.总之，打篮球丰富我的生活，使我更加自信。In a/one word, you will surely benefit a lot from your careful preparation.(2017全国卷书面表达)总之，你一定会从精心准备中受益匪浅。即时演练补全句子1总之，一个好市民应该遵守交通规则。In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_short/In_brief/To_sum_up,_a good citizen should observe traffic regulations.2总的来说，我发现自行车比摩托车更令人喜欢。On_the_whole/In_general,_I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle.综合演练提能.用过渡词汇补全句子1First_of_all/To_begin_with (首先), the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.2Besides/In_addition/Whats_more/Moreover (况且), listening to some soft music does relax your mood and give you a new start.3I lost my way in the forest and to_make_matters_worse/worse_still (更糟的是), it became dark.4Therefore_(因此), I suggest we be given more time for sports and sleep.5In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_short/In_brief (总之), we should take effective measures to protect our environment.阅读下面短文，选择适当的过渡性词语填空(2019江淮十校联考)近来，中学生普遍缺乏自我保护意识这一问题备受关注，请你用英语写一篇短文：1概括中学生自我保护的重要性；2就如何保护自己谈谈你的看法(至少两点)。above all， besides， meanwhile， for one thing， for another thing， personally， in a word Recently, it has been a great public concern that the students lack selfprotection awareness.There is a lack of social experience among students and therefore learning how to protect ourselves is of great significance to us all.For_one_thing,_security comes first.Without security, we can achieve nothing and cannot live up to parents expectations.For_another_thing,_protecting ourselves contributes to the healthy development of the students, which is associated with the happiness of every family.Meanwhile,_it also helps to build a more harmonious society.Personally,_in order to protect us students, above_all,_we should strengthen our security awareness.Besides,_when accidents occur, we should calm down and turn to teachers or parents for help.The government also plays a leading role in protecting students.In_a_word,_only by the combined efforts of every side involved can we live and study in harmony.学案(三)像模像样的架构(一)提纲作文行文规范英语作文主要有提纲、(半)开放两种类型。从近几年高考来看，主要以提纲作文为主。这两种作文类型各有特点，为让考生掌握不同文体的写作技巧和结构范式，本部分采用临摹满分作文的编排模式，让考生在动手动脑中感悟满分作文的组织架构和写作技巧，把作文写得规范合体、像模像样。学审题谋篇 假如你是李华，来自阳光中学，你校乒乓球队应邀去澳大利亚一所中学参加中学生乒乓球友谊赛。请你给举办学校联系人Mr.Williams写一封邮件询问相关事宜，要点如下：1接受邀请，表示感谢；2询问食宿、交通及比赛日程等方面的安排；3提出相关建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Mr.Williams，I am Li Hua, a student from Sunshine Middle School. Thank you for all your help and look forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua1审题提纲作文的关键就是审好题，审题时应做到三定：定体裁；定人称；定时态。如本文为书信，是高考经常考查的类型，属于应用文；人称以第一人称为主；时态主要用一般现在时。2谋篇提纲作文虽然有简要的提纲，但只是对文章的提示和概括，我们在谋篇时要仔细研读题目信息，对提纲进行归纳整合，并适度拓展。如本文首先要作自我介绍，对接受邀请表示感谢；然后询问食宿、交通及比赛日程等方面的安排；提出相关建议。学增分亮点 满分范文Dear Mr.Williams，I am Li Hua, a student from Sunshine Middle School.We are delighted to accept the invitation to play a friendly table tennis match, which will no doubt strengthen our friendship.I am writing to know more about the arrangements.Since it is the first time for us to go to Australia, wed like to know the details about the accommodations in order to make some preparations in advance.We prefer to live in host families to experience local culture.Besides, is it possible for you to pick us up at the airport after our arrival? Also, I would be grateful if we could work out a proper schedule for both sides.Thank you for all your help and look forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua,满分缘由1结构布局本文可分为三段：第一段：首先作自我介绍，表示感谢；第二段：询问食宿、交通及比赛日程等，并提出相关建议；第三段：希望对方早日回信。2亮点词汇delighted, no doubt，strengthen, make some preparations, in advance, prefer, pick sb.up3亮点句式第句包含which引导的非限制性定语从句；第句包含since引导的原因状语从句和不定式作目的状语；第句中it作形式主语；第句包含if引导的条件状语从句。句式改写1用so that引导目的状语从句改写句Since_it_is_the_first_time_for_us_to_go_to_Australia,_wed_like_to_know_the_details_about_the_accommodations_so_that_we_can_make_some_preparations_in_advance.2用“Id appreciate it if .”改写句Also,_I_would_appreciate_it_if_we_could_work_out_a_proper_schedule_for_both_sides.写满分作文 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信说，他和几个同学正在学中国古诗，请你给他写封邮件，向他推荐一本有助于学习古诗的书籍，内容包括。1书名及作者：Read Poetry & Learn History by Wang Chunshui；2推荐理由：适宜外国读者学古诗和了解中国历史、文化及古代生活；3表达祝愿。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语和结尾语已为你写好。要求请用非谓语形式、非限制性定语从句、宾语从句完成作文。Dear Mike，Im glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry, and Id like to recomme