2019年高中英语Unit13PeopleSectionⅣGrammar教案（含解析）北师大版.docx

Section Grammar单元语法项目(一)过去分词语法图解探究发现At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that gets you promoted.Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that . People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.Professor Mayer, recognised by many as a leading expert in .They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students feelings compared to students who .Accused of stealing money, the man was brought to court.You pretend to be interested.Seen at a distance, the picture looks more beautiful.When asked why he was late, he went red.我的发现(1)以上句子中的过去分词或过去分词短语在句中分别作：句：宾语补足语；句、句：定语；句、句：表语；句、句、句、句：状语。(2)句中hired, promoted与宾语you之间为逻辑上的被动关系/动宾关系。(3)句、句中mistaken和interested为形容化的过去分词，表示主语所处的(被动)状态。(4)在过去分词作状语的句子中，过去分词分别作：句：原因状语；句：条件状语；句：时间状语。一、过去分词的定义及基本形式1过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，表示完成或被动意义。2过去分词的基本形式：动词原形ed，但也有不规则形式。否定形式：not/never动词ed形式。二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。1过去分词作定语作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表完成。(1)单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词的后面。表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们冲进了大楼。Do you like to read the novels written by Guo Jingming?你喜欢读郭敬明写的小说吗？名师点津有些单个的过去分词，像left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。He saved every penny, often eating food left.他节省每一分钱，常吃剩饭。(2)过去分词短语作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中表现出来。The computer bought last week doesnt work now.The computer that was bought last week doesnt work now.上周买的那台电脑现在出故障了。Those chosen as team members must be here at 7 am tomorrow.Those who have been chosen as team members must be here at 7 am tomorrow.被挑选为队员的人必须明天早晨7点到这儿。即时演练1(1) 用所给词的适当形式填空(2017北京高考改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend)with his students.(2016全国卷)I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2)句型转换A letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.A letter posted_yesterday will reach her next week.The book given to him is an English novel.The book that/which_was_given_to_him_is an English novel.The frightened horse ran away from the fire.The horse that/which_was_frightened ran away from the fire.2过去分词作表语(1)过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后，还可用于get, become等系动词后面，表示动作，一般不延续。Mary got divorced in 2015, and she had been married to Tom for 8 years by then.玛丽在2015年离婚，那时她嫁给汤姆已有8年的时间了。(2)这种系表结构和被动结构相同。但过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作。The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 pm every day.每天下午6点由一位老人来关学校大门。(被动语态，表示动作)He feels relaxed as everything is settled.他感到很轻松因为一切都安排好了。(系表结构，过去分词作表语，表示状态)名师点津过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, puzzled等。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(福建高考改编)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected (connect)The nurse has been married (marry) to Li Qian for two years. The news is interesting and Im excited (excite) about it.(福建高考改编)In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2)完成句子我们是如此无聊以至于禁不住打起了哈欠。We were_so_bored_that we couldnt help yawning.吉姆为对老师所说的话感到羞愧。Jim was_ashamed_of what he said to his teacher.3过去分词作宾语补足语(1)过去分词作宾语补足语既可表示被动，又可表示完成；宾语通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。When we got to school, we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看到门被锁上了。(2)常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况：过去分词用于feel, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作宾补。He didnt notice his wallet stolen.他没有注意到他的钱包被偷了。过去分词用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。过去分词用于with复合结构作宾语补足语。With the task finished, he went home happily.任务完成后，他高兴地回家了。即时演练3(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2015陕西高考改编)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home.The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered (cover) with snow.I had/got my bike stolen (steal) last night. The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.(2)单句改错The old man had his foot injuring in the fall.injuringinjuredThe boy was crying with the toy break.breakbrokenOn the way home I found my wallet missed.missedmissingWe covered him with only his face exposing.exposingexposed4过去分词作状语(1)过去分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。United, we stand; divided, we fall.(作条件状语)谚语团结则存，分裂则亡。Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately.(作原因状语)由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。The professor went into the lab, followed by his students.(作伴随状语)教授走进实验室，后面跟着他的学生。When heated, water can change into steam.(作时间状语)当加热时，水能变成蒸汽。Although exhausted after a long journey, she continued to work.(作让步状语)虽然长途旅行后很疲惫，她仍旧继续工作。名师点津状语从句改成过去分词作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语。(2)过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别。过去分词作状语同现在分词作状语一样，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语，但不同的是，过去分词与主语之间是被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间则是主动关系。Greatly frightened, the man ran into a back room.那人大吃一惊，跑进后面的一个房间里去了。Turning around, she saw her husband and calmed down.转过身来，她看到了丈夫，才镇静下来。即时演练4 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2016北京高考改编)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2015天津高考改编)Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.(2015四川高考改编)Little Tom sat amazed (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.(2015重庆高考改编)Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(2)句型转换When the park is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.Seen_from_the_hill,_the park looks more beautiful.Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,_the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.用所给词的适当形式填空1Shocked (shock) at the terrible working conditions, we decided to quit the job.2Have you noticed classical music usually played (play) by TV commercials for luxury cars?3The buildings destroyed (destroy) in the earthquake are being rebuilt now.4The old man looked very pleased to see his apartment beautifully decorated (decorate)5The car turned away, heading (head) for the countryside.6Recognized (recognize) as a man of many talents, the young man has a promising future.7Ways must be found to deal with the constant noise causing (cause) serious health problems.8We must have our windows repaired (repair) before winter comes, or well freeze.9The flight delayed (delay) by the storm is for Xiamen.10If asked (ask) to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.语法与写作(改写句子)1Because she was born in this small but beautiful town, she hates to leave it at any time.(过去分词短语作原因状语)Born_in_this_small_but_beautiful_town,_she_hates_to_leave_it_at_any_time.2If I am given this chance, Ill make good use of it to serve our country. (过去分词作条件状语)Given_this_chance,_Ill_make_good_use_of_it_to_serve_our_country.3Where is the soldier who was badly wounded in that fight being treated？(过去分词短语作后置定语)Where_is_the_soldier_badly_wounded_in_that_fight_being_treated?4I dare not drink the water in the river which was badly polluted.(过去分词作前置定语)I_dare_not_drink_the_water_in_the_badly_polluted_river.单句写作(完成句子)1(2015全国卷书面表达)It carries articles written_by_foreign_friends (由外国朋友写的) about the cultures of their home countries.2(2015北京高考书面表达)If_you_are_interested_in_it (如果你对这件事感兴趣), let me know and Ill send you more information.3(2015广东高考满分作文)Carried_out_continuously (如果一直执行), it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.4(2015重庆高考书面表达)Compared_to (与比较起来) “controlled release”， “wild release” has its own advantages.5(2015广东高考满分作文)To_get_this_problem_solved (为了解决这个问题), Id like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while.6(2014全国卷满分作文)Where work_is_concerned (关于工作), I am determined to become a filmmaker.单元语法项目(二)情态动词表示推测语法图解探究发现I think my French tutor might know one of them.They might be sheltering in a cave.They might have fallen behind.He looks upset. He must be having some problems.You cant have failed the exam.I think the old woman must be a nice person.You are wet enough. You must have got caught in the rain.He cant be home now. He just left five minutes ago.Can he have lost his key?He cant be playing basketball. The teacher is talking to him about his homework.我的发现(1)must表示非常有把握的推测，意为“一定”；(2)may/might表示有一定可能的推测，意为“可能，大概，也许”。(3)cant/couldnt表示否定推测，意为“不可能”。一、情态动词表示肯定的推测肯定的推测一般用must, should, may (might)或could (不用can)，其中must的语气最强，意为“肯定，准是，想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能，应该”，指按常理推测；could, may (might)的语气最弱，意为“也许，可能”。Someone must have been here last night.昨晚一定有人来过。即时演练1用适当的情态动词填空(2014江西高考改编)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.(2015重庆高考改编)You must be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.This job should be finished on time.二、情态动词表示否定的推测1语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，意为“可能不，也许不”。2否定语气较强时，则用cant，意为“根本不可能，想必不会”，表示惊讶、怀疑的感情色彩。He cant be at home.他不可能在家。(很有把握)名师点津(1)could, might表示推测时，并不表示过去时态，只表示委婉语气。(2)疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。Could I use your cellphone!Yes, you can.我可以用一下你的手机吗？是的，可以。即时演练2完成句子The meeting can/could_not_be_put_off (不可能被推迟), for theres no time left.She might/may_not_come (可能不来) tomorrow, because she was ill.She couldnt_have_missed (不可能错过) the good chance because she was looking for a job.三、情态动词对不同时间情况的推测1“情态动词do”表示对现在或将来情况的推测。I dont know where she is; she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿，她有可能在武汉。2“情态动词bedoing”表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况的推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这个时候，我们的老师想必正在批改我们的试卷。3“情态动词havedone”表示对过去情况的推测。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地面是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。名师点津含must, may (might)的反义疑问句，反义疑问部分的动词形式根据它们后面的动词形式以及有无时间状语来确定。You must/may (might) be hungry now, arent you?你一定/可能(或许)饿了，对吗？You must have heard about it, havent you?你一定听说过这事了，对吗？You must have watched the football match last night, didnt you?昨天晚上你一定看过足球赛了，对吗？即时演练3单句改错You neednt come here yesterday.neednt_后加_haveHe must be waiting for you, but Im not sure.mustmay/might(2014陕西高考改编)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who must have taken it？mustcouldHe has lived with her for a long time, so he might know her.mightmustIt must have rained last night, hasnt it？hasntdidnt.单句语法填空1My wallet is gone. Where can I put it?2You must have the wrong number. There is no such person.3Its already ten. She promised to come by ten. She should be here at any moment.4My dictionary has disappeared. Who could have_taken (take) it?5Its time for supper, but Im still studying in the school. Mother must be_waiting (wait) for me in the kitchen.6She may have_flown (fly) to Paris already.7Its work hours now;