《英语语音技巧突破》PPT课件.ppt

English Pronunciation Practice 英语语音技巧突破,Lecture 5 Syllables and Stress 音节与重音,Warming up activity,tap pet sit myth tape Pete site my arm warm her first care here there fire Do you think reading English is like singing a song?,Definition of syllables 音节的定义,A unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant alone, or by any of these sounds preceded, followed, or surrounded by one or more consonants.,Application of syllables 音节的应用,There are four kinds of syllables: open syllables, closed syllables, -r syllables and re syllables. Open syllables: A syllable ending in a vowel. eg. name, go, use Closed syllable: A syllable ending in a consonant. eg. tub, not, cap -r syllable: A stressed syllable composed of a vowel and r eg. fur, thirty, her -re syllable: A stressed syllable composed of a vowel and re eg. tire, sure, before,Practice 练习,Read the following words by oneself and then in pairs, paying attention each words pronunciation in different syllable. time type home new huge hot pet met let term nursery or party cure pure more fire,Stressed Syllables and Unstressed Syllables,What does Stress in Speech mean?,In speech, stress may be defined as the degree of intensity or loudness placed on a sound; the amount of force one puts on a syllable or a word to give it importance.,What is Word Stress?,A word stress means a prominent/stressed/strong syllable within a word.,Stressed Syllables & Unstressed Syllables,Stressed syllables are strong syllables. Unstressed syllables are weak syllables. Stressed syllables: are long have a pitch change have full vowel sounds. Unstressed syllables: are short often have a reduced vowel sound.,Three degrees of stress,Primary stress: strong emphasis Secondary stress: less strong emphasis Zero stress: no emphasis Eg: timetable operation,How to pronounce word stress?,When a syllable is stressed, it is pronounced longer in duration higher in pitch louder in volume,How do you say teacher?,Different types of weak syllables,The schwa a - attend, character, barracks, again, ballad, necklace, workaday, workable, elephant ar - particular, molar, monarchy ate - intimate, accurate, desolate o - tomorrow, potato, carrot or - forget, ambassador, opportunity e - settlement, violet, postmen er -perhaps, stronger, superman u - autumn, support, halibut ough - thorough, borough ous - gracious, callous,Any English vowel letter can be pronounced with the schwa / allow a firemen e possible i / command o support u,Some Rules for Word Stress,General Rules of Word Stress,1. Most English word of two or three syllables, the stress falls on the first syllable, e.g.,apple carry problem holiday primary,2.Words of three or more syllables, the stress normally falls on the third syllable form the end:,family recognize democracy phylosophy economy,3.Words of two or three syllables with one of the following prefixes (前缀), the stress usually falls on the syllable following the prefix,a- above along be- become below com- combine compare con- contain connect de- detect design em- embark employ en- encourage engage es- escape especial ex- exchange excuse im- important imply in- inform intend ob- obtain observe per- permit perform pre- prepare prepay pro- propose promote sub- submit subective trans- transform translate,4. Words with the following suffixes, the stress nearly always on the syllable preceding the suffix,-ian musician politician -ic atomic democratic -ical physical political -id solid stupid -ial social partial -ion revolution discussion -ify simplify beautify -ible possible terrible -ient sufficient patient -ience patience experience -ity possibility responsibiity -ish foolish punish -eous courageous hideous -ious conscious delicious -ive native progressive -ant important dependant,Note: The following suffixed do not influence the place of word-stress: -ed, -es, -er, -est, -or, -ary, -ory, -ment, -ous, -cy, -ry, -ty, -al, -ure, -ute, -ble, -ar, -ly, -less, -ness, -ful, -ing.,prision-prisoner move-movement conquer-conqueror carry- carrying custom-customary beauty-beautiful proper-property sorrow-sorrowness quick-quickly help-helpless,5. Some suffixes attract the primary stress (主重音) onto themselves. There is a secondary stress on the first syllable in words with such suffixes. Suffixed of this kind are as follows: -ain, -ee, -eer, -ier, -ade, -ival, -itis, -mental (-ental).,Examples: refuge- ,refugee employ- ,employee engine- ,engineer mountain- ,mountaineer fundament- ,fundamental accident- ,accidental lemon- ,lemonade,Note: But there is no stress on the prefix if the word which is formed by means of the strong prefix is in common use, e.g., impossible, unuaual, if the word to which it is addes is not in common use, e.g., unbounded, unwieldly used). if the word does not correspond to the meaning which it has without the prefix, e.g., overcome, misgive (not commected in meaning with the verb to come and the verb to give).,*The semantic factor in English word-stress gives way to the rhythmical factor. Since there is a tendency to alternate stressed and unstressed syllables, a double-stressed word may lose one of its stresses if a stressed syllable immediately precedes or follows. e.g. thirteen, but thirteen hundred or just thirteen seaside but seaside sports unknown but the unknown soldier,Lecture 6 Definition of stress 重音的定义,The relative force of sound or emphasis given a syllable or word in accordance with a metrical pattern,Application of stress 重音的应用,In a sentence such words are stressed as noun, numeral, adjective, notional verb, adverb, pronoun, interjection; on the other side, such words are not stressed in a sentence as article, pronoun, conjunction and preposition.,Practice 练习,Read the following sentences paying attention to the stress of each sentence. An elephant is an animal. Her skirt is blue and white. John is nine. Mary loves her dolls. He speaks English slowly and carefully. Dear me!,Stressed Words and Unstressed Words in a Sentence,Sentence stress is the music of spoken English. Like word stress, sentence stress can help you to understand spoken English, especially when spoken fast. Sentence stress is what gives English its rhythm or “beat“. Word stress is accent on certain syllables within a word. Sentence stress is accent on certain words within a sentence.,Most sentences have two types of words: content words/ information words structure words/ function words Content words are the key words of a sentence. They are the important words that carry the meaning or sense. Structure words are not very important words. They are small, simple words that make the sentence correct grammatically. If you remove the structure words from a sentence, you will probab